Файл: Занятие Тема Знакомство. Внешность. Одежда. Правила поведения и дресскода.docx

Answer the following questions:

1. 
   How can «appearance» be defined?
   
2. 
   What adjectives are used to describe a person’s appearance? 3.What are the opposite words of «overweight»?
   

4.What adjectives can be used for describing the way someone dresses? 5.What rude words should be avoided when describing people?

5. Complete the following sentences using information from the text:

1.Reading or hearing a description of someone can give you … 2.If someone dresses fashionably, they are …

3. 
   Remember that you need to be quite careful when ...
   
4. 
   If someone has some meat on their bones, he or she is … 5.To say someone is not very good-looking, you can say …
   

1. Summarise the key points of the text and retell it.

2. 
   Translate the text in a written form.
   

3. CLOTHES

   1. 
      Answer the following questions:
      

1. 
   What are your favourite clothes?
   
2. 
   Where do you usually buy clothes?
   
3. 
   What clothing brands do you like to wear most?
   

2. Read the text silently and then out aloud.

Clothes are the things that people wear to cover their body or keep warm. Clothes are typically made of fabrics or textiles, from animal skin or other thin sheets of materials put together. The wearing of clothes is mostly restricted to human beings and is a feature of all human societies. The amount and type of clothing worn depends on gender, body type, social, and geographic considerations.

Clothing serves many purposes: it can serve as protection from the elements, rough surfaces, rash-causing plants, insect bite, splinters, thorns and prickles by providing a barrier between the skin and the environment. Clothes can insulate against cold or hot conditions, and they can provide a hygienic barrier, keeping infectious and toxic materials away from the body. Clothing also provides protection from ultraviolet radiation.

The most obvious function of clothing is to protect the wearer from the elements. In hot weather, clothing provides protection from sunburn or wind damage. In the cold it offers thermal insulation. Shelter can reduce the functional need for clothing. For example, coats, hats, gloves, and other outer

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layers are normally removed when entering a warm place. Similarly, clothing has seasonal and regional aspects, so that thinner materials and fewer layers of clothing are generally worn in warmer regions and seasons than in colder ones.

Clothing performs a range of social and cultural functions, such as individual, occupational and gender differentiation, and social status. In many societies, norms about clothing reflect standards of modesty, religion, gender,

and social status. Clothing may also function as adornment and an expression of personal taste or style.

Clothing has been made from a very wide variety of materials, ranging from leather and furs to woven fabrics to elaborate and exotic natural and synthetic fabrics. Not all body coverings are regarded as clothing. Articles carried rather than worn (such as purses), worn on a single part of the body and easily removed (scarves), worn purely for adornment (jewelry), or those that serve a function other than protection (eyeglasses), are normally considered accessories rather than clothing.

Clothing protects against many things that might injure or irritate the uncovered human body, including rain, snow, wind, and other weather, as well as from the sun. Garments that are too sheer, thin, small or tight offer less protection. Appropriate clothes can also reduce risk during activities such as work or sport. Some clothing protects from specific hazards, such as insects, noxious chemicals, weather, weapons, and contact with abrasive substances.

Humans have devised clothing solutions to environmental or other hazards: such as space suits, air conditioned clothing, armor, diving suits, swimsuits, bee- keeping gear, motorcycle leathers, high-visibility clothing, and other pieces of protective clothing. The distinction between clothing and protective equipment is not always clear-cut, since clothes designed to be fashionable often have protective value and clothes designed for function often consider fashion in their design. The choice of clothes also has social implications. They cover parts of the body that social norms require to be covered, act as a form of adornment, and serve other social purposes. Someone who lacks the means to procure reasonable clothing due to poverty or affordability, or simply lack of inclination, is sometimes said to be scruffy, ragged, or shabby.

In Western societies skirts, dresses and high-heeled shoes are usually seen

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as women's clothing, while neckties are usually seen as men's clothing. Trousers were once seen as exclusively male clothing, but can nowadays be

worn by both genders. Male clothes are often more practical (that is, they can function well under a wide variety of situations), but a wider range of clothing styles are available for females. Males are typically allowed to bare their chests in a greater variety of public places. It is generally acceptable for a woman to wear clothing perceived as masculine, while the opposite is seen as unusual.

Clothing designed to be worn by either sex is called unisex clothing. Unisex clothes, such as T-shirts, tend to be cut straighter to fit a wider variety of bodies. The majority of unisex clothing styles have started out as menswear, but some articles, like the fedora, were originally worn by women.

In some societies, clothing may be used to indicate rank or status. In ancient Rome, for example, only senators could wear garments dyed with Tyrian purple. In traditional Hawaiian society, only high-ranking chiefs could wear feather cloaks and palaoa, or carved whale teeth. In China, before establishment of the republic, only the emperor could wear yellow.

3. Decide if the following statements about the text are true or false:

1. 
   Clothes are the things that people wear to cover their body or keep warm.
   
2. 
   Clothing can provide compensation from ultraviolet radiation.
   
3. 
   The main function of clothing is to protect the wearer from the aliens. 4.Appropriate clothes can reduce risk during activities such as work or
   

sport.

5.In some societies, clothing may be used to indicate rank or status.

4. 1   2   3   4   5

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Answer the following questions:

1. 
   Why do people wear clothes?
   
2. 
   What does the amount and type of clothing worn depend on? 3.What social and cultural functions does clothing perform?
   

4.What specific hazards can clothing protect from? 5.What type of clothing is called unisex?

5. Complete the following sentences using information from the text:

1.Сlothing can serve as protection from … 2.Shelter can reduce the …

3. 
   Clothes can insulate against …
   
4. 
   It is generally acceptable for a woman to … 5.Not all body coverings are regarded as …
   

6. Summarise the key points of the text and retell it.

7. 
   Translate the text in a written form.
   

2. RULES OF BEHAVIOR

   1. 
      Answer the following questions:
      

1. 
   What is considered to be good behavior in modern society?
   
2. 
   What examples of bad behavior have you ever faced?
   
3. 
   What are the best ways of managing problematic behavior?
   

2. Read the text silently and then out aloud.

Rules of behavior is a set of rules outlining the norms, rules, and responsibilities of, or proper practices for, an individual, a party or an organization. Related concepts include ethical, honor, moral codes, norms of behaviour and religious laws.

For example, a company code of conduct is a set of rules, which is commonly written for employees of a company, which protects the business and informs the employees of the company's expectations. It is appropriate for even the smallest of companies to create a document containing important information on expectations for employees. The document does not need to be complex, or have elaborate policies. Failure of an employee to follow a company code of conduct can have negative consequences.

A code of conduct can be an important part in establishing an inclusive culture, but it is not a comprehensive solution on its own. An ethical culture is created by the organization's

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leaders who manifest their ethics in their attitudes

and behavior. Studies of codes of conduct in the private sector show that their effective implementation must be part of a learning process that requires training, consistent enforcement, and continuous improvement. Simply requiring members to read the code is not enough to ensure that they understand it and will remember its contents. The proof of effectiveness is when employees feel comfortable enough to voice concerns and believe that the organization will respond with appropriate action.

Fundamental British values reflect life in modern Britain. These values are Democracy, Rule of Law, Respect and Tolerance, Individual Liberty. Fundamental British values underpin what it is to be a citizen in a modern and diverse Great Britain valuing our community and celebrating diversity of the UK. Fundamental British values are not exclusive to being British and are shared by other democratic countries as a way of creating an orderly society, where individual members can feel safe, valued and can contribute for the good of themselves and others.

A social norm is the accepted behavior that an individual is expected to conform to in a particular group, community, or culture. These norms often serve a useful purpose and create the foundation of correct behaviors. In other words, social norms allow you to expect the events that will occur in a particular setting. This allows you to prepare yourself for a situation and reduces the amount of stress that you would feel leading up to a situation that you felt uncertain of what was expected.

Social norms are most noticeable when they are not followed. They remain stable because most people are taught to follow them and agree to do so willingly. Even if a person does not feel like following a social norm, he or she may do it because of the social pressure that is placed on him or her to conform.

For example, in the United States, it is customary to give gifts during the winter holiday season. These gifts may vary from baking cookies for your

neighbor to receiving a holiday bonus at work. It is so much a part of the culture that most people do it automatically.

Let us say that you suddenly decide that you do not want to give gifts during the holidays. It may not be easy to change your actions. If you stop giving gifts, others may think that you are selfish. It might also make you feel uncomfortable when someone gives you a gift. You do not want others to think

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