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European Commission

The European Commission is composed of 20 commissioners (two from Britain) who are nominated by member governments and appointed by common agreement. It puts forward policy proposals, executes decisions taken by the Council of the European Union and ensures that Community rules are correctly observed. The Commission is pledged to act independently of national or sectional interests.

European Parliament

The European Parliament has 626 directly elected members; Britain has 87 seats. The last election to the Parliament was held inJune 1994. The Parliament is consulted on a wide range of issues before the Council takes final decisions. The Commission can be removed from office as a whole by a two-thirds majority of all members of the Parliament. The Parliament adopts the Community's annual budget in agreement with the Council. The European Parliament's legislative involvement was increased by the Single European Act and the Maastricht Treaty.

Court of Justice

The Court of Justice consists of 15 judges. It interprets and adjudicates on the meaning of the Treaties and on measures taken by the Council of the European Union and the Commission. It also hears complaints and appeals brought by or against Union institutions, member states or individuals and gives preliminary rulings on cases referred by courts in the member states. It represents the final authority on all aspects of Community law.

The Single European Act provided for a Court of First Instance to relieve the Court of Justice of a substantial part of its workload. The new court began working in 1989.

Court of Auditors

The Court of Auditors oversees the implementation of the Community's budget. It helps to counter waste and fraud. The Court consists of one member from each state.

Visit the European Union Studies Association web site to see what the UK's leading Research Institute on European Affairs is doing to widen and deepen the European Union. Their site includes publications, programs, conference information, press releases and hot links.

Grammar reference and exercises

1. Pronouns

NOTE: Possessive Adjectives and Possessive Pronouns express possession. Possessive Adjectives go before nouns, whereas Possessive Pronouns do not go before nouns: e.g. This is her jacket. It’s hers.

1.1 Write the correct possessive adjectives for these sentences:

1. These are my parents. (I)

2. I've got ______ watch. (he)

3. Is this ______ car? (you)

4. Do they like ______ new house? (she)

5. Have you met ______ teacher? (they)

6. Who's got ______ money? (I)

7. I don't like ______ teacher. (we)

8. Have you got ______ passport? (you)

9. He forgot ______ keys. (he)

10. They changed ______ hotel. (they)

11. She gave the letter to ______ secretary. (she)

12. There's something wrong with ______ car. (I)

13. They're having a party in ______ garden. (they)

14. Where's ______ pen? (I)

15. I like ______ jacket. (You)

1.2 Write the correct possessive adjective or pronoun for these sentences:

1. Whose camera is this? Is it yours ? (you)

2. Excuse me, those are our seats. (we)

3. Is it _____ suitcase or ______? (you, he)

4. Has the dog had ______ food? (it)

5. They're not ______ keys – they're ______. (I/she)

6. I don't think its ______ room: I think it's ______. (you/they)

7. The police asked me for ______ address. (I)

8. Have you got ______ pen, or would you like to borrow ______? (you/I)

9. ______ garden is bigger than ______. (they/we)

10. I think this is ______ book. Oh no, it's ______. (I/you)

11. The decision is ______. (they)

12. The cat wants ______ dinner. (it)

13. You know it's not ______ money. It's ______. (you/I)

14. It isn't ______ car, it's ______. (he/she)

15. It wasn't ______ mistake, it was ______. (I/they)

16. Have you met ______ mother? (they)

17. ______ parents say the decision is ______. (she/they)

18. ______ brother hasn't got a phone, so he uses ______. (I/we)

19. ______ car wasn't working, so I used ______. (I/he)

20. ______ house is smaller than ______. (we/they)

2. Nouns

A noun can be countable or uncountable: e.g. I eat a banana every day. I like bananas. (A countable noun can be singular or plural.) I eat rice every day. I like rice. (An uncountable noun has only one form). Here are some uncountable nouns:

2.1 Write “C” for countable and “U” for uncountable nouns:

apple; water; boy; milk; table; pen;

bread; cup; computer; money; cheese; tooth;

car; grass; person; road; chair; bicycle; hand; flour; information; butter; sugar; tree;

garden; book; news; bus; wine; house.

2.2 Write the plurals of the words given in brackets to complete these sentences:

1. Would you bring the bottle and some glasses, please? (glass)

2. We cut the cake into _____. (half)

3. We bought some _____ to eat with our _____. (tomato/sandwich)

4. They caught several _____ that afternoon. (fish)

5. It was a shop selling _____ and _____. (stereo/video)

6. Would you like some of these _____? (potato)

7. We saw a cartoon about _____ and _____. (cat/mouse)

8. All the _____ had different coloured _____. (house/roof)

9. It was autumn, and the _____ were falling. (leaf)

10. Did you make these _____? (handkerchief)

11. We use several _____ for painting the _____. (process/car)

12. They have some _____ and a few _____. (chicken/sheep)

13. They visited several _____ that night. (disco)

14. I've read her _____, but I haven't seen any of her _____. (book/play)

15. I bought some _____ for the _____. (shelf/glass)

16. There were _____ of _____ in the factory. (thousand/box)

17. The _____ went in one door and the _____ went in the other. (man/woman)

18. They have a lot of _____ at the moment. (worry)

19. Would you bring the _____ and _____? (knife/fork)

20. The _____ chased the _____ for several miles. (wolf/deer)

3. Adjectives (Comparisons)

3.1 Write the comparative or superlative of the adjectives in brackets:

1. It's warmer today than it was yesterday. (warm)

2. This is the most expensive dress in the shop. (expensive)

3. What's the _____________ mountain in your country? (high)

4. This car is too small. We need to get a _____________ one. (big)

5. It was the _______________________ music I've ever heard. (beautiful)

6. Your computer is _______________________ than mine. (modern)

7. Australia is the earth's _____________continent. (old)

8. My sister was always ______________ than me. (pretty)

9. This year's exam was __________________ than last year's. (difficult)

10. This is the __________________ pan we've got. (large)

Irregular forms:

Comparative constructions:

3.2 Complete these sentences:

1. The weather is much warmer than it usually is at this time. (warm)

2. Going by car took twice as long as going by train. (long)

3. It was by far the worst time of my life. (bad)

4. The train's a lot ____________ all the other ways of getting there. (fast)

5. This exam was a bit _____________________ all the other tests. (easy)

6. I think English spelling is by far ____________________. (difficult)

7. The food isn't nearly ________________ it has been in the past. (good)

8. She's a bit ______________________________ her brother. (sensitive)

9. Flying's a lot _____________________ going by car. (quick)

10. First class is much _________________________ second. (expensive)

11. This is easily ______________________ restaurant in London. (good)

12. Ellen was a bit ________________________ she usually is. (cheerful)

13. He's not nearly ________________________ his sister. (intelligent)

14. The journey was three times ______________ we had expected. (long)

15. The film wasn't ________________ I had thought it would be. (good)