Файл: методичка англ-яз юристы з-о 2013.doc

3. Reported Questions

In reported questions we use the affirmative word order and the question mark changes into a full stop. Pronouns, possessive adjectives, tenses, time expressions etc. change as in statements.

e.g. He asked me, “What time is it?” → He asked me what time it was.

e.g. He asked me, “Did you phone her?” → He asked me if / whether I had phoned her.

3.1 Turn these into indirect questions, beginning I asked:

1. What's Peter's address?

2. When's the new manager coming?

3. How does she know my name?

4. Why are all the windows open?

5. How many books does he want?

6. Where do they keep the money?

7. What time is the meeting?

8. When does the last train leave?

9. How does the photocopier work?

10. How often does Ann go shopping?

3.2 Turn these into indirect questions, beginning I wondered:

1. Do they like me?

2. Will I be ready in time?

3. Is there any food in the house?

4. Is service included or not?

5. Can I pay by cheque?

6. Does my hair look funny?

7. Has the postman been?

8. Do they speak English?

9. Am I doing the right thing?

10. Is the meeting on Tuesday or Wednesday?

^3.3 * Write these sentences as reported questions, using the words given^:

1. 'What's your name?' he asked. (wanted to know) – He wanted to know what my name was.

2. 'How old are you?' she said. (asked) – She asked how old I was.

3. 'When does the train leave?' I asked. (asked)

4. 'How are you?' he said. (asked)

5. 'Who did you see at the meeting?' my mother said. (wanted to know)

6. 'Why did you take my wallet?' he asked. (wanted to know)

7. 'How did you get to school?' she said. (asked)

8. 'Where do you live?' the boy asked. (wanted to know)

9. 'Why wasn't Judy at the party?' she asked. (asked)

10. 'Why didn't you telephone?' my father asked. (wanted to know)

11. 'Why are you so late?' the teacher asked. (demanded to know)

12. 'Why didn't the police report the crime?' the judge asked. (inquired)

13. 'Why won't you let me in?' he shouted. (demanded to know)

14. 'What time does the plane arrive?' we asked. (inquired)

15. 'Who do you want to talk to?' she said. (asked)

4. Reported commands / requests / suggestions

To report commands / requests / suggestions we use a reporting word (ask, order, tell etc.) followed by a “to-infinitive”, a “not to-infinitive” or an

“-ing form” according to the construction of the introductory verb.

e.g. He said to me, “Come with me!” → He told me to go with him.

He said to me, “Don’t lie to me!” → He told me not to lie to him.

He said, “Let’s go out.” → He suggested going out.

4.1 Mrs. Baxton is giving her cleaner instructions about what to do for the day:

1. Clean the bathroom!

2. Make the beds!

3. Don’t forget to tidy the bedroom!

4. Feed the dogs!

5. Sweep the kitchen floor!

6. Remember to water the plants!

7. Don’t leave the rubbish in the kitchen!

8. Do the washing up!

9. Hoover the sitting room!

10. Don’t let anyone into the house!

4.2 Write these sentences in Reported Speech, using the words given. Note that some words may have to be changed:

1. 'Sit down Mary.' (he told) – He told Mary to sit down.

2. 'Don't go near the sea, children.' (the children's mother warned) – The children's mother warned them not to go near the sea.

3. 'Don't be late, Tim.' (Tim's father told)

4. 'Be quiet, children.' (the librarian told)

5. 'Don't shoot, men!' (the officer ordered)

6. 'Have your tickets ready, please.' (the inspector told us)

7. 'Don't use the telephone after eleven o'clock.' (the landlady told us)

8. 'Leave your keys on the desk, please.' (the receptionist told us)

9. 'Have your passports ready, please.' (the customs officer told us)

10. 'Finish the job tonight, please.' (my boss told me)

11. 'Run!' (the general ordered the soldiers)

12. 'Open the door, please.' (my mother told me)

13. 'Don't spend too much money on your holiday.' (my father told me)

14. 'Hurry up.' (he told me)

15. 'Don't be frightened.' (she told me)

5. Revision

5.1 Turn from Direct speech into Reported speech^:

1. "I've finished all my work," she said.

2. "Why are you looking at me like that?" she asked him.

3. "Don't play with matches," his mother said.

4. "I've forgotten to bring my lunch with me," he said.

5. "Will you be home soon?" she asked her husband.

6. "Go to bed!" Father said to the children.

7. "I'll clean the car tomorrow," Tim said to his father.

8. "Where have you been?" Gary asked his wife.

9. "I've been working for the same company since 1960," he said to me.

10. "Do you know Garfield?" she asked me.

5.2 Change these sentences to indirect speech (reported some time later):

1. He's ill. (She thought)

2. I'll be back tomorrow. (He said)

3. I don't like this music. (She said)

4. Where's the bus station? (She asked me)

5. Have you finished? (I asked him)

6. Nobody loves me. (I felt)

7. Do you want tea or coffee? (He asked her)

8. I'll clean the flat. (She offered)

9. When is the car going to be ready? (I asked)

10. What am I doing here? (I wondered)

11. The earth is not flat. (He proved)

12. These figures can't be right. (I knew)

13. Her cat understands everything she says. (She thought)

14. What does the boss want? (I asked)

15. Did Mary phone back? (I wondered)

16. Did dinosaurs lay eggs? (I wondered)

17. You ought to see the doctor. (He advised me)

18. Would you like a drink? (She asked him)

5.3 If the sentence is correct, put a tick (۷). If it is wrong, write the correct variant:

1. Shakespeare told his wife that you don't understand my work.

2. I don't know what does this word mean.

3. Please tell me what you want.

4. I asked what the time was.

5. Mary asked me where Bill lived?

5.4 Read the letter and then complete the text:

Dear all,

Sorry I haven't written for a few weeks. I've been too busy. I'm having a great time; I'm going to parties every night. I'm doing a bit of work too. We had an exam last week. I hope I'll get good marks.

I only have one shirt – I've lost the others. Mum, can you buy me six more? And I can’t find my raincoat. Is it at home?

My room, here isn’t very nice – I’ll have to look for a better one. And the food here in college isn’t much good, so I'm living on hamburgers. I've spent nearly all my money. Dad, can you send some more?

Can you give me Aunt Ellen's address? And I haven't heard from Sarah. Where is she living? And does John want to come and spend two or three days down here with me?

That's all for now. Love to everybody.

Joe

In his letter Joe said he was sorry that he hadn’t written for a few weeks. It was because he l ____ too busy. He 2 ____ his family that he 3 ____ a great time, but he 4 ____ some work too. He said he 5 ____ an exam 6 ____ week, and he hoped he 7 ____ get good marks. Joe 8 ____ that he only 9 ____ one shirt, because he 10 ____ the others. He asked his mother 11 ____ him six more. And he asked 12 ____ his raincoat 13 ____ at home.

His room 14 ____ not very nice, he said, so he 15 ____ have to look for a better one. And because of the bad college food he 16 ____ on hamburgers.

He said he 17 ____ nearly all his money, and asked his father 18 ____ him some more. Joe also asked his family 19 ____ him his Aunt Ellen's address. And he 20 ____ them that he 21 ____ from Sarah, and asked 22 ____ she 23 ____. At the end of the letter, Joe asked 24 ____ John 25 ____ to go and spend a few days with him.

Passive Voice

1. Formation and uses

Note: PP = Participle Two or Past Participle (regular verbs + -ed; irregular verb – see the third column of the table)

The passive is used:

1. When the agent (the person who does the action) is unknown, unimportant or obvious from the context.

^{e.g. My car was stolen yesterday. (unknown agent)}

The road repairs were completed last week. (unimportant agent)

The kidnappers have been arrested. (by the police – obvious agent)

2. When the action is more important than the agent – as in news reports, formal notices, instructions, processes, headlines, advertisements etc.

e.g. Taking pictures is not allowed. (written notice)

The local bank was robbed this morning. (news report)

Bread is baked in an oven for about 45 minutes. (process)

^{3. To put emphasis on the agent.}

e.g. The Tower of London was built by William the Conqueror.

4. To make statements more polite or formal.

e.g. My new suit has been burnt. (It’s more polite than saying “You’ve burnt my new suit.”)

1.1 Complete the sentences with a Present Simple Passive. Use the following verbs:

Ship, pick, drink, take, dry, roast, prepare, sell, sort, plant Growing and preparing coffee.

1. The soil is prepared.

2. The seeds ____.

3. The berries ____ by hand.

4. They ____ to a factory.

5. They ____ in the sun.

6. They ____ by hand.

7. They ____ all over the world.

8. They ____ in ovens at the factory.

9. The coffee ____ in the shops.

10. It ____ in offices and homes everywhere.

1.2 Complete these sentences in the passive using is, are, was or were and a word from the box:

Grown, cut, taught, locked, sent, explained, killed, given, built, driven

1. His father was killed in the war.

2. The grass is never cut in the winter.

3. When ____ these houses ____?

4. You can't go into the school. The gates ____ always ____ at 4.30.

5. ____ these potatoes ____ in your garden?

6. I ____ a beautiful gold watch.

7. We take the bus to work during the week so the car ____ only ____ at weekends.

8. The problem ____ to us very clearly.

9. This letter ____ never ____.

10. Children ____ not ____ any languages at primary school now.

1.3 Rewrite these sentences, putting the verbs in the passive:

1. My car / damage / last night. (past) – My car was damaged last night.

2. This computer / make / in the USA. (present) – This computer is made in the USA.

3. The machines / make / in Scotland. (present)

4. The President / kill / last night. (past)

5. The money / change into dollars / at the bank. (present)

6. The parcel / post / yesterday. (past)

7. Cheese / make / from milk. (present)

8. The children / give / some food. (past)

9. The house / paint / every year. (present)

^{10. Several people / hurt / in an accident last night. (past)}

^{1.4 Complete the sentences using one of these verbs in the correct form – Present Simple or Past Simple:}