Файл: методичка англ-яз юристы з-о 2013.doc

She'll probably be promoted, (not sure yet)

Time expressions: tomorrow, tonight, next week / month, in two / three etc days, the day after tomorrow, soon, in a week / month etc

7.1 Read these famous failed predictions. Then complete the sentence using will + the verb in brackets:

1. We are in September 1914: according to most newspapers in Britain and Germany, the war (be) will be over by Christmas. They cannot imagine that the war (continue) _______ until 1918, and (claim) _______ the lives of about 9 million in the military and a further 7 million civilians.

2. We are in 1919: according to geologist Albert Porta, the conjunction of six planets (cause) _______ the Sun to explode. In fact, the Sun (probably destroy) _______ the Earth one day, when it becomes a red giant in about 4.5 billion years.

3. We are in 1977: according to Ken Olson, head of a computer company, people (never want) _______ a computer in the home. Latest predictions (2005) suggest that computer ownership (reach) _______ 1.3 billion machines worldwide by 2010.

4. We are in 1999: according to many scientists, computers (crash) _______ and (cause) _______ chaos on the first day of the new millennium.

5. And one to look forward to: according to the Aztec calendar, the world (come) _______ to an end on 22 December 2012. We (have to) _______ wait and see.

7.2 Complete the sentence with will + a verb from the list:

1. Most people know that London will hold the 2012 summer Olympic Games.

2. Most of the Games_______ in three areas of London: in the Olympic Park in East London; along the River Thames; and in Central London. 3. The Olympic Village, in the same area, _______ accommodation for over 17,000 athletes.

4. A new railway link _______ spectators to the Olympic Park.

5. The organizers _______ 8 million tickets for the Olympic Games, and a further 1.6 million for the Paralympics.

6. 75% of the tickets _______ less than £70.

7. For some events the Games _______ well-known places in Central London such as Hyde Park and Horse Guards Parade.

7.3 Write these sentences, putting the verbs into the future simple:

1. I'm sure he (not be) late. – I'm sure he won't be late.

2. (I open) the window for you? – Shall I open the window for you?

3. How long (the journey take?)

4. I suppose (she be) in London next week.

5. John (phone) your office for you.

6. (There be) a lot of people at the meeting?

7. What time (the race start?)

8. He (never agree) to your idea.

9. You (never see) your money again.

10. What's the matter? (I phone) the doctor?

11. Don't worry. I (pay) for the damage to your car.

12. (You be) at home tomorrow?

13. The company (not give) you an extra day's holiday.

14. Don't touch that! You (hurt) yourself!

15. There (not be) any newspapers tomorrow.

Use (to be going to do something)

1. actions intended to be performed in the near future

She's going to visit her parents tomorrow.

2. planned actions or intentions

Now that they've settled in their new house, they're going to have a party.

3. evidence that something will definitely happen in the near future

Ann is going to have a baby.

Look at the dark clouds in the sky It's going to rain.

4. things we are sure about or we have already decided to do in the near future

He's going to be promoted. (The boss has decided to do it.)

Time expressions: tomorrow, tonight, next week / month, in two / three etc days, the day after tomorrow, soon, in a week / month etc.

7.4 Write the correct form of “going to” and use one of these verbs to complete the sentences. Use each verb once only:

Finish, complain, fall off, be, miss, die, rain, drive, work, fail

1. Look at those clouds! It is going to rain!

2. Look at the sun! It ______________ hot today.

3. Susan's not working very hard. I think she ________________ her exams.

4. He's very angry. He ________________ to the manager.

5. It's nearly four o'clock. The lesson ________________ soon.

6. I don't like travelling by plane. I _____________________ there.

7. This plan is too complicated. It (not) _____________________.

8. The President's very ill. I think he ______________________.

9. Watch the baby! She ______________________ the bed!

10. This bus is very slow. I think we _______________ the train.

7.5 Supply the “going to” or present continuous for these sentences:

1. We _______ at home tonight. (stay) – We're going to stay at home tonight./We're staying at home tonight.

2. Look at the sky. It ______ tomorrow. (rain) – Look at the sky. It's going to rain tomorrow.

3. We ________________________ at a restaurant tonight. (eat)

4. They ____________________ to Manchester tomorrow morning. (drive)

5. I ____________________ my teeth, have a wash, and go to bed. (brush)

6. Be careful with that plate! You ________________________ it! (break)

7. My parents _______________________ with us for the weekend. (stay)

8. Who _____________________________________ him the news? (tell)

9. Hurry up! We _________________________________ the train! (miss)

10. How many people ______________________________ today? (arrive)

11. They ________________________ Nick at 10 o'clock tomorrow. (see)

12. I ____________________________ to the seaside next weekend. (go)

13. Who _____________________________ to John's party later? (come)

14. Bring your hat and gloves – it ___________________ cold later tonight. (get)

15. Mary __________________________ to Barbados next Tuesday. (fly)

16. Our friends ________________________ us before the concert. (meet)

17. We ______________________ into our new house next month. (move)

7.6* Complete the text with the Present Simple or will-form of the verb in brackets:

The future of our solar system

The Sun 1) (continue) will continue much as it is today until it 2) (enter) _______ its red giant phase in 4 to 5 billion years. Then, the core 3) (grow) _______ smaller and hotter until it finally 4) (finish) _______ burning the fuel in its nuclear core. When this 5) (occur) _______ the core 6) (become) _______ so dense that helium fusion will begin. When the helium atoms 7) (collide) _______, they 8) (form) _______ carbon (from 3 helium atoms) and oxygen (from 4 helium atoms). When this process 9) (begin) _______ the Sun 10) (produce) _______ enormous amounts of energy. The Sun 11) (grow) _______ larger as this energy 12) (increase) _______. It 13) (be) _______ over a hundred times its present size by the time it 14) (stop) _______ growing. This is why we use the term red giant. As the Sun 15) (expand) _______, it is probable that it 16) (absorb) _______ the Earth. When the Sun 17) (use) _______ up all its energy, it 18) (become) _______ a small white dwarf, and 19) (not make) _______ any more energy. After a few billion years, when it is completely cool, it 20) (be) _______ just a cold dark object.

7.7 Write these sentences, putting the verbs into the future simple or present simple:

1. I (give) it to them when they (visit) us. – I’ll give it to them when they visit us.

2. I (not send) the parcel until I (hear) from you. – I won't send the parcel until I hear from you.

3. As soon as they (phone) me, I (contact) you.

4. I (see) you before I (fly) to Paris.

5. They (send) you the money before they (leave).

6. When I (talk) to him, I (give) him your news.

7. She (visit) her parents before she (go) to the airport.

8. I (finish) this when I (be) at the office.

9. I (send) you a postcard when I (get) to Bermuda.

10. She (do) her homework before she (go) out.

11. After I (visit) the hospital, I (go) and see her parents.

12. I (phone) Mary when we (get) to San Francisco.

13. I (call) you as soon as we (sign) the contract.

14. He (not do) anything before you (tell) him to.

15. You (be) very surprised when you (meet) him.

8. Present Perfect

Use

1. recently completed actions

She has tidied her room. (She has finished tidying her room. You can see it is tidy now. – evidence in the present)

2. actions which happened at an unstated past time and are connected with the present

He has lost his keys. (He is still looking for them.)

3. personal experiences / changes which have happened

I’ve lost 10 kilos.

4. emphasis on number

She's written three letters since this morning. She has called on two clients since 12 o'clock.

Time expressions: just, ever, never, already, yet (negations & questions), always, how long, so far, recently, since (= from a starting point in the past), for (= over a period of time), today, this week/month etc

Note: live, feel and work can be used either in the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Cont. with no difference in meaning.

I’ve been living / I’ve lived in Rome for a year.

8.1 Read these sentences about fish. Then put the verb in brackets into present perfect simple form:

About 15% of protein eaten by humans 1) (always come) has always come from fish. Recently, however, the number of fish 2) (fall) _______. Several things 3) (cause) _______ this problem. Most scientists agree that governments 4) (not do) _______ enough to stop overfishing. This means that fish populations 5) (grow) _______ smaller. Many fish 6) (not reproduce) _______ fast enough to replace their numbers. The population of North Sea cod, for example, 7) (reach) _______ a dangerous level. EU laws 8) (reduce) _______ the numbers of fishing boats. As a result, many fishermen in traditional fishing ports 9) (lose) _______ their jobs. In recent years, fish in the UK 10) (become) _______ expensive, and many people 11) (stop) _______ eating it.

8.2 Use the prompts to make a question:

e.g. you / ever / see a humming bird? – Have you ever seen a humming bird? It's the world smallest bird.

1. you / ever / read War and Peace? It's one of the longest 19th-century novels.

2. you / ever / visit San Marino? It's Europe’s second smallest country.

3. you / ever / swim in the Pacific Ocean? It's the largest ocean in the world.

4. you / ever / take a trip to the Sahara Desert? It's one of the hottest places in the world.

9. Past simple

Use

1. past actions which happened one after the other

She sealed the letter, put a stamp on it and posted it

2. past habit or state

He used to go/went to school on foot

3. complete action or event which happened at a stated past time

She called an hour ago. (When? An hour ago.)

Action which happened at a definite past time although the time is not mentioned. This action is not connected with the present Shakespeare wrote a lot of plays. (Shakespeare is now dead; he won't write again. - period of time now finished)

Time expressions: yesterday, last week etc, (how long) ago, then, just now, when, in the 1945 etc.

9.1 Complete the sentences with the past simple form of the verb in brackets:

Aztec civilization 1) (develop) developed in the Valley of Mexico, 7,500 feet above sea level. The Aztecs 2) (leave) _______ their own land of Aztlan at some time during the 12th or 13th century. They 3) (believe) _______ that Huitzilopochtli their war god 4) (want) _______ them to search for a new land. They 5) (arrive) _______ in the Valley of Mexico during the 12th or 13th century AD. They 6) (build) _______ their capital city, Tenochtitlan, on an island in Lake Texcoco. They 7) (plant) _______ trees on the island to make the land better, 8) (work) _______ hard and 9) (improve) _______ the land. When the Spanish 10) (arrive) _______ in 1519, Montezuma, the Aztec ruler, 11) (think) _______ that Cortez was a returning god. When the Spanish 12) (see) _______ the Aztecs' gold, they 13) (decide) _______ to conquer the city. Later they 14) (kill) _______ Montezuma, 15) (defeat) _______ the Aztecs and 16) (destroy) _______ Aztec religion and culture.