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INFORMATION FOR RELATED ASSIGNMENTS

GUIDELINES FOR WRITING AN ACADEMIC ESSAY

Essays, in the required word length, should have a title page providing the title of the essay, the student’s name and/or candidate number (as specified in the module specification), programme, module, lecturer’s name, date of submission. It is highly recommended to have a separate page as a table of content, listing the headings of the chapters and sub-chapters and the respective page numbers. If necessary, a page providing abbreviations, survey of tables, figures, or similar, should follow.

Clarify the meaning of a given essay topic or field of research. Relate it to your lecture notes and what you have read during the teaching period. An essay question always contains a question you need to answer, or a thesis you are expected to discuss. It is essential that you focus your essay accordingly. This will help you structure your material and to decide on what is relevant or irrelevant for your work. Seek help if you are in any doubt about remit of the topic.

The structure of the essay should reflect a logical arrangement, and it should be an argumentative essay. Structure your essay clearly: introduction, main section(s), conclusion, and bibliography (mention only books and other sources that you have actually quoted in your essay). The essay should start with a clear outline of its aim and an overview of its structure. The introduction should also indicate why your topic is of interest and relevance, what the essay attempts to achieve, and what you have established to be the main conflicting views (if any). The body of the text (i.e. the main sections) should reflect a critical engagement with existing literature. It should unfold the main line(s) of your argument as backed up by relevant quotations. Quotes from the literature need to be contextualised and commented on. Do not leave quotations uncommented and make the relevance of the quotation for your argument clear. Where necessary and/or appropriate, examples should be provided. The conclusion should not be a mere summary of the body of the text, but should be devoted to discussing the consequences of the topic/question/hypothesis etc. studied. If explicitly required, an abstract is to precede the essay (after the title page).

Style:

Avoid using the first person singular (“I think that…, in my opinion…” etc). Do not use commonplaces or state the obvious. Avoid paraphrasing the material you have read; your job is to interpret it critically. What you argue in your essay has to be supported by evidence (e.g. data in your corpus and/or quotes from primary or secondary sources. The exact location of quotes needs to be referenced properly.

Format:

Use word-processing software. Handwritten essays are not acceptable. Take advantage of the spell-checking facilities. Use the software facilities for automatic numbering of pages and footnotes (if any). Use Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc) rather than roman numerals (I, II, III, etc) or symbols (*). Seek help from IT support personnel if unsure about software facilities.

All quotes must be indicated by quotation marks. Make sure you understand the crucial difference between plagiarism (disciplinary offence) and quoting (the very characteristic of an academic essay)!! The essay must be typed double spaced throughout on one side of A4 paper, with wide margins. Use at least a 12-point font. Titles and section headings should be clear and brief. Lengthy quotations (over 40 words) should be displayed, indented, in the text. Tables and figures (if used) should have short descriptive titles.

Notes should only be used for additional information or explanations. They should be indicated by superscript numbers in the text and appear as footnotes on the respective page. References cited in the text should read as follows:

• direct citation: Nord (1997: 55)

• reference to publication: Nord (1997), Nord (1991, 1997), Hatim and Mason (1997)

• Use ‘et al.’ for more than two authors

• The letters a, b, c, etc. should be used for different works by the same author in the same year.

All text references should be listed alphabetically (by author or editor) at the end under the heading References. For each title, the following information is to be provided: author, year of publication, title, where published, town of publication, publisher, page numbers. For journals, the volume, the issue, and the page numbers need to be provided.

GUIDELINES FOR THE PROJECT WORK

The basis of the project method constitutes development of informative, creative skills, and also students’ ability to construct individually their knowledge, ability to orient in the informative area, development of critical thinking.

The method of projects always orients on independent work of students – individual, pair and group works, which students make during certain period of time. This approach harmonically combines in cooperating with the method of studying.

The method of projects always assumes the decision of some problem providing on the one hand use of various methods with another - integration of knowledge, abilities from different areas of a science, techniques, technology, creative areas.

Improvement of cognitive skills at students, ability to form individually their knowledge, ability to orient in the informative area, improvement of critical thinking all lay on method of projects. Results of fulfilled projects should be so-called “tangible”, i.e. if it is a theoretical problem it will need concrete decision; if it is a practical one it will need concrete result ready for an implementation.

T he work on method of projects assumes not only presence and realization of such problem but also the process of its openings, decisions, that include accurate planning of actions, presence of decision’s intention and hypothesis, accurate distribution( if it means group work) of roles, i.e. tasks for every participant under the assumption of close cooperation. The method of project making is used only in that case when in studying process appears any research, creative challenge for which dissolving needs interconnected knowledge from various fields, also the using of research techniques.

For the method of project making increasingly substantive the question of practical, theoretical and significance of expanding purviews of supposed results.

Work on the project is carefully planned and discussed by students under the supervising by the teacher. Thus it is carried out a detailed planning of a substantial part of the project with the indication of stage-by-stage results and terms of "public" results representation, i.e. other students of group, or for example the external user of the Internet which is not having the direct attitude to process of training

Research methods of teaching lie in the basis of educational projects. All students’ activity is focused on the following stages:

1. Decision of the problem and followed research tasks;

2. Advancement of hypothesis of solution them;

3. Discussion of research methods;

4. Conducting of assemblage data;

5. Analysis of received data;

6. Mounting of ultimate results;

7. Summarizing, correction, conclusions (use during joint research of a method of "brain storm", "a round table", statistical methods, creative reports, viewings and other).

The procedure of project presentation includes:

1. The title

2. The list of participants and their roles

3. Script

4. PowerPoint papers

5. Version on CD

GUIDELINES ON COLLOQUIUM AND ROUND TABLE DISCUSSIONS

Colloquium

Colloquium - from Latin, conversation, from colloqu , to talk together : com-, com- + loqu , to speak; see tolkw- in Indo-European roots

Colloquium is an informal meeting for the exchange of views.

Colloquium is an academic seminar on a broad field of study, usually led by an instructor at each meeting.

Colloquium is an academic meeting or seminar usually led by an instructor and on a different topic at each meeting.

Research colloquium is a colloquium at which the results of (scientific) research are reported.

Papers with the results of analysis have to be sent to the instructor by e-mail. The procedure of passing the colloquium is a discussion with the instructor on the indicated dates.

Round table discussions

Method of “Round table” is the main form of organization of exchange of opinions. The teacher's role has a new objective: to teach how to search for this information, be critical of and interact with it, and use it for the holistic development of each person. New technologies, and specifically, telematics are very useful tools, because they allow contact and exchange of knowledge among people through collaborative work.  This is also an excellent information source.

This new type of work is a first step to be able to eradicate prejudices: those attitudes which take differences not as implying people's right to their own identity (cultural diversity), but as the justification for another kind of right which creates servitude.