Файл: Дрёмов С.В., Сёмин И.Р. - Измененные состояния сознания.pdf
ВУЗ: Не указан
Категория: Не указан
Дисциплина: Не указана
Добавлен: 10.10.2020
Просмотров: 2741
Скачиваний: 8
111
4/-D+1;-.
6/88-6.+2
4 /6*@I5H?+,
,+*/,
,
3*-D4.528-1+;
,
3*+4@.4.2@H?+-
2 +1D+2+D@58A1/0
34+:+6-
,
4/-D+1;H.
4@7R-6.5
4 /7?-4.2/,
.
./,
+ 2 D*@=/,
48@95-
+,--.
,-4./
.*514B/*,5F+;
.*-2/=+
2
E,/F++
+
9@24.25
.
[4]
/8A
+6€*
(
*
.1913) -
B*51F@C46+0
B+8/4/B
,
3*-D4.52+.-8A
*-8+=+/C1/0
B-1/,-1/8/=+9-46/0
=-*,-1-2.+6+
.
[5]
-*-1
A-*6-=/*
(1813-1855) -
D5.46+0
.-/8/=
,
B+8/4/B
+ 3+45.-8A
,
*/D/15958A1+6
4@7R-6.+2
-
1/0
(
E6C+4.-1F+58A1/0
)
D+58-6.+6+
;
4 E6C+4.-1F+58A1/
-
34+:/8/=+9-46+:
3/C+F+0
/7/41/258
:*+
-
4.+5146@H
*-8+=+/C1/4.A
.
[6]
../
!*+D*+:
/8A1/-
(
*
. 1903) -
1-,-F6+0
B+8/4/B
,
3*+D58
E6C+4.-1F+58A1/0
B+8/4/B++
/3.+,+4.+9-46+0
,
I+C1-@.2-*ID5H?+0
:5*56.-*
.
6.2.
!
3*-D-8+2
3*-D,-.
E.1+9-46/0
34+:/8/=++
+ 4/F+/6@8A.@*1G0
6/1.-64.
+448-D/251+;
,
,G
,/I-,
3-*-0.+
6 6/16*-.1G,
2/3*/45,
4.51/28-1+;
+1D+2+D@58A1/=/
+ 6/88-6.+21/=/
45,/4/C15
-
1+;
.
D-4A
,
2 /.8+9+-
/.
,1/=/9+48-11G:
*57/.
3/
E./0
.-,-
,
,G
@D-8+,
21+,51+-
8+<A
.-,
2/
-
3*/45,
,
6/./*G-
*546*G25H.
6@8A.@*1/
-
+4./*+9-46/-
4.51/28-1+-
45,/4/C151+;
2 42;C+
4 E6C+
-
4.-1F+58A1/0
5D53.5F+-0
.
-*2G0
,+B/8/=+9-46+0
E.53
*5C2+.+;
6/88-6.+21/=/
45,/4/C151+;
-
,+B/8/=+9-46/-
,G<8-1+-
,
3*+4@?--
85.-1.1G,
@*/21;,
45,/4/C151+;
+ 34+:+6-
65ID/=/
4/
-
2*-,-11/=/
9-8/2-65
/.1/4+.4;
6 6@8A.@*1/
-
+4./*+9-46/0
E3/:-
./.-,+C,5
.
C@95;
4/D-*I51+-
+ B@16F+H
./.-,+4.+9-46+:
3*-D4.528-1+0
,
,G
1-3/4*-D4.2-11/
6545-,4;
E6C+4.-1F+58A1/
-
51.*/3/8/=+9-46/=/
543-6.5
,+B/8/=+9-46/=/
@*/21;
4/C151+;
+ 34+:/35./8/=+9-46+:
3*/78-,
.
/=8541/
3/C+F++
7/8A<+14.25
*511+:
+ 4/2*-,-11G:
+448-D/25.-8-0
./.-,+C,5
,
3/48-D1+0
,
3*-D<-4.2@H?+0
51+,+C,@
+ <5,51+C,@
,
3*-D4.528;-.
4/7/0
3-*2/15958A1@H
B/*,@
24;6/0
*-
-
8+=++
2//7?-
.
-8+=+/C15;
(
42;C@H?5;
)
B@16F+;
./.-,+C,5
2G*5I-15
2 ./.-,+4.+9-46+:
3*-D
-
4.528-1+;:
/ -D+14.2-
9-8/2-9-46/=/
6/88-6.+25
4 1-/D@<-28-11/0
+ /D@<-28-11/0
3*+*/D/0
.
G<8-1+-
,
2/C1+6<--
2 ./.-,+C,-
+ +C2-4.1/-
656
,+B/8/=+9-46/-
,
:5*56.-*+C@-.4;
/4/7G,
*521/2-4+-,
9@24.25
+ *5C@,5
.
1/
544/F+5.+21/
,
+43/8AC@-.
4+,2/8+6@
,
4.*/+.4;
15
/7*5C1G:
+
5BB-6.+21/
154G?-11G:
,-.5B/*5:
.
5+7/8--
3*/4./-
/7/C159-1+-
,+B/8/=+9-46/=/
,G<8-
-
1+;
,/I1/
4D-85.A
,
15C252
-=/
248-D
C5
.
@1D./,
5BB-6.+21G,
,G<8-1+-,
".
/
E.5
4@=@7/
B-1/,-1/8/=+9-465;
:5*56.-*+4.+65
,58/
9./
D5-.
D8;
3/1+,51+;
B@16F+0
./.-,+4.+9-46/=/
,G<8-1+;
.
-4/,G0
2685D
2 *546*G.+-
-=/
B@16F+/158A1G:
:5*56.-*+4.+6
4D-858
.
-2+
-
*H8A
,
+43/8AC@H?+0
DH*6=-0,/246/-
3/1;.+-
"
6/88-6.+21G-
3*-D4.528-1+;
".
56
+C2-4.1/
,
2 /7?-34+
-
:/8/=+9-46/,
6/1.-64.-
3*-D4.528-1+;
3/1+,5H.4;
656
B56.G
3*-+,@?-4.2-11/
+1.-88-6.@58A
-
1/=/
+ 3/C1525.-8A1/=/
:5*56.-*5
.
.
-2+
-
*H8A
(1994)
3/D
6/88-6.+21G,+
3*-D4.528-1+;,+
3*-D8/I+8
3/1+,5.A
1-
3/C1525.-8A1G0
B-1/,-1
"
2 -=/
9+4./,
+8+
3/9.+
9+4./,
2+D-
,
1/
=/*5C
-
D/
7/8--
48/I1/-
;28-1+-
,
2 6/./*/,
./
,
9./
49+.5-.4;
@ 154
4/74.2-11/
"
3*-D4.528-1+;,+
",
4,-<51/
-?-
4 D*@=+,+
E8-,-1.5,+
E,/F+/158A1/=/
+ 2/8-2/=/
3/*;D65
,
/6*5<-1/
+8+
3*/3+.5
-
1/
+,+
".
.4HD5
.
-2+
-
*H8A
2G2/D+.
42/-
3/1+,51+-
"
3*58/=+9-46/=/
,G<8-1+;
",
1-3/4*-D4.
-
2-11/
D-.-*,+1+*/2511/=/
5BB-6.5,+
.
-
/.65CG25;
3-*2/7G.1/,@
9-8/2-6@
2 43/4/71/4.+
,G48+.A
8/=+9-46+
, .
-2+
-
*H8A
3+<-.
/ 4/4@?-4.2/251++
D2@:
B/*,
,G<8-1+;
@ /D1/=/
+ ./=/
I-
9-8/2-65
,
2 /D1/0
+ ./0
I-
6@8A.@*-
.
+B/8/=+9-46/-
,G<8-1+-
CD-4A
1-
/785D5-.
1+
7/8A
-
<-0
,
1+
,-1A<-0
F-11/4.AH
3/
4*521-1+H
4 8/=+9-46+,
.
!@1D5,-1.58A1G-
6/=1+.+21G-
B@16F++
,
:5*56.-*+C@H?+-
,G<8-1+-
656
.56/2/-
,
3*+4@?+
+ ,+B/8/=+9-46/,@
,G<8-1+H
.
56
3+<-.
. .
507@*+1
(19916,
4
.82), .
-2+
-
.*/4
2 42/-0
.-/*++
,+B/8/=+9-46/=/
,G<8-1+;
D/65C58
,
9./
E.5
B/*,5
,G<8-1+;
"
/785D5-.
D/4.5./91/
,/?1G,
,
:/.;
+ =*/,/CD6+,
,
8/=+9-46+,
5335*5./,
,
6/./*G0
D/4.+=5-.
+46/,G:
F-8-0
/6/8A1G,
3@.-,
".
.
-2+
-
.*/45
,+B
-
E./
4*-D
-
112
4.2/
*5C*-<-1+;
3*/.+2/*-9+0
3@.-,
C5,-1G
7/8--
574.*56.1/0
/33/C+F++
,-1--
574.*56.1/0
(
.5,
I-
).
/=8541/
.
!
.
/4-2@
(1993,
4
.321),
2 ,+B/8/=+9-46/,
,G<8-1++
"
D-04.2@H.
,
2 4@?1/4.+
,
.-
I-
65.-=/*++
,
6/./*G-
8-I5.
+ 2 /41/2-
,5.-,5.+9-46/=/
-4.-4.2/C151+;
,
1/
3*-D4.528-1G
/1+
2 /4/7/0
"
,/D58A1/4.+
"".
56
3+458
.
&1=
(19936,
4
.321),
3-*2/7G.1G0
9-8/2-6
D@,5-.
+4:/D;
+C
D*@=+:
3*-D3/4G8/6
,
5 3/
C5,-951+H
.
58+1/246/=/
(1994,
4
.97)
,+B/8/=+9-46/-
,G<8-1+-
/.
-
8+95-.4;
/.
*5F+/158A1/=/
/.1-4-11/4.AH
6 D*@=/0
6@8A.@*1/0
.*5D+F++
.
+B/8/=+9-46/-
,G<
-
8-1+-
,
3+<-.
.
-2+
-
*H8A
(1994,
4
.28),
/.8+91/
3/
42/-0
B@16F+/158A1/0
C159+,/4.+
,
/1/
+,-
-
-.
"
+1@H
@4.51/26@
4/C151+;
2 /.1/<-1++
3*-D3/85=5-,G:
/7R-6./2
".
48+
8/=+9-46/-
,G<8-1+-
3*-D3/85=5-.
3/C151+-
21-<1-0
D-04.2+.-8A1/4.+
,
./
,+B/8/=+9-46/-
"
/7/41/251/
.*514F-1D-1
-
.58A1/0
1-/7:/D+,/4.AH
" (
/4-2
, 1993).
56+,
/7*5C/,
,
,/I1/
465C5.A
,
9./
8/=+9-46/-
,G<8-1+-
E64.*52-*.1/
+ 48@I+.
4+4.-,5.+C5F++
D511G:
21-<1-=/
,+*5
,
5 ,+B/8/=+9-46/-
153*528-1/
2/
-
21@.*A
+ 3*+C251/
/748@I+25.A
5BB-6.+21G-
3/.*-71/4.+
9-8/2-65
.
+B/8/=+9-46/-
,G<8-1+-
15+8@9<+,
/7*5C/,
43*528;-.4;
4 @65C511/0
C5D59-0
.
-.5B+C+9-
-
465;
.*-2/=5
,
42;C5115;
4 B56./,
/4/C151+;
2GD-8-11/4.+
,
3*/-F+*@-.4;
2/
21-<1+0
,+*
+ 159+
-
15-.
2/43*+1+,5.A4;
656
4,@.15;
@=*/C5
,
+4:/D;?5;
+C21-
,
/.
1-3/4*-D4.2-11/=/
/6*@I-1+;
-
*+*/DG
.
.4HD5
B*/,,/246/-
3/1+,51+-
.*-2/=+
656
48-D4.2+;
2GD-8-11/4.+
+C
*+*/DG
,
3/
-
.-*+
3-*2/15958A1G:
@C
+ /.9@ID-11/4.+
(
!*/,,
, 1990
7
,
4
.26).
-ID@
.-,
,
656
3*-D4.528;-.4;
,
2
E./,
3/1+,51++
2G*5I-15
1-
24;
3*52D5
.
*-2/=5
8+<A
2/43*+1+,5-.4;
95?-
2 43*/-F+*/2511/,
15*@I@
+ 2./*+91/,
2+D-
.
42/04.2-11/
E./
656
9-8/2-6@
E3/:+
./.-,+C,5
,
.56
+ 15<-,@
4/2*-
-
,-11+6@
.
64.-*+/*+C5F+H
.*-2/=+
,/I-.
1578HD5.A
8H7/0
9-8/2-6
,
C578@D+2<+04;
2 8-4@
.
+
-
65;
3*+*/D5
656
7G
3*-D*543/85=5-.
6 3*/-6F++
2 1--
1@,+1/C1/=/
.
-44/C15.-8A1/4.A
,
1-7G.+-
+
D+6+0
8-4
,
=*/C;?+0
=+7-8AH
,
2/43*+1+,5H.4;
4 /D+156/2/0
5BB-6.+21/0
/6*546/0
.
/
/3*-D-
-
8-1+H
+C2-4.1/=/
4/F+/8/=5
*-8+=++
.
H0/
(1908,
4
.25), "
2 =8@7/6/0
95?-
8-45
2+.5-.
656/0
-
./
"
42;?-11G0
@I54
"...
8-4
-
E./
2-915;
1/9A
".
+16*-.+C,
,+B/8/=+9-46/=/
,G<8-1+;
,
-=/
1-9@24.
-
2+.-8A1/4.A
6 *5C8+9+;,
,G48+,/=/
+ *-58A1/=/
,
21@.*-11-=/
+ 21-<1-=/
1-*-D6/
15CG25H.
42/04.2/,
3*+,+.+21/=/
,
1-*5C2+./=/
@,5
.
/
E./0
I-
3*+9+1-
56.@58+C5F+;
,+B/8/=+9-46/=/
,G<8-1+;
2 6*+C+41G:
4/4./;1+;:
@ 15<+:
4/2*-,-11+6/2
*544,5.*+25-.4;
2 3851-
*-=*-44++
.
-ID@
.-,
,
3-*-D
8+F/,
,-.5B+C+9-46/0
.*-2/=+
,
C53/81;H?-0
24-
3@4./.G
7G.+;
,
4+16*-.+C,
;28;-.4;
-D+14.2-11G,
43/4/7/,
4/:*51-1+;
45,/4/C151+;
.
85=/D5*;
E./,@
42/04.2@
,+B/8/
-
=+9-46/=/
,G<8-1+;
,-.5B+C+9-465;
.*-2/=5
+ 4.*5:
3-*-D
D+6/0
3*+*/D/0
4/235D5H.
D/
1-*5C
-
8+9+,/4.+
,
48+.G
2/-D+1/
.
D1/2*-,-11/
4 .-,
,
656
*+*/D5
/425+25-.4;
+ 4.51/2+.4;
D/,/,
,
=D-
,1/=/-
C156/,/
+ 3/+,-1/251/
,
6/=D5
4 1-0
@4.51/28-15
42;CA
+ 2/C,/I1/
2C5+,/D-04.2+-
,
@=*/C5
1-7G.+;
@:/D+.
248-D
C5
D-C56.@58+C5F+-0
.*-2/=+
+C21-
.
4+16*-.+C,-
,+B/8/=+9-46/=/
,G<8-1+;
.*-2/=5
.*514B/*,+*@-.4;
2 3*-D,-.1G0
4.*5:
,
3*-/D/8+,G0
*+.@585,+
,
I-*.2/3*+
-
1/<-1+;,+
,
3*/9+,+
C1565,+
3/9+.51+;
*+*/DG
,
48-D/251+-,
.*5D+F+/11G,
@4.51/28-1+;,
+8+
785=/D5*;
,@I-4.2@
,
6/./*/-
,/I-.
7G.A
3*/;28-1/
3*+
2+D-
6/16*-.1/0
/3541/4.+
.
9-2+D
-
1/
,
9./
*544,5.*+25.A
2 E./,
6/1.-64.-
,+B/8/=+9-46/-
,G<8-1+-
656
*-=*-44+21/-
7G8/
7G
1-
-
3*52+8A1G,
.
G
,/I-,
@;41+.A
,
9./
,+B/8/=+9-46+0
@*/2-1A
45,/4/C151+;
*-=*-44+2-1
+ 35./
-
8/=+9-1
8+<A
4 ./96+
C*-1+;
/7GD-11/=/
45,/4/C151+;
,
C5?+?-11/=/
/.
3-*-I+251+0
.*-2/=+
4/
-
F+58+C5F+-0
.
158/=+;
4 9-8/2-6/,
2 8-4@
D-,/14.*+*@-.
,
656
.*-2/=5
,
3/;28;;4A
1-/I+D511/
+ 1+/.6@D5
,
+?-.
3*/-6F+0
,
3*-2*5?5-.
/6*@I5H?+0
,+*
2 @=*/C@
+ 4/CD5-.
9@D/2+?
2 /7GD-11/,
/6*@I-1++
.
*-
-
D/2G-
+D-+
/..586+25H.
42/+,
1-4//.2-.4.2+-,
/7?-3*+1;.G,
4@ID-1+;,
/ 3*-D,-.1/0
*-58A
-
1/4.+
.
4/2*-,-11G:
3/C+F+0
/1+
+C7G./91G
D8;
+1D+2+D@58A1/0
34+:+6+
(
/7G91/=/
@*/21;
45
-
,/4/C151+;
)
+ 2 E./,
4,G48-
34+:/8/=+9-46+
1-3/1;.1G
.
/
4 ./96+
C*-1+;
3-*-I+25H?-=/
.*-2/
-
=@
/1+
,
656
+ D8;
9-8/2-65
./.-,+4.+9-46/=/
2*-,-1+
,
D/4./2-*1G
-
;28;H.4;
1-3/4*-D4.2-11/0
113
3/92/0
,
D5H?-0
/3/*@
9-8/2-6@
2 -=/
+1D+2+D@58A1/,
3-*-I+251++
.*-2/=+
. "
-48+
,G
1-
2+D+,
2 E./,
4,G485
,
./
,
2+D+,/
,
D-8/
2 154
-
15<-,
1-I-851++
3/1;.A
+ 1-@,-1++
/7R;41+.A
" (
&1=
,
1994
7
,
4
.133-134).
E./0
42;C+
+C@9-1+-
./.-,+4.+9-46+:
3*-D4.528-1+0
,
43/4/71G:
.*514B/*
-
,+*/25.A
.*-2/=@
2 3*+-,8-,G-
/.1/<-1+;
,
+,--.
/4/7@H
C159+,/4.A
2 34+:+5.*++
,
/*+-1.+*/
-
2511/0
2 42/-0
3*56.+6-
15
3/1+,51+-
+ 29@24.2/251+-
.
/=8541/
.
H*6=-0,@
+
.
@*1258AD@
(
F+.
.
3/
:
/65*-2
, 1990,
4
.55-56),
./.-,+C,
42/D+.4;
6 9-,@
-
./
2*/D-
45,/3/9+.51+;
=*@33G
,
2 8+F-
./.-,5
=*@335
9.+.
45,@
4-7;
.
./
D/4.+=5-.4;
41;.+-,
2
./.-,+4.+9-46+:
3*-D4.528-1+;:
2GD-8-11/4.+
+ 3*/.+2/3/4.528-11/4.+
*+*/D-
.
H*6
-
=-0,
,
/.65CG25;4A
/7R;41;.A
./.-,+4.+9-46@H
42;CA
@.+8+.5*1G,+
3/.*-71/4.;,+
=/2/*+.
,
9./
I+2/.1G-
,
3.+FG
,
*54.-1+;
+=*5H.
D58-6/
1-
45,@H
+D1@H
*/8A
2 ./.-,+C,-
.
2;CA
4 6/1
-
6*-.1G,
I+2/.1G,
@4.@35-.
,-4./
456*58A1/0
42;C+
656
.56/2/0
.
41/25
1-
2 I+2/.1/,
,
49+.5-.
.
H*6=-0,
(
F+.
.
3/
:
/65*-2
,
.5,
I-
),
5 2 4+,2/8+9-46+
2G*5I-11G:
,G48+.-8A1G:
/3-*5F+;:
,
/7-43-9+25H?+:
42;CA
4 6-,
7G
./
1+
7G8/
.
./
./86/251+-
F-8+6/,
4/235D5-.
4 /3*-D-8-1+-,
./.-,+C,5
@
. .
-8-1+15
(1936,
4
.403): "
/.-,+C,
-4.A
+D-/8/=+9-46+0
4/HC
*/D/2/0
/*=51+C5
-
F++
8HD-0
4 ./0
+8+
+1/H
3/*/D/H
I+2/.1G:
'".
8+C/6
6 .56/,@
3/1+,51+H
4@?1/4.+
./.-,+C,5
+
.
2514
-
*+.95*D
(
F+.
.
3/
:
-2+
-
.*/4
, 1994,
4
.92).
1
3+<-.
,
9./
42;CA
4 ./.-,/,
/7@48/28-15
544/F+5F+;,+
,
6/./*G-
/1
2GCG25-.
2 4/C151++
, "
15
I+2G-
4@?-4.25
3*/-F+*@H.4;
3/1;.+;
+
9@24.25
,
+4./91+6
6/./*G:
/65CG25-.4;
1-
2 1+:
".
5,
.
-2+
-
.*/4
6*5.6/
15CG25-.
./.-,
"
/*@
-
D+-,
,G48+
" (
F+.
.
3/
:
57/
, 1993,
4
.207).
56
2+D1/
,
4/D-*I5.-8A15;
4./*/15
+D-/8/=+9-46/=/
4/HC5
2 6/1.-64.-
E.1+9-46/0
34+:/8/=++
1-
+,--.
1+656/=/
34+:/8/=+9-46/=/
C159-1+;
.
/D-*I51+-
D-04.2@-.
656
4+,2/8
9-=/
-
./
+1/=/
.
8;
6/88-6.+21/=/
45,/4/C151+;
C159+,
8+<A
3*/F-44
3-*-1/45
,
+C2-4.1G0
2 +1D+2+D@58A1/0
34+:/
-
8/=++
656
3*/-6F+;
,
/7R-6.+25F+;
,
2G1-4-1+-
,
E64.-*+/*+C5F+;
.
56/2
*;D
4+1/1+,+9-46+:
.-*
-
,+1/2
,
/7/C1595H?+:
+1+F++*/2511G0
.*-2/=/0
3*/F-44
/3*-D,-9+251+;
4@7R-6.+21/4.+
2/
21-<1-,
,+*-
+ 3/+46
45,/+D-1.+B+65F++
.
-8/2-9-465;
=*@335
/./ID-4.28;-.4;
4 3*-D4.52+.-
-
8-,
3*+*/D1/=/
,+*5
(
./
+8+
+1/-
I+2/.1/-
,
3.+F5
,
*54.-1+-
),
6/./*/-
4.51/2+.4;
2/38/?-1+-,
6/88-6.+21/=/
4@7R-6.5
.
7+04.2/
./.-,5
*521/C1591/
151-4-1+H
2*-D5
24-,
98-15,
./.-,1/0
=*@33G
.
56+,
/7*5C/,
,
456*58A15;
42;CA
4 3*+*/D/0
2G*5I5-.
153*528-11/4.A
,+B/8/=+9-46/=/
,G<8-1+;
15
2/44/-D+1-1+-
6/88-6.+25
4
*+*/D/0
,
3/C2/8;-.
@6/*-1+.A4;
2 1-0
+ 24.@3+.A
4
1-0
2 3/81/3*521/-
2C5+,/D-04.2+-
.
85=/D5*;
./.-,1/,@
*/D4.2@
=*@335
+D-1.+B+F+*@-.4;
4
./.-,/,
,
5 9-*-C
1-=/
-
4/
24-0
*+*/D/0
.
*-C@8A.5.-
6/88-6.+21G0
4@7R-6.
,G48+.4;
2 3*+
-
*/D1G:
.-*,+15:
.
BB-6.
.*-2/=+
/65CG25-.4;
2 38-1@
,+B/8/=+9-46+:
3*-D4.528-1+0
4/3*+
-
*/D1/4.+
+ 3*-D4.5-.
2 +C,-1-11/,
2+D-
.
/.-,+4.+9-46+-
,+BG
,/=8+
7G
/9-1A
;*6/
/7*+4/25.A
E.@
B@16F+H
,+B/8/=+9-46/=/
,G<8-
-
1+;
,
6/./*@H
,G
4 3/81G,
3*52/,
15C/2-,
E6C+4.-1F+58A1/0
.
-
3*+2/D;
6/16*-.1G:
./.-,+4.+
-
9-46+:
,+B/2
,
@65I-,
8+<A
15
+:
B@16F+/158A1/-
-D+14.2/
,
42;CG25H?--
+:
4/D-*I5.-8A1/-
*5C1//7*5C+-
.
1.*/3/8/=+9-46+-
,+BG
D5H.
/7/41/251+-
3*/+4:/ID-1+H
8HD-0
+ +:
4/3*+*/D
-
1/4.+
,
*54465CG25H.
/ 3-*2/3*-D6-
-
./.-,1/,
4@?-4.2-
,
4/9-.5H?-,
3*+C156+
C//
-
+ 51.*/3/
-
,/*B1/4.+
;
2 E.1/=-1-.+9-46+:
,+B5:
2/C1+61/2-1+-
*/D5
6/16*-.+C+*@-.4;
,
2 6/4,/=/1+9-46+:
3/2-4.2@-.4;
/ 2/C1+61/2-1++
,+*5
,
3*+9-,
,+*
6/14.*@+*@-.4;
.56+,
,
9./7G
7G8+
/7-43-9-1G
=5*,/1+91G-
4 1+,
/.1/<-1+;
,
/6*@I-1+-
/3+4G25-.4;
2 4//.2-.4.2++
4 /41/21G,+
9-8/2-9-46+
-
,+
3/.*-71/4.;,+
;
E.+/8/=+9-46+-
,+BG
*546*G25H.
3*/+4:/ID-1+-
/.D-8A1G:
3*-D,-./2
"
+ ;2
-
8-1+0
3*+*/DG
,
D-85;
/6*@I5H?+0
,+*
7/8--
3/1;.1G,
+ ,-1--
/3541G,
.
56+,
/7*5C/,
,
1-
-
4,/.*;
15
/9-2+D1G-
3*+9+11/
-
48-D4.2-11G-
42;C+
,
246*G25-,G-
2 ,+B-
,
-=/
/41/215;
B@16F+;
24-
I-
1-
/7R;41+.-8A15;
+ 3/C1525.-8A15;
,
5 E6C+4.-1F+58A15;
.
56
3+<-.
.
58+1/246+0
114
(1994,
4
.95), "
B@16F+;
,+B5
4/4./+.
1-
2 ./,
,
9./7G
/7R;41;.A
,
5 2 ./,
,
9./7G
3/D.2-*ID5.A
,
1-
@D/28-.2/*;.A
8H7/3G.4.2/
,
1/
3*+D525.A
@2-*-11/4.A
".
+BG
./.-,+C,5
3/C2/8;H.
2/44/-D+1+.A4;
4 /6*@I5H?+,
,+*/,
,
3/46/8A6@
*-<5H.
2/3*/4
/7R-D+1-1+;
/33/C+F+0
,
3/8/I-11G:
2 /41/2@
3*+1F+3/2
9-8/2-9-46/=/
,G<8-1+;
+ 45,/4/C15
-
1+;
.
1+
2/C2*5?5H.
9-8/2-65
6 4/4./;1+H
,
3*-D<-4.2@H?-,@
45,/4/C151+H
,
6 4/4./;1+H
,
2 6/
-
./*/,
1-.
D@58A1G:
9-*.
.
56
3*-D4.528;8+
4-7-
.
&1=
,
)
.
H*51
, .
-2+
-
.*/4
,
,+B
;28;-.4;
3/8-,
6/1B*/1.5F++
1-6+:
/33/C+F+0
(
F+.
.
3/
:
-8-.+146+0
, 1993,
4
.16).
33/C+F+/11/4.AH
,
3/D
-
9-*6+25-,/0
2 ,+B-
,
56F-1.+*@-.4;
2GD-8-11/4.A
,
45,/4./;.-8A1/4.A
9-8/2-9-46/0
=*@33G
,
1/
2
C52-*<-1+-
/33/C+F+/11/4.A
41+,5-.4;
C568H9-1+-,
4/HC5
. "
+B
, -
3/
.
-2+
-
.*/4@
(1983,
4
.203), -
/7G91/
/3-*+*@-.
3*/.+2/3/4.528-1+;,+
+ 4.*-,+.4;
6 +:
3/4.-3-11/,@
41;.+H
-
,-D+5
-
F++
...
1-6/./*G-
,+BG
65I@.4;
43-F+58A1/
4/CD511G,+
D8;
./=/
,
9./7G
+49-*35.A
24-
2/C,/I1/
-
4.+
3-*-:/D5
/.
D2/04.2-11/4.+
6 -D+14.2@
".
+BG
,
3+<-.
.
-2+
-
.*/4
(1994,
4
.96),
4.*-,;.4;
4D-85.A
.56
, "
9./7G
/33/C+F++
,
2,-4./
./=/
9./7G
3*-3;.4.2/25.A
+1.-=*5F++
,
48@I+8+
7G
--
@4
-
6/*-11/,@
/4@?-4.28-1+H
".
42;C+
4 D2/04.2-11/4.AH
3*/.+2/3/4.528-1+0
4@7R-6.5
,
2 ./,
9+48-
+ 6/88-6.+21/=/
,
./,@
,
4
9-,
/1
4-7;
1-
/./ID-4.28;-.
(
4
"
1-
- "),
,G
,/I-,
C5,-.+.A
,
9./
B@16F+;
,+B5
C568H95-.4;
2
3*+,+*-1++
/D1/2*-,-11/
+ 4 21-<1+,+
4+85,+
+ 4 4/74.2-11/0
574/8H.1/0
4@7R-6.+21/4.AH
.
4+16*-.+9-46/,
,+B/8/=+9-46/,
,G<8-1++
D25
"
1-
- ",
3*/.+2/3/4.528-11G-
4@7R-6.@
,
-4.A
/D1/
+ ./
I-
.
56
3+<-.
.
!
.
/4-2
(1993,
4
.322),
,+B/8/=+9-46/-
48/2/
"
2/C1+65-.
656
*5C
.5,
,
=D-
48+;1+-
" "
+
"
1-
- ",
+:
*5C@,1G0
4+1.-C
+ 2C5+,//3*-D-8-1+-
,
=D-
21-<1--
+ 21@.*-11--
48+./
2
/D1@
1-*5C8+9+,@H
./96@
".
+,2/8+9-465;
B/*,5
,+B5
,
4/=8541/
.
!
.
/4-2@
,
-4.A
4*-D4.2/
+ @4
-
8/2+-
45,/4/C151+;
+ 4/C151+;
"
1-
- ".
42/+:
*544@ID-1+;:
.
!
.
/4-2
6/16*-.+C+*@-.
2G465
-
C511/-
.
H*6
-
=-0,/,
3/8/I-1+-
/ ./,
,
9./
"
./.-,+4.+9-465;
*-8+=+;
-4.A
B/*,5
45,/4/C151+;
3-*2/7G.1/=/
68515
..." (
F+.
.
3/
:
/65*-2
, 1990,
4
.42).
/D9-*61-,
,
9./
,+B/8/=+9-46/-
,G<8-1+-
+ 6/88-6.+21G-
3*-D4.528-1+;
./.-,+C,5
/7/C1595H.
E.1+9-46/-
45,/4/C151+-
15
,+B/8/=+9-
-
46/,
@*/21-
*5C2+.+;
.
CD-4A
,G
2+D+,
3-*2/-
2 6@8A.@*1/0
+4./*++
3*/;28-1+-
E6C+4.-1F+58A
-
1/0
5D53.5F++
6/88-6.+25
.
./
I-
2 42;C+
4 E.+,
,/I1/
465C5.A
/7
+1D+2+D@58A1/,
45,/4/C151++
./0
E3/:+
?
.,-.+2
,
9./
6/16*-.1/-
4/D-*I51+-
,
2G*5I-11/-
2 ./.-,+4.+9-46/,
4+,2/8+C,-
,
1-
+,--.
C159-1+;
D8;
E.
-
1+9-46/0
34+:/8/=++
,
,G
2,-4.-
4 E.+,
D/8I1G
@9-4.A
,
9./
D8;
+1D+2+D@58A1/0
34+:/8/=++
+ +1
-
D+2+D@58A1/=/
45,/4/C151+;
4/D-*I51+-
4+,2/8/2
2 +:
/7/7?-11/,
2+D-
@65CG25-.
15
C15,-15
-
.-8A1/-
2 51.*/3/8/=+9-46/,
3851-
4/7G.+-
-
3/;28-1+-
2+.58A1/=/
(
E6C+4.-1F+58A1/=/
)
@*/21;
+1D+2+D@58A1/=/
45,/4/C151+;
.
1D+2+D
2 ./.-,+C,-
+D-1.+B+F+*@-.
4-7;
1-
./8A6/
4 6/88-6
-
.+2/,
,
1/
+ 4 45,/0
I+C1AH
.
2 659-4.2-
6@8A.@*/8/=+9-46/=/
3/D.2-*ID-1+;
E./=/
2G465CG251+;
,G
,/I-,
3*+2-4.+
3*+,-*G
+1D+2+D@58A1G:
./.-,/2
-
3-*2G-
3*+C156+
21@.*+=*@33/2/0
D+B
-
B-*-1F+5F++
+ 52./1/,++
.
3-F+58+4.G
*5C1G:
/7854.-0
C151+;
-D+1/D@<1/
4:/D;.4;
2 ./,
,
9./
15958A15;
4.@3-1A
*5C2+
-
.+;
+1D+2+D@58A1/=/
45,/4/C151+;
-
E./
@*/2-1A
,
15
6/./*/,
4@7R-6.
3*-D4.5-.
2 659-4.2-
43/1
-
.511/
/?@?5-,/=/
+ /./ID-4.28;-.
4-7;
4/
42/+,
.-8/,
".
1D+2+D@58A1/4.A
9-8/2-65
./.-,+
-
4.+9-46/0
E3/:+
-4.A
3/65
./8A6/
-=/
.-8-415;
+1D+2+D@58A1/4.A
,
-=/
45,/4/C151+-
-4.A
45,/
-
/?@?-1+-
.
/;28-1+-
2 ./.-,+C,-
2+.58A1/=/
@*/21;
45,/4/C151+;
-?-
1-
-4.A
42-*<+2<--4;
4/7G.+-
.
6/*--
,/I1/
=/2/*+.A
/ 3/;28-1++
3*-D3/4G86+
D8;
@.2-*ID-1+;
+1D+2+D@58A1/=/
45,/4/C15
-
115
1+;
,
+
,
1-
3*+1+,5;
2 *549-.
5BB-6.
.*-2/=+
,
E./
4/7G.+-
1-2/C,/I1/
3/1;.A
.
*-2/=5
+,38+F+.
-
15
45,/4/C151+H
-
45,//?@?-1+H
.
-48+
,+B/8/=+9-46+0
@*/2-1A
6/88-6.+21/=/
45,/4/C151+;
-4.A
3*/4.*514.2/
,
2 6/./*/,
.*-2/=5
.*514B/*,+*@-.4;
,
./
2+.58A1G0
(
E6C+4.-1F+58A1G0
)
@*/
-
2-1A
+1D+2+D@58A1/=/
45,/4/C151+;
-4.A
3-*2/-
3*/.+2/3/4.528-1+-
,
4 6/./*G,
.*-2/=5
=-1-.+
-
9-46+
42;C515
.
1+2-*458A1/-
42/04.2/
.*-2/=+
2 ./,
,
9./
/15
.*-7@-.
2G:/D5
C5
=*51+FG
45,/
-
+D-1.+B+65F++
+ 4.+,@8+*@-.
*5C2+.+-
45,/4/C151+;
.
*514B/*,+*@;4A
15
,+B/8/=+9-46/,
@*/21-
45,/4/C151+;
,
3*-D<-4.2@H?-,
/4/C151+H
2+.58A1/4.+
,
.-8-41G:
B@16F+0
,
.*-2/=5
15
-
3/81;-.
D511G0
@*/2-1A
4/74.2-11/
9-8/2-9-46+,+
E6C+4.-1F+58A1G,+
2/3*/45,+
/ ,-4.-
2
I+C1+
,
/ 4,G48-
4@?-4.2/251+;
.
+./=-
E6C+4.-1F+58A1G0
@*/2-1A
2 *5C2+.++
9-8/2-9-46/=/
45
-
,/4/C151+;
-
E./
@I-
1-
9+4.5;
I+2/.15;
2+.58A1/4.A
,
5 4/74.2-11/
9-8/2-9-465;
3/3G.65
2/4
-
3*+1+,5.A
42/-
.-8-41/-
4@?-4.2/251+-
2 E6C+4.-1F+58A1/,
6/1.-64.-
.
D-4A
/.6*G25H.4;
D2-
2/C,/I1/4.+
:
D58A1-0<--
*5C2+.+-
45,/4/C151+;
/.
+4:/D1/=/
75C+41/=/
E6C+4.-1F+58A1/=/
@*/21;
4 -=/
4,G485,+
+ I+C1-11/0
E1-*=+-0
+ /.65C
/.
/4,G48-11/=/
9-8/2-9-46/=/
4@?-4.2/25
-
1+;
,
4/3*/2/ID5-,G0
45,/D-4.*@6.+21G,+
.-1D-1F+;,+
*5C*@<-1+;
42/-0
.-8-41/4.+
.
*/;28-
-
1+-
.*-2/=+
15
E6C+4.-1F+58A1/,
@*/21-
C5D5-.
D+8-,,@
:
8+7/
/15
7@D-.
.*514B/*,+*/2515
2
6@8A.@*1/,
*5C2+.++
,
8+7/
*5C*@<+.
45,/-
3-*2/-
2 45,/4/C151++
3*/.+2/3/4.528-1+-
D/
4/
-
4./;1+;
I+2/.1/0
1-2GD-8-11/4.+
.
/=8541/
E6C+4.-1F+58A1/0
3/C+F++
,
9-8/2-6
-
E./
3*/-6.
,
6/./*G0
,/I-.
8+7/
2/38/.+.A4;
2
I+C1A
,
8+7/
1-
4/4./;.A4;
.
./7G
/1
4/4./;84;
,
7G8/
1-/7:/D+,/
1-
./8A6/
/7R-D+1-1+-
4 4-7-
3/D/71G,+
+ 2G3/81-1+-
6/88-6.+21/=/
.*@D5
,
1/
+ B/*,+*/251+-
./.-,+4.+9-46/=/
,+*/2/C
-
C*-1+;
,
,+B/8/=+9-46/=/
,G<8-1+;
,
/3/4*-D@H?-=/
D+58/=
4 4/74.2-11/0
4@7R-6.+21/4.AH
.
./7G
@.2-*D+.A
2+.58A1G0
@*/2-1A
45,/4/C151+;
,
1@I-1
7G8
,-1.58A1G0
<5=
15C5D
2 *+*/D@
(
3/
-
B+8/4/B46+
-
2 1-7G.+-
).
./7G
/7/C159+.A
@*/2-1A
,
E1D/,/*B1G0
2+.58A1/,@
,
1@I1/
7G8/
D/,G48+.A
*-58A1/4.A
+ @.2-*D+.-8A1/
465C5.A
,
9./
9-8/2-9-465;
=*@335
-4.A
./.-,
,
9./
/15
38/.A
/.
+:
38/.+
+ 6/4.A
/.
+:
6/4.+
.
/8A6/
4B/*,@8+*/252
2 ,+B/8/=+9-46/,
,G<8-1++
/41/2@
42/-,@
4@?-4.2/251+H
,
/B/*,+2
7-44/C15.-8A1@H
.*-2/=@
2 4/F+58A1G:
4.*@6.@*5:
,
,/I1/
7G8/
*543/*;I5.A4;
42/-0
.-8-41/4.AH
,
/.8+95.A
--
/.
/6*@I5H?-=/
,+*5
+ 3*-D/:*51;.A4;
/.
*5C*@
-
<+.-8A1/0
78+C/4.+
1-7G.+;
.
D-1.+B+F+*@;4A
4 3*+*/D/0
3/4*-D4.2/,
6/88-6.+21G:
3*-D4.52
-
8-1+0
,
9-8/2-6
46*G25-.
/.
4-7;
3*/78-,G
2GD-8-11/4.+
+ 2,-4.-
4 .-,
4/:*51;-.
52./1/,1/4.A
,
/.*-65-.4;
/.
4-7;
,
3/8@95;
2C5,-1
6/88-6.+21/-
45,//3*-D-8-1+-
.
.
H0/
(1908,
4
.81)
3+<-.
,
9./
"
9-8/2-6
3/
,-*-
./=/
,
656
3*/D2+=5-.4;
23-*-D
,
./865-.
3-*-D
4/
-
7/0
42/+:
7/=/2
".
5,
3*-D4.528;-.4;
7/8--
./91G,
3*-D4.528-1+-
,
4/=8541/
6/./*/,@
9-8/2-6
1-
./8A6/
3*/D2+=5-.
7/=/2
23-*-D
,
1/
+ /4.528;-.
+:
3/C5D+
4-7;
,
5 45,G0
=8521G0
7/=
,
3*-D
-
4.528-11G0
4@7R-6.1G,
74/8H./,
,
4/3/4.52+,
3/
,54<.575,
4/
24-,
3*-D,-.1G,
,+*/,
.
E./=/
2*-,-1+
4@7R-6.
3/8@95-.
D2-
2C5+,/D/3/81;H?+-
.-1D-1F++
*5C2+.+;
:
2 4./*/1@
@=8@78-
-
1+;
6/88-6.+21G:
3*-D4.528-1+0
+ 3/
153*528-1+H
6 ,5.-*+58A1/,@
,+*@
.
:/.;
2 ./.-,+C,-
E.+
.-1D-1F++
48+.G
2/-D+1/
,
,G
,
2+D+,/
,
@I-
,/I-,
=/2/*+.A
/ D2@:
3/.-1F+58A1/
C58/I-11G:
2-6./*5:
.
-*2G0
4/D-*I5.-8A1/
-4.A
D@:/21/-
*5C2+.+-
,
3/3G.65
3/2./*-1+;
6/88-6.+21/0
E6C+
-
4.-1F+58A1/0
5D53.5F++
.
./*/0
-
4/74.2-11/
E6C+4.-1F+;
-
*@6/2/D4.2/
42/+,
.-8/,
,
C57/.5
/
-=/
F-8/4.1/4.+
,
/.8+915;
/.
I+2/.1/0
+14.+16.+21/4.+
,
./
-4.A
9-8/2-9-465;
43/4/71/4.A
6 I+C
-
1+
,
3*-D3/85=5H?5;
2 4-7-
1-;21@H
3*/.+2/3/4.528-11/4.A
3*+*/D-
+ 4,@.1/-
3*-D9@24.2+-
4,-*.+
.
+B/8/=+9-46+0
@*/2-1A
6/88-6.+21/=/
45,/4/C151+;
,
2 /.8+9+-
/.
+1D+2+D@58A1/=/
2+.58A1/=/
@*/21;
,
/4.5-.4;
1-/4/C1511G,
+ 3*-D4.528;-.
4/7/0
85.-1.1/-
4/D-*I51+-
4/C151+;
9-8/2-65
./.-,+4.+9-46/0
E3/:+
+ 7/8A<+14.25
15<+:
4/2*-,-11+6/2
.
*/-F+*@;4A
2 +1D+2+D@58A1/4.A
,