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ГАЛЫМ ЖУСИПБЕК
142
INTERNATIONAL
POLITICAL IDENTITY
OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
GALYM ZHUSSIPBEK
Suleyman Demirel University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 040900
Abstract
The international political identity of the European Union is still fiercely debated in the expert community.
Traditional theories of international relations do not contain adequate keys for the assessment of its
activities. The view that the EU cannot be identified as an actor in international relations is still present.
Such attitudes are defined by the fact that the EU does not possess tools to ensure its security in military
terms. Meanwhile, more broad interpretations of security, which have become more pronounced in recent
years, highlight the significance of those spheres of international interaction where the European Union has
the greatest potential. From the onset, European integration has exerted an impact on th international
environment through economic channels. However, after the end of bipolarity, the European entity was able
to intensify its activities due to the newly established Common Foreign and Security Policy as well as
European Security and Defense Policy. The EU peacekeeping activities clearly indicate its growing
presence in international relations. The EU efforts in crisis management and post-crisis reconstruction
received high recognition and increased its reputation in the global arena. Meanwhile, EU capabilities are
not limited to the CFSP alone. Its structural diplomacy, which is aimed at constructing norms and rules
accepted by other actors, emerges as the crucial tool of its influence. However, due to the remaining gap
between the EU’s ambitions and its capabilities, the notion of “small power” was developed in literature to
reflect ambiguity in the assessments of its influence. Another group of scholars proposed such notions as
“enlightened”, “normative”, or “civil power” in order to reflect the desire on the part of the EU to
“civilize” its environment and force its partners to act in accordance with a set of rules. The practice of the
EU’s foreign policy significantly diverges from the idealistic foundations of these models. Still, European
scholars believe that in the current hostile environment such compromises are inevitable and they do not
cancel out the positive impact of the EU in contributing to the emergence of a more perfect global order.
Keywords:
European Union; Common Foreign and Security Policy; Common Security and Defense Policy; foreign
policy identity; normative power; small power; post-modern power; crisis management; NATO.
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