Файл: мурманский медицинский колледж рабочая тетрадь по учебной дисциплине английскийй язык.docx

No, he did not.  Нет, он не звонил.

No, they did not. Нет, они не купили.
Полный отрицательный ответ строится как отрицательное предложение.

No, he did not call me last week. Нет, он не звонил мне на прошлой неделе.

No, they did not buy a new car. Нет, они не купили новую машину.

Специальные вопросы в Past Simple

Когда мы задаем вопрос со следующими вопросительными словами:

• 
  what,
  
• 
  when,
  
• 
  where,
  
• 
  who,
  
• 
  how,
  
• 
  which,
  
• 
  why.
  

Эти слова ставятся на первое место, далее порядок слов идет как в обычном вопросе.

Схема образования:

Вопросительное слово + did + тот, о ком идет речь + глагол в начальной форме?



Давайте рассмотрим примеры.

Why did you steal this thing? Почему ты украл эту вещь?

When did she sell her phone? Когда она продала ее телефон?

What did they buy? Чтооникупили?

Exercise 1. Fill inthe gaps with the appropriate verb in the form of the Past Simple Tense.

be (2), feed, take, start, visit, listen

The children went to London. The Tour ________at Hyde Park in the morning. The children_______the ducks and squirrels there. Then they ________photos of Trafalgar Square. The next stop __________the British Museum. They also ___________ the Tower of London. The children _______to the famous bell Big Ben. In the evening they ________ very tired.

see, find, help, be, put, catch, be

One day the children were on the ship. The sea was quiet. Suddenly they _________the pirates' ship. The pirates_________ the children and _______them in a dark room, but Kevin ________ Steve and Maggie. In the room the children ________ the eighth magic pearl. Kevin put the eight pearls together and saved the Shell Kingdom. Kevin's parents _______very happy.

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Exercise 2. Read the text.

When you receive a prescription from the doctor or need some medicines you go to the chemist’s shop.

There are two departments at a big chemist’s shop. At the chemist’s department one can have medicines right away; other drugs can be ordered at the prescription department.

At the chemist’s one can buy drugs in solid and liquid forms such as: pills or tablets, capsules, powders, mixtures, drops, ointments, tinctures, syrups, and so on. It may be pain-killers, antibiotics, antiseptics, laxatives, tonics, vitamins, and other drugs and solutions.

Every small bottle, tube or box of medicine has a label on it. The labels indicate drugs for internal, external use or injections. The annotation to the drug contains essential information about it: the name of a drug, manufacturer, and composition, directions for use, possible side effects and precautions. It is very important, because any overdosage may cause side effect or even death.

At the chemist’s we may buy things necessary for patients’ care: cotton-wool, dressing material, adhesive plasters, mustard plasters. One can get hot-water bottles, medicine droppers, thermometers, tonometers, syringes and so on. There is also a big choice of hygienic means for children and adults.
Exercise 3. Answer the questions.

1. Where do you go if you need some medicine?

2. What departments are there at the chemist’s?

3. In what forms can you order or buy drugs at the chemist’s?

4. Where is the name of the drug and the dose to be taken usually indicated?

5. What information does the annotation to a drug contain?

6.What one can buy at the chemist’s?

Exercise 4. Find the equivalents in the text.

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1. a department where one can order drugs;

2. a small slip of paper on which the name of a medicine is written;

3. drugs taken orally;

4. an excessive dose of a drug;

5. an instrument by which a medicine is introduced into the vein;

6. an instrument for measuring a temperature.
Exercise 5. Write the general and special questions to the sentences.

1. The nurse made him an intramuscular injection.

2. This drug caused allergic reaction on the skin.

3. This child takes this medicine three times a day.

4. The doctor will prescribe some sleeping drugs to her.

5.The name of the drug is indicated on a label.


Grammar: The Past Simple Tense
Exercise 1. Read the legend. Open the brackets using the Past Simple Tense.


The legend of Lake Naroch

Many years ago there __________ (live) a girl called Nara. She _____ (can) sing            very well and play the psaltery .She _____ (love)  a young man and ________ (want) to marry him. One day she was sitting near a large beautiful lake when a rich man ________ (see) her. He _______ (like) Nara so much that he_________ (want) to marry her. As Nara________ (have) a fiancé (жених) she________ (not want) _______  to marry the rich man. But the rich man_______ (be) very stubborn (упрямый), and his servants ___________ (kill) Nara’s fiancé and __________ (take) Nara to the rich man’s palace. The girl ______ (be) so unhappy that when everybody was sleeping, she ________ (set) fire to the palace , and _______ (run) away. When the rich man________ (learn) about    it, he _____ (send) his servants (слуги) after Nara. As she ___________ ( can not)  run away from them, Nara ___________ (dive) into the lake and____________ (die). From that time the lake was named Lake Naroch.

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SECTION 3. MICROBIOLOGY

3.1 Topic: Bacteria. Grammar: The Future Simple Tense

Exercise 1. Learn the words.



Exercise 2. Read and translate the following words.

destructive, microorganisms, chlorophyll, spores, to vary, variety, ocean, especially, polluted, alkaline, reservoir, mucus, mucous

Exercise 3. Read the text.

Bacteria rule the world. Man is dependent upon them from the day of his birth until the hour of his death. They are man's most useful servants and his most destructive masters. One is prone to ask: What are bacteria? Where do they occur? What are their functions?

Bacteria are minute single-celled living beings devoid of roots, leaves and stems. They are so small that they can be seen only with the aid of a powerful microscope; They are often spoken of as microorganisms. This term includes not only bacteria but all forms of life so small that you should require the microscope in their study. They are often referred to as germs or microbes. The early investigators considered them animals and would refer to them as «animalcules».

If we examined the bacteria we should find that they have many of the characteristics of animals. Some have the power of independent motion. All are devoid of green colouring matter, chlorophyll; most of them are compelled to live upon complex foods as do the animals. Their general structure, their methods of growth, their formation of threads and spores, and their simplicity in some of the lower forms of plant life, have caused the biologist to class them as plants. However, it is impos-sible to make a clear-cut¹ distinction between some microscopical plants and some microscopical animals. The important thing to remember is that bacteria are the simplest forms of life, and partake of the characteristics of both plants and animals. For this reason, and for convenience, scientists agree to consider the bacteria with the plants.

Where do bacteria occur? Bacteria are widely distributed, occurring nearly everywhere. They are found in all natural soils, the number varying with the kind of soil, quantity of plant and animal debris present, moisture and treatment. They decrease in number with depth. Although they occur in air, it is not their natural home as under ordinary conditions they cannot grow and multiply in it. The number and variety found in air vary. The atmosphere of some high mountains and the air over the ocean far from shore may be free from bacteria. City and country air also differ from each other in the number and kind of bac- teria which they contain. There is a great variation in the air of buildings. Bacteria are especially numerous where dust is plentiful.

Most natural waters contain many bacteria. In sewage and polluted waters² they are especially numerous. If measures against pollution and contamination of water were not taken in time there would be much danger to people's health. They occur only in small numbers or not at all in deep wells³ and springs.⁴ A turbid stream, which contains the drainage of many cities, has a great variety and number of bacteria in opposition to the clear, rapid flowing water of uninhabited mountainous regions.

The intestines, owing to their alkaline reaction and the partly digested condition of their contents, are a great reservoir of bacteria. In the upper part there are few, but in the descending colon billions of bacteria are present. Sometimes they constitute one third of the total dry contents of the intestine. The health of the individual is determined by the number and kind of bacteria.

The normal tissues and the blood of animals are usually free from bacteria. If ordinary saprophytic bacteria entered the animal's body they would be ingested and destroyed by leukocytes. Microorganisms are rarely found on certain healthy mucous membranes, such as those of the kidneys, bladder and lungs. Occasionally they pass through the skin or the mucous membranes of the digestive tract after which they may be found for a short time in the blood. In certain diseased conditions the blood and tissues of man and lower animals become filled with bacteria.

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Functions of Bacteria. The real significance of bacteria comes in the fact that we are living in a world filled with them. They cannot be kept out of the

alimentary tract. Considerable attention should be given to the favouring of the beneficial bacteria in man. The great Russian bacteriologist Mechnikov claimed that the rate with which man ages would be determined not by the years he has lived, but by the bacteria, which inhabit his digestive system.

Exercise 4. Choose the right translation of the selected words.

1. Bacteria may occur (происходить, случаться; встречаться) free or in aggregates. 2. The smallest bacteria are beyond the range (линия, ряд; предел) of our most powerful light microscopes. 3. The size of the microscopical organisms can be estimated by filtration, consequently they are referred to (направлять к ... ; упоминать; относитьк ... ) as filtrable viruses. 4. Viruses attack all parts of the body except (исключая; помимо) the digestive system.

Grammar: The Future Simple Tense

Rules

Future Simple - простое будущее время
Время Future Simple ссылается на действие, которое совершится в неопределенном или отдаленном будущем.
Простое будущее время в английском языке обычно используется с обстоятельствами:

tomorrow – завтра

next year – в следующем году

in five years – через пять лет

in 2095 – в 2095 году

и т.п.

Образование Future Simple

Утвердительные предложения:

I will play	We will play
You will play	You will play
He / she / it will play	They will play

Вопросительные предложения:

Will I play?	Will we play?
Will you play?	Will you play?
Will he / she / it play?	Will they play?

Отрицательные предложения:

I will not play	We will not play
You will not play	You will not play
He / she / it will not play	They will not play

Для того, чтобы поставить глагол во временную форму Future Simple, нужно использовать его начальную форму и вспомогательный глагол 

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