ВУЗ: Казахская Национальная Академия Искусств им. Т. Жургенова
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Visual 30. Fattening Panned 11:00-1:00
Visual 31. Fattening Panned 10:00-2:00
We can also bring this line of sound up front by turn-
ing the volume up . . .
Visual 32. Loud Fattening Right Up Front
. . . or place it in the background by turning the vol-
ume down.
Visual 33. Low Volume Fattening in Background
We can also move it up or down a little bit with more
treble or bass EQ.
Visual 34. Fattening With High-Frequency EQ Boost
Visual 35. Fattening With Low-Frequency EQ Boost
Size as a Function of Reverb
Placing reverb in a mix is like placing the sound of a
room in the space between the speakers. A room,
being three-dimensional, is shown as a 3D, see-
through cube between the speakers. Because reverb
is actually made up of hundreds of delays, it occupies
a huge amount of space when panned in stereo. It is
like placing hundreds of copies of the sound at hun-
dreds of different places between the speakers. This is
why reverb causes so much masking!
Visual 36. Stereo Reverb on Sound (see color Visual 36CI
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The Art of Mixing
Just as spheres and lines of sounds can be placed
and moved around in a mix, we also have control
over the placement and movement of reverb with
panning, volume, and EQ. We can place reverb any-
where from left to right by panning the two stereo
outputs of the reverb in a variety of positions. The
wider the stereo spread, the more space reverb takes
up and the more masking it causes.
Visual 39. Loud Reverb
With EQ, we can raise or lower the placement of
the reverb a little, which makes the reverb smaller
(more trebly) or larger (bassier).
Visual 37. Reverb Panned 11:00-1:00
Visual 40. Reverb With High-Frequency EQ Boost
Visual 38. Reverb Panned 10:00-2:00
When we turn the volume level of the reverb up
(normally done by turning up the auxiliary send on
the sound going to the reverb), it comes out front in
the
mix.
Visual 41. Reverb With Low-Frequency EQ Boost
17
Chapter Two
These three basic sound images—spheres,
lines, and rooms—can be placed within the three-
dimensional stereo field between the speakers to cre-
ate every structure of mix in the world.
Spheres represent sounds, oblong spheres repre-
sent fattening, and translucent cubes of light represent
reverb. All other effects, including different delay
times, flanging, chorusing, phasing, parameters of
reverb, and other effects, are variations of these three
images and will be described in detail in the next
chapter. With these various sound images, we can cre-
ate a wide range of mix styles appropriate for various
music and song styles. For example, we can create
even vs. uneven volumes . . .
. balanced vs. unbalanced mixes
Visual 44. Balanced (Symmetrical) Mix (see color
Visual 44C)
Visual 42. Even Volumes (see color Visual 42C)
Visual 45. Lopsided (Asymmetrical) Mix (see color
Visual 45C)
Visual 43. Uneven Volumes (see color Visual 43C)
18
The Art of Mixing
. . . natural vs. interesting EQ . . .
Visual 46. Natural EQ (see color Visual 46C)
Visual 47. Interesting EQ (see color Visual 47C)
. . . and sparse vs. full (wall of sound) mixes with
effects.
Visual 48. Sparse Mix (see color Visual 48C)
Visual 49. Full (Wall of Sound) Mix (see color Visual 49C)
The art of mixing is the creative placement and
movement of these sound images. Just as a musician
needs to explore and become thoroughly familiar
with all the possibilities of his or her instrument, so
must an engineer be aware of all possible dynamics
that the equipment can create. And he or she must be
adept at coming up with any of the structures and pat-
terns that can be conceived.
NOTE: An engineer has the same range of control as
the sculptor: Both are working in 3D. In sculpture,
the artist deals with shaping the images in a three-
dimensional space. In photography and painting, the
artist deals with color tones and the way they relate to
each other. In construction, the carpenter deals with
first building a strong foundation. In Feng Shui, the
consultant deals with placement of elements in a
3D space. Here we are dealing with the Feng Shui of
mixing.
The mix can be made to fit the song, so that the
mix becomes transparent or invisible. Or the mix can
be used to create musical dynamics of its own. It can
be a tool to enhance and highlight, or it can create
tension or chaos. A great engineer uses the mix to
push the limits of what has already been done.
We now have a framework with symbols for each para-
meter of sound. Chapter 4 will go into the details of
each piece of equipment in the studio. Chapters 5
and 6 use the visuals to discuss how each piece of
equipment can be utilized in the mix to create all the
dynamics that the "engineer as musician" wields. But
first, we'll explore all of the reasons for creating one
style of a mix or another in Chapter 3.
19
Chapter Two
Notes on Design of Visuals
SHAPE
At first thought, a dot between the speakers might
seem appropriate. When a sound such as a vocal is
panned to the left speaker, the dot would move to the
left speaker; the dot would move right to represent
panning to the right. This is a common representa-
tion used by many people when discussing left/right
placement of sounds in the stereo field.
A round image is most appropriate, especially
when we consider the way two sounds seem to meet
when they are panned from left and right to the cen-
ter. When they are brought together and start to over-
lap in the middle, the image suggests that the sounds
should be round and symmetrical. If we were to use
an image of a guitar, the neck of the guitar would
puncture the adjacent sound first because they are
both panned toward the center, unlike the way two
sounds actually meet and then overlap.
A solid dot has its faults, though. Two sounds
can be in the same place in a mix yet still be heard
distinctly. Therefore, it makes sense to make the
sounds transparent or translucent. If we use transpar-
ent spheres to represent the sound field of the image
as it appears between the speakers, then two sounds
can be seen and heard in the same spot.
COLOR
People all over the world have tried to figure out
which frequencies correspond to which colors. Of
course, only psychics and space aliens really know.
Any instrument can be any color. Therefore, you can
assume the colors that we have chosen are perfect.
The primary function of color is to differentiate
between different types of sounds. Different colors
could be made to correspond to different sound col-
ors, types of waveforms, or frequency ranges. But since
I don't want to require people to learn such a system
to be able to understand the visuals, I will only use
color to help differentiate between sounds in the mix.
When harmonic structures and equalization are
discussed, colors will be assigned to specific fre-
quency ranges.
Visual 50. Virtual Mixer EQ (see color Visual 50C)
20
The Art of Mixing