Файл: Учебное пособие 3 курс contents vocabularly Text From the History of Russian Automobile Engineering.docx

TEXT 11: Использование компьютера (Using Computer)

Работа с лексикой

invent — изобретать

a breaker point ignition — прерывистое зажигание

advanced — усовершенствованный

fire the spark plug – воспламенять свечой зажигания

meet emission control levels — отвечать требованиям по ограничению уровня вредных компонентов в выхлопных газах

gas mileage - пробег в милях на гал­лон топлива

smooth operation — плавная работа

provide – обеспечить

onboard computer system – бортовой компьютер

hardware - аппаратная часть ком­пьютера

software - программное обеспечение

CPU — Central Processing Unit - цен­тральный процессор

integrated circuit — интегральная схема

semiconductor — полупроводник

silicon — кремний

until - пока не

specific sequence — специальная по­следовательность

permanent memory — постоянная память

ROM — read only memory — постоян­ная память, постоянное запоми­нающее устройство, ПЗУ

RAM - random access memory - опе­ративная память, оперативное запоминающее устройство, ОЗУ

PROM — programmable read only memory - программируемое по­стоянное запоминающее устрой­ство, ППЗУ

trouble code — неисправный код

expensive — дорогостоящий

adaptive memory— адаптивная память

Упражнение 1. Прочтите слова и сопоставьте их с русскими значениями.

transform, battery, voltage, regulation, system, computer, micro­processor, transistor, diod, chip, material, electricity, magnetic, pro­gram, defective, limit, compensate, variation, code.

Работа с текстом

TEXT

Using Computer

Ever since the car was first invented, a breaker point ignition has been used to transform battery voltage into 20,000 volts to fire the spark plugs. With government intervention and regulation, more advanced system was needed. This system had to meet emission control levels, gas mileage, and provide a smooth and continuous operation. The answer was found in an on-board computer system. The computer mounted on modern cars has two components. One is the hardware and the other is the software.

The computer hardware on an automobile uses a Central Process­ing Unit (CPU), which, when made in an integrated circuit, is referred I о as a microprocessor. The integrated circuit (IС) combines transis­tors, diodes, and capacitors, which are placed on a tiny chip of semi­conductor material that is smaller and thinner that an eraser on a pen­cil. The material used most of the time is silicon. Silicon, like any semiconductor, does not conduct electricity until either voltage, a mag­netic field, heat, or light is directed to the semiconductor. A program instructs the microprocessor what to do.

The computer software on a car carries a program. The program (ells the computer what to do, and when to do it in a specific sequence. The program is stored in a permanent memory, which is referred to as Read Only Memory (ROM).The computer knows only what is placed in its memory.

There is another variation, which is called the Program­mable Read Only Memory (PROM), which can be readily removed und replaced, while the ROM cannot. This makes it less expensive if the memory becomes defective. Only the PROM has to be replaced, not the entire microprocessor. The microprocessor contains a ROM (or PROM) and a RAM. RAM stands for Randon Access Memory, which can be accessed with­out going through a specific sequence. The technician interfaces with the RAM whenever trouble codes are accessed. Not all computerized ignition systems have trouble codes, however. Some computers have the ability to learn. This is referred to as an adaptive memory. When a value falls outside of a specified limit, due to engine wear, the adaptive memory makes a slight adjustment in the program to compensate. The car must be driven from 20 to 30 miles, as it takes the computer this long to learn. Any time that power is disconnected from the computer, it will have to relearn everything.

Послетекстовые упражнения

The exercises to be done after reading the text

Упражнение 1. Переведите на английский язык.

1.Многие современные автомобили оборудованы борто­выми компьютерными системами для лучшей работы ав­томобиля.

2.Программа такого компьютера имеет только два запоми­нающих устройства: постоянную память (ПЗУ) и опера­тивную память (ОЗУ).

3.Компьютерная программа сообщает компьютеру, что надо делать и когда необходимо выполнить данное действие в соответствующей последовательности.

4.Программа хранится в постоянной памяти компьютера.

5.Микропроцессор содержит в себе постоянную и опера­тивную память.

6. Некоторые компьютеры обладают способностью запоминать (заучивать). Это относится к адаптивной памяти.

Работа с диалогом

Прочтите диалог и разыграйте его в парах

DIALOGUE

Anton: What is the purpose of using computers on board the car?

Vlad: You see. As I know computer is used to advance the engine operation as well as the performance of other units.

A.: What components does the on-board computer consist of?

V.: It consists of two components. One is the hardware and the other is the software.

A.: What is hardware?

V.: The computer hardware uses a Central Processing Unit (CPU) which is referred to as a microprocessor.

A.: What is software?

V.: The computer software on a car carries a program. The pro­gram tells the computer what to do and when to do it.

A.: And where is the program stored?

V.: It is stored in a permanent memory which is called Read Only Memory (ROM).

A.: And what is Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM)? What is the difference between ROM and PROM?

V.: In case the memory becomes defective PROM can be readily removed and replaced, while ROM cannot.

A.: And what is RAM?

V.: RAM is Random Access Memory (main memory), which can be accessed without going through a specific sequence. The technician interfaces with RAM whenever trouble codes are accessed.

A.: Thanks a lot for your explanation.

V.: You are welcome. See you later.

A.: Goodbye.

Использование компьютера (Using Computer)

Словарь урока

access — 1. поступать 2. доступ

adaptive memory - адаптивная па­мять

adjustment - регулировка

breaker - прерыватель

breaker point ignition — прерывистое зажигание

capacitor — конденсатор

carry a program — выполнять про­грамму

defective — дефектный, неисправ­ный

due to — из-за, благодаря

engine wear — износ двигателя

eraser — ластик

expensive — дорогостоящий

fall — падать

fire the spark plug – воспламенять свечой зажигания

gas mileage — пробег в милях на гал­лон топлива

hardware — программная часть ком­пьютера

heat — тепло

however — однако

ignition – зажигание

integrated circuit – интегральная схема

invent — изобретать

light — свет (фары)

meet emission control levels — отвечать требованиям по ограничению уровня вредных компонентов в выхлопных газах
on-board computer system – бортовой компьютер

permanent memory — постоянная память

PROM - Programmable Read Only Memory -программируемое постоянное запоминающее устрой­ство, ППЗУ

RAM — Random Access Memory — оперативная память, оперативное запоминающее устройство, ОЗУ

ROM - Read Only Memory - постоянная память, постоянное запоминающее устройство, ПЗУ

semiconductor — полупроводник

Sentral Processing Unit (SPU) - цен­тральный процессорный узел

silicon — кремний

since — с тех пор

spark plugs — запальные свечи

specific sequence - определенная по­следовательность действий

the ability to learn — способность за­поминать (заучивать)

tiny chip — маленький чип

trouble codes — коды, сообщающие о неисправности

Домашнее задание

Упражнение 1. Найдите в тексте ответы на вопросы.

1.How many components has the computer on modern cars? What are they?

2.How do we call the computer hardware on the automobile?

3.What does an integrated circuit combine?

4.What material is used in the integrated circuit? Why?5.What does the computer software do?

6.Why is the computer used on board the car?

7.What does the program tell to the computer?

8.Where is the program stored?

9.What is ROM?

10.What is PROM?

11.What is RAM?