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B&%,0;& 4.1 (*+#$#,C!30!)
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L<G |
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Cu2! |
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D+!$'&+0"!,A3#! 6#"#G0/09!4(#! #(04,!30! #+7&309!4(0G '!K!4"' (OP- |
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#%,89!30! 4 $#%&'(&/0 #(04,0"!,!5), *!+!'#$ (#/*,!(43<G 4#!$03!305 /!$0 ' |
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• ;251.2 '!(. |
0#33#! 4#4"#-30!. )*+!$!,!30. 3! /!?&." 100-(+&"3<5 0:%<"#( Zn(II), Ni(II), |
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Cd(II), 200-(+&"3<5 0:%<"#( |
Al(III), 100-(+&"3<5 0:%<"#( Pb(II), 20-(+&"3<5 |
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0:%<"#( Cr(III) 0 Fe(III) *+0 4##"3#?!300 1Q1 |
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HFI Cu2+. =3&,0:0+8!/<5 +&4"'#+ 4/!?0'&." ' #"3#?!300 1:1 4 %86!+3</ |
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• 4"-"!(1.2 |
+&4"'#+#/, 4#$!+C&K0/ |
&;!"&" 3&"+0- (0,05 ), 8(48438. |
(04,#"8 (0,05 ), |
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6"#+0$ 3&"+0- (2,0·10-2 |
), $,- 84"&3#',!30- *#4"#-33#5 0#33#5 40,< 0 +1, |
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/&4(0+#'&30Fe(III) 0 '#44"&3#',!3040,A3<G #(04,0"!,!5. |
!"#$ L+&3&. |
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Cu2+ -4!,!("0'3<5 E,!("+#$. D#"!3;0#/!"+09!4(#! (#/*,!(4#3#/!"+09!4(#! |
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• J8!51.2 '!(. |
"0"+#'&30! Cu 2! 0 Zn 2! . |
!?&.K!! ',0-30! Fe(III) /&4(0+8." %86!+3#5 |
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3%/D'%1-52#$-, |
4/!4A., 4#$!+C&K!5 70$+#6"&,&" (&,0- 0 6"#+0$ 3&"+0-. |
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0"!-*'!(#8' |
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93
94
B&%,0;& 4.1 (*+#$#,C!30!)
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• J8!51.2 '!(. |
!"#$ *+!$3&:3&9!3 $,- #*+!$!,!30- ' $0&*&:#3! (#3;!3"+&;05 0,06 – 635 |
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3%/D'%1-52#$-, |
/7/$/3 Cu 2! ' *+048"4"'00 100-(+&"3#7# 0:%<"(& Fe(III), Cr(III), 10-(+&"3#7# |
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0"!-*'!(#8' - |
0:%<"(& Pb(II) 0 1000-(+&"3#7# 0:%<"(& Ni(II), Zn(II), Cd(II). 2 (&9!4"'! |
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3%/D'%1-52#$-, |
/&4(0+8.K0G '!K!4"' *+0/!3-." NaF. |
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'%11 |
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M=N;@N> |
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NO |
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D+#%8 &3&,0:0+8!/#5 '#$< 0 4"&3$&+"3<! +&4"'#+< 4/!?0'&." 4 +&'3</ |
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#%N!/#/ +&4"'#+& $,- *#$&',!30- /!?&.K0G *+0/!4!5. !"#$ 7+&$80+#'#93#5 |
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• 4-8D2'%& '!(% |
:&'040/#4"0. D+-/&- *#"!3;0#/!"+0-. |
0(+#*+#;!44#+3<5 0#3#/!+. !"#$ |
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$#%&'#( S |
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= 0,03 – 0,1. |
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• J8!51.2 '!(., |
&4(0+#'&30! &30#33<G D=2 ''!$!30!/ E('0'&,!3"3#7# (#,09!4"'& |
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#!(2"O%P-2 4@) |
(&"0#33<G D=2. D+-/&- *#"!3;0#/!"+0-. |
!"#$ 7+&$80+#'#93#5 :&'040/#4"0. |
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• )!(. |
D+0 3!%#,A?#/ 4#$!+C&300 Cl -0#3#' %!: *#$7#"#'(0 *+#'#$-" #*+!$!,!30! |
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30"+&"-0#3#' ' '#$!, *+-/&- *#"!3;0#/!"+0-. |
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B&%,0;& 4.1 (*+#$#,C!30!)
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I(4"+&(;0- NO3 0: *+#%< +&4"'#+#/ CuSO4 $,- /&4(0+#'&30- HCO3 0 Cl–- |
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0#3#'. 2,0-30! NO2 84"+&3-." $#%&',!30!/ 48,A6&/03#'#5 (04,#"< ' H2SO4, |
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/!"#$ 7+&$80+#'#93#5 :&'040/#4"0 *+-/&- *#"!3;0#/!"+0-. |
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1&'!4(8 '<48?!33#7# "#3(#0:/!,A9!33#7# #%+&:;& 4/!?0'&." 4 +&4"'#+#/ $,- |
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• 4!5'. |
*#$&',!30- ',0-30- /!?&.K0G *+0/!4!5. F/!4A *!+!/!?0'&." 30 /03. 0 |
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60,A"+8.", 84"&3&',0'&." 3!#%G#$0/<! :3&9!30- +1, 0#33#5 40,< 0 84"+&3-." |
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/!?&.K!! ',0-30! Cl–, NO2 , CO32 |
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#+7&309!4(0G (04,#". |
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0(+#*+#;!44#+3<5 0#3#/!+. !"#$ 7+&$80+#'#93#5 :&'040/#4"0. |
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)*+!$!,-." #"$!,A3# NO3 0 48//8 NO3 0 NO2 |
*+0 +1 4-8. 10"+0"-0#3< |
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• 4!5'. - |
#(04,-." KMnO4 ' (04,#5 4+!$!. H:%<"#( MnO4 |
8$&,-." $!54"'0!/ MnSO4. |
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#8!51.2 '!(. |
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S |
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= 0,015 – 0,036. D+-/&- *#"!3;0#/!"+0-, /!"#$ 7+&$80+#'#93#5 :&'040/#4"0. |
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M=N;@N> |
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NO |
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- NO |
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95
96
B&%,0;& 4.1 (*+#$#,C!30!)
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D#4,!$#'&"!,A3#! 0:/!+!30! *#"!3;0&,#' HFINO3 |
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0 HFINO2 . >&49!" 4 |
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*+0/!3!30!/ (#E660;0!3"#' 4!,!("0'3#4"0. H3"!+'&, #*+!$!,-!/<G |
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• JA2#D |
(#3;!3"+&;05 10–4–10–2 NO3 |
0 NO2 *+0 /#,A3#/ 4##"3#?!300 1:1. D+-/&- |
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*#"!3;0#/!"+0-, /!"#$ 7+&$80+#'#93#5 :&'040/#4"0. S |
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= 0,15. |
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:EJ=<> @Q:N@ |
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NOx |
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D#7,#K!30! +&4"'#+#/ R12>)4, 4#$!+C&K0/ 12)2. )*+!$!,!30! |
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• )!*(+, |
#%+&:#'&'?0G4NO3 -0#3#' |
/!"#$#/ *#"!3;0#/!"+09!4(#7# "0"+#'&30-. |
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M8'4"'0"!,A3#4"A – 3·10–4%. |
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D#7,#K!30! +&4"'#+#/ N&)1, #(04,!30! $# NO3 |
4 *#/#KA. PbO2 ' |
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• ).,/!01.2 |
*#$(04,!33#/ +&4"'#+! Na2SO4. !"#$ 7+&$80+#'#93#5 :&'040/#4"0, /!"#$ |
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3%*. NO - NO2 |
$#%&'#(. M8'4"'0"!,A3#4"A 150-200 /7//3 NO2. |
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B&%,0;& 4.1 (*+#$#,C!30!)
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D+0/!40 #(40$#' &:#"& ' '#:$8G! #*+!$!,-." *+0 *#/#K0 E,!("+#$&, |
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98'4"'0"!,A3#7# ( #(40$&/ &:#"&. B#93# 84"&3#',!33<5 #%N!/ &3&,0:0+8!/#7# |
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• )!*(+, |
'#:$8G& *+#(&90'&." 4# 4(#+#4"A. 2,//03 9!+!: *#7,#"0"!,A3#! 84"+#54"'#, |
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:&*#,3!33#! +&4"'#+#/, 4#$!+C&K0/ N&12>)4, N&21>)4, HgCl2, KCl, K2Cr2O7. |
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R *#,89!33#/8 +&4"'#+8 $#%&',-." ' 4##"3#?!300 1:10 (04,#"3<5 %86!+3<5 |
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+&4"'#+. |
0(+#*+#;!44#+3<5 0#3#/!+. !"#$ 7+&$80+#'#93#5 :&'040/#4"0. |
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HFINO3 . B#93# 84"&3#',!33<5 #%N!/ &3&,0:0+8!/#7# 7&:& *+#(&90'&." 4 |
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*#/#KA. '&(88/3#7# 3&4#4& 9!+!: 3&7+!"8. $# 190ºF "+8%(8, :&*#,3!338. |
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(+04"&,,09!4(0/ PbO2. F#$!+C0/#! "+8%(0 0:',!(&.", 4/!?0'&." 4 "'!+$</ |
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• <.A!'.2 3%*. |
PbF2 0 $04"0,0+#'&33#5 '#$#5 0 3&7+!'&." 30 /03. *+0 100ºF. F84*!3:0. |
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#G,&C$&.", ;!3"+06870+8.". )"%0+&." &,0('#"38. 9&4"A 3&$#4&$#93#5 |
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C0$(#4"0 0 *+0%&',-." ( 3!5 +&4"'#+ 6#46&"& 3&"+0-. 0(+#*+#;!44#+3<5 |
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0#3#/!+. |
!"#$ 7+&$80+#'#93#5 :&'040/#4"0. |
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;:<@M=<> |
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SCN |
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97