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98
B&%,0;& 4.1 (*+#$#,C!30!)
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SCN -HFI /#C3# *+0/!3-"A *+0 +1 = 2 – 12 ' $0&*&:#3! (#3;!3"+&;05 0,6 – |
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• )!(% |
600 /7/$/3. H#3< *!+!G#$3<G /!"&,,#' #%+&:8." (#/*,!(4< 4 +#$&30$-0#3&/0 |
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0, 4,!$#'&"!,A3#, *#30C&." 0G (#3;!3"+&;0. ' +&4"'#+!; 84"+&3-." |
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/!?&.K!! ',0-30! E"0G 0#3#' *+#'!$!30!/ &3&,0:& *+0 +1 = 8 – 9. |
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JRFGS@N> |
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SO2- |
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• )!(% |
D#"!3;0#/!"+09!4(#! "0"+#'&30! 4 |
HFI-Pb2+. D+#%8 &3&,0:+8!/#5 '#$< |
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4/!?0'&." 4 0:#*+#*&3#/ ' #"3#?!300 1:4. !"#$ L+&3&. |
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JRFGS=<> |
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S2- |
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D+#%8 &3&,0:0+8!/#5 '#$< 4/!?0'&." 4 +&'3</ #%N!/#/ |
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• )!(% |
*+#"0'##(04,0"!,A3#7# |
%86!+3#7# |
+&4"'#+&, |
4#$!+C&K!7# |
NaOH, |
[2] |
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&4(#+%03#'8. (04,#"8, I@B=. !"#$ 7+&$80+#'#93#5 :&'040/#4"0. |
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D#"!3;0#/!"+09!4(#! "0"+#'&30!. )%+&:!; 4/!?0'&." ' #"3#?!300 1:100 4 |
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• 4!5'% |
%86!+3</ +&4"'#+#/ |
(*+#"0'##(04,0"!,A3</). B0"+&3"#/ 4,8C0" 30"+&" |
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(&$/0-. D#7+!?3#4"A 0:/!+!30- I@F S 0,1 /'. |
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B&%,0;& 4.1 (*+#$#,C!30!)
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• 4"-"!(1.2 |
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D+-/&- *#"!3;0#/!"+0- 3& 6#3! &3"0#(40$&3"3#7# %86!+&, |
4#$!+C&K!7# |
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I@B=, NaOH 0 &4(#+%03#'8. (04,#"8 4 +1=12. )*+!$!,!30! *+#'#$-" *+0 |
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'!(. |
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(#3;!3"+&;00 H2ST6 /7/$/3. Sx " 0,07 . |
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• 4/%#8!'.2 '!(. |
D+-/&- *#"!3;0#/!"+0- 3& 6#3! %86!+3#7# +&4"'#+&, 4#$!+C&K!7# NaOH, |
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&4(#+%03#'8. (04,#"8 0 I@B=. |
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• J2"+#!(2"O%P-2 |
D#4,!$#'&"!,A3#! *#"!3;0#/!"+09!4(#! "0"+#'&30! +&4"'#+#/ AgNO3. |
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"%#8'!". S2-, S O2- |
F3&9&,& |
#*+!$!,-." |
S O2- |
0 |
48//8 |
S2– 0 *#,048,A60$-0#3#'. U&"!/ |
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0!/-#+/DB-(--!1. |
*#,048,A60$38. 4!+8 4'-:<'&." 48,A60"#/ 3&"+0- 0 '3#'A "0"+8." +&4"'#+#/ |
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AgNO3. |
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D#"e3;0#/!"+09!4(#! "0"+#'&30! +&4"'#+#/ Pb(NO3)2 4 04*#,A:#'&30!/ |
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• )!(. |
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(+04"&,,09!4(#7# HFI- |
S2–. 2/!4"# &4(#+%03#'#5 (04,#"< *+0/!3-,0 ' (&9!4"'! |
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&3"0#(40$&3"& +&4"'#+: 1 NaOH, 1,5 M N2H4. )"3#40"!,A3&- *#7+!?3#4"A |
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#*+!$!,!30- 0,1-2 /7/$/3 S2– – 3! *+!'<?&,& 10%. |
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• :8/!O21-&, |
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H:/!,A9!33<5 #%+&:!; 4/!?0'&." ' #"3#?!300 1:100 4 &3"0#(40$&3"3</ |
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0!5'. |
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%86!+3</ |
+&4"'#+#/, |
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*# |
NaOH. |
D#"!3;0#/!"+009!4(#! |
"0"+#'&30! |
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30"+&"#/ (&$/0-. D#7+!?3#4"A 0:/!+!30- I@FS0,1 /'. |
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100
B&%,0;& 4.1 (*+#$#,C!30!)
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JL;:):<:;:< |
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H2S |
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D#7,#K!30! 4/!4A. 0,1 NaOH, 20% (#%) 7,0;!+03&, 0,01 |
I@B= 0 1%-5 |
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• )!*(+, |
&4(#+%03#'#5 (04,#"<. D+-/&- *#"!3;0#/!"+0-. )*+!$!,!30. 3·10–6% |
H2S ' |
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#%N!/! 4,5 $/3 3! /!?&." SO2, NO2, NH3, HCN. |
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• :8,!(&P-2 3%*. |
D#7,#K!30! H2S %86!+3</ +&4"'#+#/ 0,1 |
NaOH + |
1%-5 +&4"'#+ |
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(0-"!/-*1.2, |
&4(#+%03#'#5 (04,#"<. D+#"#93#-03C!(;0#33<5 &3&,0:. |
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$!$#!'., 0252?) |
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=3&,0:0+8!/<! 407&+!"< ':'!?0'&." 0 '<(8+0'&." ' 4"&3$&+"3<G |
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• J-3%"281.? |
84,#'0-G |
*+0 *#/#K0 4*!;0&,A3#7# 84"+#54"'&. |
)%+&:#'&'?054- |
$</ |
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(.A |
*+#*84(&." 9!+!: *#7,#K&.K05 +&4"'#+ (2 |
NaOH 0 0,02 |
&4(#+%03#'&- |
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(04,#"&). |
0(+#*+#;!44#+3<5 0#3#/!+. L+&$80+#'#93&- :&'040/#4"A. |
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SN:;=<> F– |
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@0&*&:#3 0:/!+-!/<G (#3;!3"+&;05 0,05-10 /7/$/3 ' *+048"4"'00 &;!"&"3#- |
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• )!(. 0-8D2'%&, |
;0"+&"3#7# |
%86!+& 4 +1=5. @,- 30'!,0+#'&30- ',0-30- 0#33#7# 4#4"&'& |
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0"-"!(1%& |
0:/!+!30- |
*+#'#$-" ' *+048"4"'00 0,005 |
+-+& |
MgSO4. |
)"3#40"!,A3&- |
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*#7+!?3#4"A 3! *+!'<?&!" 15%. |
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B&%,0;& 4.1 (*+#$#,C!30!)
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!"#$ *+0/!3-." *+0 4#$!+C&300 F |
' 4"#93#5 '#$! >0,2 /7/$/3. D+#%< |
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• J8!51.2 '!(. |
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'#$< '<*&+0'&." 0 #"$!,-." 6"#+0$< *&+#'#5 $04"0,,-;0!5. +1 = 10 – 12. |
HF) |
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!"#$ 7+&$80+#'#93#7# 7+&60(&. |
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10359-2 |
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D+#%8 |
60,A"+8.", |
:&"!/ |
' |
0:/!+0"!,A38. |
-9!5(8 |
$#%&',-." |
25 |
4/3 |
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• 4-8D2'.2, |
%86!+3#7# |
+&4"'#+& |
0 |
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*+#%< |
'#$<. O4"&3&',0'&." +1 = 5,2 ± |
0,2. |
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25 4/ |
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0!'2",1!#81.2 |
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D+0%&',-." NaOH 0,0 HCl. V4,0 #%+&:#'&,4- #4&$#(, "# &3&,0: *+#'#$-" 4 |
HF) |
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'!(. |
+&:%&',!33#5 |
*+#%#5 |
'#$<. |
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!"#$ 7+&$80+#'#93#7# 7+&60(&. @0&*&:#3 |
10359-1 |
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#*+!$!,-!/<G (#3;!3"+&;05 0,2 – 2,0 /7/$/3. |
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SN:;:):<:;:< |
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HF |
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D#7,#K!30! 4,#!/ Na2CO3 ' &%4#+%;0#33#5 "+8%(!, +&4"'#+!30! ' 0,1 |
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;0"+&"! 3&"+0- ' 10%-/ E"&3#,!. |
!"#$ 7+&$80+#'#93#5 :&'040/#4"0 Sx |
" 0,07 . |
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P"#+#'#$#+#$ |
*#7,#K&." |
0: |
'#:$8G& 60,A"+#/, |
0/*+!730+#'&33</ |
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• @8A!#B2"1.? |
K2HPO4, |
4 |
*#4,!$8.K!5 |
E(4"+&(;0!5 |
'#$#5 |
0 *#"!3;0#/!"+09!4(0/ |
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'!*(+, |
#*+!$!,!30!/ ' *+048"4"'00 ;0"+&"3#7# %86!+3#7# +&4"'#+&. L+&$80+#'#93&- |
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:&'040/#4"A. H3"!+'&, 0:/!+-!/<G (#3;!3"+&;05 0,013-1/7//3. D#7+!?3#4"A |
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#*+!$!,!30- ±10%. D+!$!, #%3&+8C!30- 2 /(7 F– ' &3&,0:0+8!/#/ #%N!/!. |
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!"#$ 0:%0+&"!,!3 |
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' *+048"4"'00 #+7&309!4(0G 4#!$03!305. |
!?&." |
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#*+!$!,!30. CFClO 0 CF2O. |
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