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101
c) topic of
dissertation
to be titled, to have a title;
d) topicality of
research
to be topical, to be of importance, to benefit
from, to be useful for, to account for
topicality and urgency;
e) purpose of
research
to investigate, to compare, to find
out/reveal, to assess/evaluate, to test, to
confirm, to establish, to elaborate, to
describe, to outline, to invent, to obtain, to
develop, to determine, to examine/explore,
to substantiate;
f) methods
to investigate smth. by, to utilize/employ
the methods;
g) stages of
study
to have several stages, to study scientific
literature, to collect data on, to obtain data,
to compare results, to interpret results, to
come to a conclusion, to draw a conclusion;
h) area of
application
to be used in, to be applied/employed in /
for, to have practical significance, to benefit
from, to bring benefit to, to give the
opportunity to / for;
i) publications
and
conferences
to have several publications in, to publish
the results of smth. in, to participate in
conferences, to present the results at, to give
a paper at the conference;
j) research
career plans
to defend the dissertation, to obtain a
Master’s degree, to be awarded a Master’s
degree, to continue research, to make
further research in …, to employ the
obtained results in …, to be admitted to a
Postgraduate Doctoral course, to take up a
Postgraduate Doctoral course, to apply for a
Doctoral degree.
102
X. This is a sample dialogue between an examiner and an examinee – a
post-graduate student who is taking his/her Ph.D. exam in English.
Complete the dialogue and act it out.
Postgraduate student
:
-
Hello.
Examiner:
-
Hello. Will you sit here, please? … So, tell us about
yourself a little.
Postgraduate student
:
-
My name is ... I graduated from ... Now I'm a
post-graduate student of … .
Examiner:
-
Well, and who is your research supervisor?
Postgraduate student
:
-
My supervisor is … .
Examiner:
-
And what sort of problem are you studying?
Postgraduate student
:
-
Well, my topic is … .
Examiner:
-
Aha. Are you familiar with current scientific literature on
this subject?
Postgraduate student
:
-
Well, I have made a literature review of … .
Examiner:
-
And what is the practical importance of your research
work?
Postgraduate student
:
-
You see, at present … .
Examiner:
-
Well, that’s interesting. Have you obtained any results yet?
Postgraduate student
:
-
Yes,
the results have been already discussed in
… .
Examiner:
-
Do you plan to continue your research career after the
completion of your postgraduate course?
Postgraduate student
:
-
Yes, after … .
XI. Speak about Your Professional Activities and Research using the
following plan.
1.
Personal information.
2.
Educational background.
3.
Present employment.
4.
Postgraduate education.
5.
Research.
6.
Career plans.
103
SELF CHECK
XII.
Translate into English using words from Active Vocabulary.
1.
Меня зовут … . Я магистрант дневной формы обучения
(соискатель ученой степени кандидата наук).
2.
Я окончила Гродненский государственный медицинский
университет в 2013 и поступила в аспирантуру/ магистратуру.
3.
Я являюсь аспирантом/ магистрантом кафедры … .
4.
Наша
кафедра
обеспечивает
преподавание
следующих
дисциплин: … .
5.
Я веду практические занятия по … в группах … курса …
факультета.
6.
Моя работа включает преподавание и научное исследование.
7.
Я выполняю работу под руководством профессора Иванова И.И.
8.
Темой моего исследования является … .
9.
Данное исследование является актуальным и важным.
10.
Целью исследование является оценка роли … в развитии … .
11.
Материал исследования включает … .
12.
При проведении исследования использовались следующие
методы … .
13.
Работа
включает
две
части:
теоретическую
и
экспериментальную.
14.
Основные
результаты
исследования
обсуждались
на
многочисленных конференциях.
15.
У меня есть ряд публикаций в научных журналах и материалах
конференций.
16.
Исследование имеет большую практическую значимость.
17.
Полученные
результаты
могут
быть
использованы
в
практической медицине.
18.
Я планирую защиту своей диссертации в июне.
19.
После окончания магистратуры я собираюсь продолжить
обучение в аспирантуре.
20.
В дальнейшем я планирую продолжать свою научную карьеру.
104
PART II
TEXT 2
I. Read and memorize the following word combinations. Translate the
sentences.
1.
literature review –
обзор литературы
The purpose of a
literature review
is not to present all possible
references, but to concentrate on those that are relevant for the focus of
your article.
2.
practical implications –
практическое значение
It is beneficial to consider the
practical implications
of your research.
3.
research article
– научная статья
Research article
should report on research findings that are valid and
original; and it should add potentially important information.
4. scientific community –
научное сообщество
An article presents the research clearly and concisely to the
scientific
community
.
5.
subject matter –
предмет изложения, основной вопрос
The Introduction justifies the significance of the
subject matter
and
connects your work to previous research.
6. target audience –
целевая аудитория
It is also vital to identify those who might be interested in seeing your
results, i.e. who is the
target audience
.
7. target journal –
намеченный (выбранный для подачи статьи)
журнал
Write your article with your
target journal
in mind.
II. Read and translate the text.
WRITING A RESEARCH PAPER
A scientific paper or research article is a technical document that
describes a significant experimental, theoretical or observational extension
of current knowledge, or advances in the practical application of known
principles. Research article should report on research findings that are not
only valid and previously unpublished, but also add some new
understanding, observation, proofs, i.e. potentially important information.
Unlike a novel, newspaper article or an essay, a research article has a
required structure or style. However, a research article is not only a
105
technically rigid document, but also a subjective intellectual product that
reflects personal opinions and beliefs. Therefore, it requires good skills in
both structuring and phrasing the discoveries and thoughts.
The process of writing an article is initiated by considering the
significance of the future article, its importance and potential newness to
the scientific community. It is also vital to identify those who might be
interested in seeing your results, i.e. who is the target audience? In
addition, it is beneficial to consider the practical implications of your
research. A scientific article must be based on research that is conducted
scientifically by using accepted methods. An article wraps up research by
presenting it clearly and concisely to the scientific community.
A scientific article must answer the following basic questions:
What is the problem that is addressed?
Why is it important?
How did you study the problem?
What are your results?
What are the implications of the results?
What do you recommend as further study for others?
Target journal
Write your article with your target journal in mind. This is useful
because different journals have different perceptions of science as well as
differing opinions on how articles ought to be written.
An article typically constitutes the following sections and elements:
Title
Abstract
Introduction
Theory / Literature review
Research method / process
Results (sometimes divided into results & analysis)
Conclusions
Title
When considering a title for your article, do familiarize yourself with the
types of titles in the target journal, analyze whether they are more general
or very specific. Avoid abbreviations in the title as well as unnecessary
“and” words. Fundamentally, a very long title is not good as the reader
may have difficulties in perceiving the content. Journals favoring short
indicative titles may, for example prefer titles with less than eight words.
On the other hand, other journals may prefer long informative titles.