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170	4.1.5 Sum frequency generation	[Ref. p. 187

Table 4.1.26. Up-conversion of near IR radiation into the visible.

Crystal	λIR [µm]	Pump source		η [%]	Ref.

LiIO3	3.39	0.694	µm, mode-locked ruby laser	100	[73Gur]
	3.2 . . . 5	1.064	µm, Nd:YAG laser	0.001	[74Gur]
	2.38	0.488	µm, argon laser	4 × 10−8	[75Mal2]
	1.98, 2.22, 2.67	0.694	µm, mode-locked ruby laser	0.14 . . . 0.28	[75Mal1]
	3.39	0.5145 µm, argon laser		2.4 × 10−2	[80See]
	1 . . . 2	0.694	µm, ruby laser	18	[71Cam]
LiNbO3	1.69 . . . 1.71	0.694	µm, Q-switched ruby laser	1	[67Mid]
	1.6 . . . 3.0	0.694	µm, Q-switched ruby laser	100	[75Aru]
	1.6	0.694	µm, ruby laser	10−5	[68Mid]
	3.3913	0.633	µm, cw He-Ne laser	10−5	[67Mil]
	3.3922	0.633	µm, cw He-Ne laser	5 × 10−5	[73Bai]
KTP	1.064	0.809	µm, diode laser	68	[93Kea]
	1.54	0.78 µm, diode laser		7 × 10−4	[93Wan1]
	1.064	0.824	µm, dye laser (intracavity SFG)	0.26	[90Ben]
	1.064	0.809	µm, diode laser	55	[92Ris]
	1.064	0.805	µm, diode laser	24	[92Kea]
	1.319; 1.338	0.532	µm, 2 ω of Q-switched Nd:YAG laser	10	[89Sto]

a The angle between the polarization vector of the fundamental radiation and o-ray is 35 ◦ .

Landolt-B¨ornstein

New Series VIII/1A1

B¨ornstein-Landolt

VIII/1A1 Series New

Table 4.1.27. Up-conversion of CO2 laser radiation by sum-frequency generation.

Crystal	Pump source	λpump	Type of	θpm	I0				L	η			Ref.
		[µm]	interaction	[deg]	[W cm−2]				[mm]	[%]
Ag3AsS3	ns Nd:YAG laser, 740 W	1.064	eoe	20	–				6	0.84			[72Tse]
	Ruby laser, 1 ms	0.694	–	–	104				10	0.14			[72Luc]
	ns Nd:YAG laser	1.064	eoe	20	400				6	0.5			[73Alc]
	Nd:YAG laser	1.064	eoe	20	–				14	1.5			[74Vor]
	Ruby laser, 25 ps	0.694	ooe	25.2	108				5	10.7			[75Nik1]
	ns Nd:YAG laser	1.064	eoe	20	–				–	30 a			[79Jaa]
	ns Nd:YAG laser	1.064	eoe	20	(0.5 . . . 1.2) × 106				–	8 b			[81And]
AgGaS2	Nd:YAG laser	1.064	oee	40	6	× 105			3	40 a			[75Vor]
	Dye laser, 3 ns	0.598	ooe	90	–				5	40			[77Jan]
	Ruby laser, 30 ns	0.694	eoe	55	–				3.3	9			[77And1]
	ns Nd:YAG laser	1.064	oee	40	–				–	30			[78Vor]
	ns Nd:YAG laser	1.064	oee	40	(0.5 . . . 1.2) × 106				–	14 b			[81And]
HgGa2S4	ns Nd:YAG laser	1.064	ooe	41.6	(0.5 . . . 1.2) × 106				3.6	60 (20) b			[80And,
													81And]
ZnGeP2	Nd:YAG laser	1.064	oeo	82 . . . 89	–				10	1.4			[71Boy]
	ns Nd:YAG laser	1.064	oeo	82.9		. 1.2)	×	106	–	6	b		[81And]
	Nd:YAG laser, 30 ns	1.064	oeo	82.5	(0.5 . . 6		×		–	6			[81And]
	Nd:YAG laser, 30 ns	1.064	oeo	82.5	3	× 10			3	5			[79And2]
CdSe	Nd:YAG laser	1.833	oeo	77		107			10	35		a	[71Her]
	HF laser, 250 ns	2.72	oeo	77	2.4 × 6				10	35			[71Her]
	HF laser, 250 ns	2.72	oeo	70.5	6	× 10			30	40			[76Fer]

a Power-conversion e ciency.

b Power-conversion e ciency for two cascades: 10.6 + 1.064 → 0.967 µm,

0.967 + 1.064 → 0.507 µm.

187] .p .Ref

crystals in conversion Frequency 1.4

171

172	4.1.6 Di erence frequency generation	[Ref. p. 187

4.1.6 Di erence frequency generation

Table 4.1.28. Generation of IR radiation by DFG.

(a) Crystal: LiIO3

λ	Sources of interacting radiations,	Conversion e ciency,	Ref.
[µm]	crystal parameters	energy, power, τp

4.1–5.2	Dye laser + ruby laser, ICDFG, L = 12 mm	100 W (peak)	[72Mel]
1.25–1.60;	Dye laser + Q–switched Nd:YAG laser	0.5–70 W (peak),	[75Gol]
3.40–5.65	(1.064 and 0.532 µm), ICDFG, θooe = 21–28.5 ◦	∆ ν = 0.1 cm−1, 60 ns
2.6–7.7	Dye laser + 2 ω of Nd:YAG laser, θooe = 22 ◦	2 nJ–50 µJ, 10 ns	[95Cha2]
2.3–4.6	Dye laser + argon laser (514 and 488 nm)	0.5–4 µW, cw	[76Wel]
4.3–5.3	Dye laser + 2 ω of Nd:YAG laser, θooe = 24.3 ◦	–	[77Dob]
0.7–2.2	Dye laser + nitrogen laser, θooe = 51–31 ◦	3 ns	[78Koe]
3.8–6.0	Dye laser + copper vapor laser (511 nm), θc = 21–24 ◦	10–100 µW, 20 ns	[82Ata]
3.5–5.4	Dye laser + 2 ω of Nd:YAG laser, θooe = 20 ◦	0.8 mJ, 10 ns	[83Man]
1.2–1.6	Two dye lasers, θooe = 29 ◦	1.5–5 ps	[84Cot]
4.4–5.7	Dye laser + Nd:YAG laser, θooe = 20–22 ◦	550 kW, 8 ns	[85Kat]
5	Two dye lasers, θooe = 20 ◦ , L = 3 mm	10 %, 10 nJ, 400 fs	[91Els]
2.5–5.3	Signal and idler pulses of OPO, θooe = 21 ◦	0.2 mW, f = 82 MHz,	[94Loh]
		200 fs
6.8–7.7	Dye laser + 2 ω of Nd:YAG laser, θ = 28–29 ◦	100 mW (peak)	[95Cha1]
(b) Crystal: LiNbO3

λ	Sources of interacting radiations,	Conversion e ciency,	Ref.
[µm]	crystal parameters	energy, power, τp

3–4	Dye laser + ruby laser	1 %, 6 kW	[71Dew]
2.2–4.2	Dye laser + argon laser	1 µW, cw	[74Pin]
2–4.5	Dye laser (1.2 ps) + argon laser (100 ps), θ = 90 ◦ ,	25 µW (average),	[84Rud,
	T = 200 . . . 400 ◦ C	1.2 ps, f = 138 MHz	85Ree]
2–4	Dye laser + Nd:YAG laser, θooe = 46 . . . 57 ◦	60 %, 1.6 MW	[80Kat2]
2.04	Two dye lasers, θooe = 90 ◦	50 %, ∆ λ = 0.03 nm	[77Sey]
1.7–4.0	CPM dye laser + subpicosecond continuum,	10 kW (peak), 0.2 ps,	[87Moo2]
	θc = 55 ◦ , L = 1 mm	∆ ν = 100 cm−1
4.043	Two Nd:YAG lasers (1.064 and 1.444 µm), L = 25 mm	5.5 %, 30 mJ, 14 ns	[94Won]
1.6–4.8	Nd:glass laser + OPO	6 %, 30 µJ, 1–3 ps	[95DiT]

(c) Crystal: BBO

λ	Sources of interacting radiations,	Conversion e ciency,	Ref.
[µm]	crystal parameters	energy, power, τp

2.5	Dye laser (620 nm) + picosecond continuum (825 nm),	5 %, 4 µJ, 0.5 ps	[91Pla]
	θooe = 20.3 ◦ , L = 5 mm
0.9–1.5	Dye laser + Nd:YAG laser, θooe = 20.5–24.5 ◦ ,	23 %, 4.5 mJ, 8 ns	[93Ash]
	L = 10 mm
2.04–3.42	Two dye lasers, NCDFG, θooe = 12–17 ◦ , L = 6 mm	300–400 W (peak)	[91Bha]
1.23–1.76	Dye laser + Ti:sapphire laser	10 µW (average),	[93Sei]
		150 fs, f = 80 MHz

Landolt-B¨ornstein

New Series VIII/1A1

Ref. p. 187]	4.1 Frequency conversion in crystals		173

(d) Crystal: KTP

λ	Sources of interacting radiations,	Conversion e ciency,	Ref.
[µm]	crystal parameters	energy, power, τp

1.4–1.6	Dye laser + Nd:YAG laser, θeoe = 76–78 ◦ , ϕ = 0 ◦	8.4 kW, f = 76 MHz,	[75Bri]
		94 fs
1.35–1.75	Dye laser + 2 ω of Ti:sapphire laser, ICDFG	10 W (peak), 1.6 ps	[94Pet]
2.8–3.6	Ti:sapphire laser + OPO, θeoe = 90 ◦ , ϕ = 47 ◦	40–150 µW, 90–350 fs,	[95Gal1]
		f = 82 MHz
1.2–2.2	Nd:YAG laser + dye laser, θeoe = 90 ◦ , ϕ = 31 ◦	36 % (quantum), 1 mJ	[95Cha3]
1.05–2.8	Two Ti:sapphire lasers, dye laser + Ti:sapphire laser	20 µW, cw	[96Mom]
1.14–1.23	Dye laser (550–570 nm) + Nd:YAG laser,	22 % (quantum), 3.3 mJ	[96Bha]
	θeeo = 82–90 ◦ , ϕ = 0 ◦
(e) Crystal: KTA

λ	Sources of interacting radiations,	Conversion e ciency,	Ref.
[µm]	crystal parameters	energy, power, τp

2.66–5.25	Ti:sapphire laser + Nd:YAG laser, θeoe = 40 ◦ , ϕ = 0 ◦	60 % (quantum),	[95Kun]
		1–15 mJ, 2 ns

(f ) Crystal: Ag3AsS3

λ	Sources of interacting radiations,	Conversion e ciency,	Ref.
[µm]	crystal parameters	energy, power, τp

11–23	Two dye lasers	3 W (peak), 30 ns	[76Hoc]
3.7–10.2	OPO (1.06–1.67 µm) + 2 ω of phosphate glass laser	25–50 µJ, 10 ps	[80Bar1]
	(527 nm)

(g) Crystal: AgGaS2

λ	Sources of interacting radiations,	Conversion e ciency,	Ref.
[µm]	crystal parameters	energy, power, τp

5.5–18.3	Two dye lasers, θ = 90 ◦	4 W, 4 ns	[76Sey]
5–11	Dye laser + Nd:YAG laser, θeoe = 38–52 ◦	180 kW, 12 ns	[84Kat]
3.9–9.4	Dye laser + Nd:YAG laser	1 %, 8 ps	[85Els]
4–11	OPO (2–4 µm) + radiation at λ = 1.4–2.13 µm	1 kW, 8 ns	[86Bet]
8.7–11.6	Two dye lasers, θooe = 65–85 ◦	0.1 mW, 500 ns	[74Han]
4.6–12	Two dye lasers, θooe = 45–83 ◦	300 mW, 10 ns	[73Han]
7–9	Dye laser + Ti:sapphire laser, θooe = 90 ◦	1 µW, cw,	[92Can]
		∆ ν = 0.5 MHz
4.76–6.45	Dye laser + Ti:sapphire laser, θooe = 90 ◦ , L = 45 mm	20 µW, cw,	[92Hie]
4.26		∆ ν = 1 MHz
4.26	GaAlAs laser (858 nm) + Ti:sapphire laser (715 nm),	47 µW (cw),	[93Sim2]
	θooe = 90 ◦	89 µW (50 µs)
4.73; 5.12	Diode laser + Ti:sapphire laser, θooe = 90 ◦	1 µW, cw	[93Sim1]
5.2–6.4	Nd:YAG laser + near IR (DFG in LiIO3)	35 %, 23 ps	[88Spe]
3.4–7.0	Dye laser + Nd:YAG laser, θc = 53.2 ◦	17 µW (average),	[91Yod]
		2.16 ps, f = 76 MHz
4–10	Dye laser (1.1–1.4 µm) + Nd:glass laser (1.053 µm)	2 %, 10 nJ . . . 1 µJ, 1 ps	[93Dah]

(continued)

Landolt-B¨ornstein

New Series VIII/1A1

174	4.1.6 Di erence frequency generation	[Ref. p. 187

Table 4.1.28 (g) continued.

λ	Sources of interacting radiations,	Conversion e ciency,	Ref.
[µm]	crystal parameters	energy, power, τp

4.5–11.5	Dye laser (870–1000 nm) + Ti:sapphire laser (815 nm),	10 nJ, f = 1 kHz, 400 fs	[93Ham]
	θc = 45 ◦ , L = 1 mm
9	Ti:sapphire laser with dual wavelength output	0.03 pJ, f = 85 MHz	[93Bar1]
	(50–70 fs), θc = 44 ◦ , L = 1 mm
3.1–4.4	Ti:sapphire laser + Nd:YAG laser, ICDFG, θc = 74 ◦	0.3 mW, cw	[95Can]
2.5–5.5	Signal and idler pulses of OPO, θ = 40 ◦	0.5 mW, f = 82 MHz,	[94Loh]
		200 fs
6.2–9.7	Two Ti:sapphire lasers (696–804 nm and 766–910 nm)	3 µJ, 0.08 %, 13 ns	[96Aka]
6.8–12.5	Two diode lasers (766–786 nm and 830–868 nm)	1 µW, cw	[98Pet1]
2.4–12	Signal and idler waves of BBO based OPA	2.5 mW, 50 fs	[98Gol]
5–12	Signal and idler waves of LiNbO3 based OPO	0.1 mJ, 6 ns	[99Hai]
5	(1.8–2.7 µm)
5	Two diode lasers, θ = 90 ◦ , L = 30 mm	0.2 µW, cw	[96Sch]
(h) Crystal: AgGaSe2

λ	Sources of interacting radiations,	Conversion e ciency,	Ref.
[µm]	crystal parameters	energy, power, τp

7–15	OPO (1.5–1.7 µm) + Nd:YAG laser (1.32 µm),	1.2 %	[74Bye]
	θooe = 90–57 ◦
12.2–13	CO laser (5.67–5.85 µm) + CO2 laser, θ = 61 ◦	0.2 µW, cw	[73Kil]
8–18	Idler and signal waves of OPO	0.1 mJ, 3–6 ns	[93Bos]
5–18	Idler and signal waves of OPO, θooe = 51 ◦	0.2 mJ, 8 ns	[98Abe]
(i) Crystal: CdGeAs2

λ	Sources of interacting radiations,	Conversion e ciency,	Ref.
[µm]	crystal parameters	energy, power, τp

11.4–16.8	CO laser + CO2 laser	4 µW, cw	[74Kil]

(j) Crystal: GaSe

λ	Sources of interacting radiations,	Conversion e ciency,	Ref.
[µm]	crystal parameters	energy, power, τp

9.5–18	Dye laser + ruby laser	300 W, 20 ns	[76Abd]
4–12	Idler and signal waves of OPO	60 W	[78Bia]
7–16	Nd:YAG laser + laser on F2− colour centers,	0.1–1 kW, 10 ns	[80Gus]
	θooe = 13–15 ◦ , θeoe = 12–16 ◦
6–18	Dye laser (1.1–1.4 µm) + Nd:glass laser (1.053 µm)	10 nJ . . . 1 µJ, 1 ps	[93Dah]
5.2–18	Idler and signal waves of OPO, L = 1 mm	2 mW, 3.3 %,	[98Ehr]
		f = 76 MHz, 120 fs

(k) Crystal: CdSe

λ	Sources of interacting radiations,	Conversion e ciency,	Ref.
[µm]	crystal parameters	energy, power, τp

16	OPO signal wave (1.995 µm) + OPO idler wave	0.5 kW, 20 Hz, 10 ns	[77And2]
	(2.28 µm), θ = 62.22 ◦
9–22	OPO (2–4 µm) + radiation at λ = 1.4–2.13 µm	10–100 W, 8 ns	[86Bet]
10–20	OPO signal and idler waves, θ = 70 ◦ , eoo	50 % (quantum),	[95Dhi]

5–40 µJ, 10 ps

Landolt-B¨ornstein

New Series VIII/1A1

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