Файл: Типовик_Ноябрь 2008 English.doc

Task. Translate the following sentences into Russian

A.

1. Having looked through some magazines, I came across an interesting article.

2. Having written out and learned all the new words, he was able to translate the text easily.

3. Having read the story, she closed the book and put it on the shelf.

4. Having bought some juice and cakes, we went home.

5. Having lived in the south of our country, he cannot enjoy the beauty of St. Petersburg’s White Nights in summer.

6. Carrying on his experiment, he tried to get better results.

7. Having read the book, he went to the library.

8. Having the watts all figured out of any instant, the meter multiplies those by the length of time they are being used.

9. Having lost the key, the boy couldn’t get into the house.

10. Having graduated from the university, he decided to go to the Far East.

B.

1. Having fulfilled the terms of the contract, we refused to admit the claim of the film.

2. Having collected all the material, he was able to write a full report on the work of the commission.

3. Having descended the mountain, they heard a man calling for help.

4. Having written his first book, he couldn’t help worrying about the reaction of the critics.

5. Having been so far away from home, he still felt himself part of the family.

6. Having discussed characteristics of these rays, we shall now be concerned with the problem of identifying them.

7. Having studied the electronic structure of electricity, we shall now discuss the quantum structure of light on the basis of the photoelectric effect.

8. Having defined the units for length, mass and time, we can express through them the units for all other physical quantities.

9. Having applied this method, we shall be in a position to corroborate the theory.

10. Having studied nuclear reactions, we now turn to the question of how these radiations interact as they go through matter.

11. Having finished the test, he put down the results.

12. Having stated the laws of gravity, Newton was able to explain the structure of the Universe.

13. Having published his book about space exploration in 1895, Tsiolkovsky became known all over the world.

14. Having designed a car radar, the engineers started complex tests.

15. Having summed up the information about the speed and distance of various objects ahead, the computer detects all possible dangers and their nature.

16. Speaking of hydraulic turbines, it is interesting to point out that there has been a great increase in size, capacity and output of Russian turbines.Using a computer you can solve a lot of problems.Using superconductivity in thermonuclear installations, it is possible to make any experiments.

Тема 31. Причастие. Независимый причастный оборот в начале предложения

Перевод с союзами так как, когда, если Example: An object losing its potential energy, that energy is turned into kinetic one. – Когда (так как, если) предмет теряет свою потенциальную энергию, эта энергия переходит в кинетическую.

Task. Translate the following sentences into Russian

A.

1. The temperature being raised, the kinetic energy is increased.

2. The fluid increasing in temperature, its density decreases.

3. An electric current passing through a conductor, we generally detect it thanks to its various effects.

4. The molecules or atoms of gas being ionized, an electric current passes through that gas.

5. The article being ready, I shall show it to the teacher.

6. The flow of the current being reduced, the speed of the motor is correspondingly decreased.

7. It being a holiday, that university was closed.

8. The work finished, we went home.

9. The professor being ill, the lecture was put off.

10. A magnet being broken into two parts, we get two new smaller magnets.

B.

1. The young physicist having discovered a mistake in calculations, the experienced specialists corrected it.

2. The first TV-sets having been shown in 1939, the news about it spread throughout the world.

3. There being no other traffic on the road, the driver can maintain a constant high speed.

4. A gas being heated at constant pressure, work is done by the gas while expanding.

5. The plant having offered new high tech micromotors, the modern small-sized appliances appeared at the market for selling.

6. The resistance being very high, the current in the circuit was low at the constant voltage.

7. An alternating current flowing through a conductor, its direction reverses at regular intervals.

8. A conductor of any kind carrying an electric current, a magnetic field is set up around that conductor.

9. There being a lot of spare components at the workshop station, we could fit our car.

10. The magnetic lines of force being cut by the wire, an e.m.f. is induced in that wire.

11. Numerous calculations having been carried out at the research institute, it became possible to put in life the fifth generation airplanes.

12. A gas cooling down, the average speed of its molecules decreases.

13. Jablochkov’s candle having given the first and the most important stimulus to the development of a.c. systems, a number of plants began to produce a.c. generators.

14. With the current in the circuit of the primary winding increasing, the magnetic flux of the transformer core also increases.

Radiowave impulses being transmitted and received by radars, the operators can easily detect the location and velocity of planes in the sky.

Тема 32. Причастие. Независимый причастный оборот в конце предложения

Перевод с союзами а, и, но, причем Example: I finished the experiment, my friend having helped me. – Я закончил эксперимент, причем мой друг мне помог.

Task. Translate the following sentences into Russian

A.

1. The term “speed” means the rate of motion, the term “velocity” meaning the speed in a definite direction.

2. The direction of vectors can be represented by arrows, the length of the arrows indicating their magnitude.

3. Different molecules have different speeds, the average speed of all molecules remaining the same as long as the temperature is constant.

4. The atoms form combinations known as molecules, a molecule being defined as the smallest part of a substance.

5. People began to use the first steam engines many years ago, the above engines having been built in the 17-th century.

6. Metals are excellent conductors, the best conductors of electricity being also the best conductors of heat.

7. Working at his new device, the inventor made a number of improvements, the latter resulting from his own experiments.

8. Germanium was predicted by Mendeleev, the German scientist Ninkler discovering it seventeen years later.

9. The inventor demonstrated his new device, the students watching its operation very attentively.

10. Metals are the best conductors of electricity, non-metals being rather poor ones..

B.

1. Most electricity we receive from electric power plants, portable generators running on petrol being in use as well.

2. The warm air rises, cooler air flowing around the lower part of the stove and warmer air going upward the ceiling.

3. Lasers produce intense, directional, pure in colour, light beams, the latter being focused by the lens system.

4. When a liquid boils evaporation takes place, small bubbles of vapour forming within the liquid.

5. The first question to be asked about any reactor is just how neutrons are deposed off, the object of every reactor designer being to make them stop operating safely.

6. The electric current is the flow of electrons through a metal conductor, these electrons flowing along a wire just like water runs through a pipe.

7. In radio engineering work it is common to use the term megohm instead of large figures amounting to millions of ohms, the prefix “mega” standing for a million.

8. We are quite familiar with two properties of an electric current-resistance and self-inductance, the latter properly having been discovered by Faraday.

9. Many electronic devices are constructed on the basis of transistors, the multifunctional printed circuit boards (PCB), so called chips, have been developed and being widely used.

10. An e.m.f. is induced in the coil by the lines of force of its own changing magnetic field, this effect being called self-induction.

11. The lines of force from the first coil induce a current in the circuit of the second coil, this being another kind of induction.

12. To generate a current by magnetic action, a wire is made to pass through a magnetic field, the latter being set up either by a permanent magnet or an electromagnet.

13. Electric current can be generated by magnetic action, all of them being based on the principle of cutting magnetic force lines with a conductor.

14. In transistor there are two circuits, one of which contains the emitter and the base, the other containing the collector and the base.

15. The famous English architect Anthony Panizzi designed the Reading Room of the British Museum in London, the Reading Room being a perfect circle.

Тема 33. Герундий. Сложный герундиальный оборот

Example: Mankind is interested in atomic energy being used only for peaceful needs. – Человечество заинтересовано в том, чтобы атомная энергия использовалась только в мирных целях. being used – Simple Passive Gerund.

Task. Translate the following sentences into Russian

A.

1. We know of the earth behaving as a large magnet.

2. They objected to his starting some laboratory measurements.

3. The teacher objects to our translating such an easy text with a dictionary.

4. We have learnt of his starting a series of new laboratory experiments in the field of electronic devices.

5. Everybody knows about Franklin’s having worked in the field of electricity.

6. We know of Faraday’s discovering electromagnetic induction.

7. It was reported of his having been appointed to a new job.

8. I was told of their having finished their experiment.

9. We have heard of experiments having been started in the spaceship.

10. In electronics any designer prefers all components being small-sized.

B.

1. We have read of Jacobi’s having utilized an electromagnetic engine for practical purpose.

2. I remember my having told her about my training abroad.

3. The professor insisted on our team repeating test of measuring current, voltage and resistance.

4. Nowadays everybody knows of Newton’s formulating the universal law of gravitation after the apple having been fallen.

5. We know of the pyrometer being used for measuring temperatures that are too high for mercury thermometers.

6. We know of this stainless steel having been used owing to its high quality.

7. The failure was due to the operator’s having been careless in using the instrument.

8. We know of Einstein’s formulating the theory of relativity.

9. Everybody knows of Newton’s having developed the principles of mechanics.

10. Mankind is worried about scientists’ using atomic energy not only for peaceful purposes.

11. We insisted on the contract being signed immediately.

12. Electrical engineering requires every student’s being good in electric circuits such as open, closed, series, parallel and short ones.

13. Our scientific chief objected to the high voltage transformers having been sent to the producing plant.We do not mind your repairing this electric motor.

Тема 34. Герундий. Сложный герундиальный оборот в функции подлежащего

Example: Our having been asked to make such experiment onсe more surprised him a lot. – То, что нас попросили выполнить этот эксперимент еще раз, сильно удивило его. having been asked – Perfect Passive Gerund.