Файл: Типовик_Ноябрь 2008 English.doc

Had we had an ammeter, we should have been able to measure current. – Если бы у нас был амперметр, мы смогли бы изме-рить ток.
Had they used alternative technologies, the ecological situation in the region would have been better. –Если бы они пользова-лись ресурсосберегающими технологиями, экологическая ситуация в регионе была бы лучше.

Task. Translate the following sentences into Russian

Had the people discovered electricity earlier, they would not have used candles.
Hadn't he been so lazy, he would have graduated from the institute a year ago.
Hadn't he been so absent-minded, he would have been a post-graduate student now.
Had we used d.c. voltage, we should not have been able to use transformers to increase or reduced it.
Had we used silver conductors in our device, it would have been much more expensive.
Had the device been repaired well, it would not have been so inefficient.
Had the student used a dictionary, he would not have made so many mistakes in his translation.
Had I studied well, I should have passed my exams.
Had they used a better device, their results would have been more accurate.
Had the weather been warmer, the fuel consumption would have been lower.

Has he known about all electrical hazards, he would not have made that experiment so carelessly.
Could high tech electronics have provided them, the superpowerful amplifiers on transistors would be used in radars.
Had there been a potential difference between the two points, there would have been a current flow between them.
Had several modern medical probes been designed in the beginning of the twentieth century, a lot of lives would have been saved.
Had semiconductors been discovered earlier, most modern semiconductor devices would have been more advanced.
Had the protection equipment been turned on earlier, the cascading failure would not have developed.
Had medicine been developed better in the Middle Ages, it would have been possible to prevent a lot of epidemics.
Had the thermal power station used natural gas instead of coal, air in the city would have been cleaner.
Could the scientists of the past have used computers, it would have been much easier for them to make their calculations.
Had the German researcher Schliemann (1822 – 1890) had better archeological or historical education, he would not have made his excavations in Asia Minor so carelessly and illogically.
Had ships of ancient Greeks been made of metal sheets instead of wood, they would have been much stronger.
Had measurement instrumentation been designed better, our results would have been much more reliable.
Had the devices had a lightning conductor, they would not have been damaged during the thunderstorm.
Had one of the windings or the iron core been damaged, the transformer would have been useless.
Had the electricity not been discovered, life in the twentieth century would have been very different.
Had safety regulations been observed, there would not have been several accidents at atomic power plants.
Could they have seen the machines in operation, then they would have had a better idea of the design.Had ancient people known more about thunderstorms, they would not have been afraid of them so much.

Тема 27. Страдательный (пассивный) залог

Examples:

1. The experiment was carried out last week. – Эксперимент был выполнен на прошлой неделе.

2. More bus lanes should be built. – Следует построить больше автобусных линий.

Task. Translate the following sentences into Russian.

А.

The machines were inspected last year.
90% of the world’s business will be done on the Internet.
The Pyramids were built by the ancient Egyptians.
Who was America discovered by?
Who was the prize given to?
The morning newspapers are usually delivered at 8.
The goods were not delivered on time.
Today’s newspaper hasn’t been delivered yet.
My camera is being repaired this week.
Many new houses have been built this year.

The laboratory should be given new equipment.
We have been given all the necessary information.
The institute was promised financial support.
The children were well looked after.
The situation is serious. Something must be done before it’s too late.
I haven’t received the letter. It might have been sent to the wrong address.
Have you been shown what to do?
Many accidents are caused by dangerous driving.
It has been proved that there is no life on the moon.
A new residential block is being built near the park in the city now.
All the documents of the contract had been signed before the top manager arrived to the office.
The results of the exam aren’t going to be published.
The car does not have to be modernized.
The work could be done another time.
In the newspapers it is reported that plans have been approved for construction of six floating nuclear power stations.
Radio waves can be used to send coded information very fast over long distances including interplanet communications.
Today's aircraft is expected to be replaced by a new fifth generation model of hypersonic aircraft.
Optical technology including high tech optical generators, amplifiers and fibre-optic cables has been found to be cost effective.
The computer's controller having been developed very carefully, its operation is reliable.

Тема 28. Страдательный залоги его особенности

Examples:

1. Не was often laughed at. – Над ним часто смеялись.

2. Big earthquakes can be followed by decades of inactivity. – За землетрясениями могут следовать годы (сейсмической) неактивности.

3. He is said to work much. – Говорят, что он много работает.

4. It is known that he is a great scientist. – Известно, что он –великий ученый.

А.

The production of alloys is seldom influenced by gravity.
Lead is very slightly acted upon by the oxygen of the air.
When the delegation arrived the designer was sent for.
The construction of the machine is paid great attention to.
Newton’s laws of motion are often referred to.
The neutron is not influenced by magnetic field.
This requirement will be much spoken about.
The papers were followed by interesting discussions.
He is said to know several foreign languages.
Oh, I was supposed to start with a joke.

The production of alloys is seldom influenced by gravity.
The description is followed by a discussion of lunar programme proposed.
The experimental model will be followed by mass production of the mechanisms.
The works of Tsiolkovsky were followed by a number of very important works in the field of astronautics.
The invention of steam engine was followed by the first industrial revolution.
Conference papers are often followed by discussion.
The huge automatic unit in the shop is looked after by only a few men.
The new model of the device will be worked at in the plant laboratory.
The original design of the device was already referred to in some journals.
The engineers’ measurements and calculations can be relied on.
The operation of the turbine will not be influenced by outer factors.
All these problems will be dealt with from both theoretical and experimental viewpoints.
The conductivity of metals is very little influenced by temperature.
The discovery of that substance is much spoken about.
His lectures are always listened to with much attention.
Any flying vehicle is acted upon by aerodynamic forces.
International cooperation in the field of space and science may be spoken of as a long-standing tradition.
Can anyone among us explain what exactly is thought leadership?
Two quasars were thought to be one, an illusion of the cosmos.
How am I supposed to survive on my less than $200 per month as a music teacher?
It is heard that the wrong doings of a few in America in the last 8 years resulted in the loss of wealth they built up over 100 years.
It was seen that light had a constant speed irrespective of the frame of reference
His ideas have been seen through various eyes, and new light has been thrown upon these ideas.
The letter has been described as the first direct communication from an Iranian leader to an American president since 1979.
I bought a motorcycle that was described as perfect on Website.In this case, the backslash is followed by at most six hexadecimal digits.

Тема 29. Причастие в функции определения

Examples:

1. The word said by the student was not correct. – Слово, сказанное студентом (которое сказал студент), было неправильным.

2. The man saying goodbye to his friends is a well-known musician. – Человек, прощающийся с друзьями, хорошо известный музыкант.

Task. Translate the following sentences into Russian

A letter sent from St. Petersburg today will be in Moscow tomorrow.
He saw some people in the post-office sending telegrams.
Some of the questions put to the lecturer yesterday were very important.
The girl putting the back on the shelf is the new librarian.
A word spoken in time may have very important results.
The students speaking good English must help their classmates.
A line seen through this crystal looks double.
A teacher seeing a mistake in a student’s dictation always corrects it.
The books written by this author are very popular.
The man writing something at the table near the window is my brother.

The house surrounded by tall trees is very beautiful.
The wall surrounding the house was very high.
We couldn’t see the sun covered by the dark clouds.
His hat blown off by the wind was lying in the middle of the street.
The theory of relativity of Einstein explaining the Universe mathematically is a powerful tool of physics.
Carbon atoms bound together form a chain.
Organic compounds called hydrocarbons have only hydrogen and carbon.
Electrical energy produced on board of spacecraft from chemical, nuclear or solar energy is not efficient enough.
Synthetic plastics used in machine-building instead of metals are very popular nowadays.
Maxwell’s theory considering electric charges and electric magnetic waves is the foundation of the science of electricity and magnetism.
A man weighed on the moon finds out that his weight is one-sixth of his weight on the Earth.
An object pushed or pulled by forces changes its position from the state of rest to the state of motion or from motion to rest.
A thermodynamic system defined as a body or a group of bodies receiving or giving out heat or other forms of energy is described by the pressure, the temperature and the volume.
Rutherford’s discovery of nuclear atom further developed by Bohr, furnished a detailed explanation of the spectrum of the hydrogen atoms.A detailed discussion of the exact nature of all fundamental particles dealt with physics is unnecessary in his book.

Тема 30. Причастие в функции обстоятельства или обстоятельственный (зависимый) причастный оборот

Example:

Trying to develop that method, he continued studying the problem. – Пытаясь разработать этот метод, он предложил изучить проблему.
Reading a book, he used a dictionary. – Читая книгу, он пользовался словарем.

doing – делая; having done – сделав