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121

Литература

9. 

Tunving K. et al.

 «A Way Out of the Fog: An Out%Patient Program for Cannabis Abusers », pp. 207—12 in

Chesher G. et al. (eds), Marijuana: An International Research Report, Canberra: Australian Government Publishing
Service (1988); 

Hendin H. et al. 

Living High: Daily Marijuana Use Among Adults, New York: Human Sciences Press

(1987); 

Stephens R.S. et al.

 «Adult Marijuana Users Seeking Treatment», Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

61: 1100—04 (1993); 

Novak W. 

(1980), см. № 7.

10. 

Jones R.T.

  «Marijuana: Health and Treatment Issues», Psychiatric Clinics of North America 7: 703—12

(1984); 

Chalsma A.L., Boyum D.

 Marijuana Situation Assessment, Washington, DC: Office of National Drug Control

Policy (1994); U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Epidemiological Trends in Drug Abuse, Volume I:
Highlights and Executive Summary, Rockville, MD (1995); 

Leshner A.I.

 «Marijuana, Medicine and the Law», The

Washington Post (5 October 1994), p. A22.

11. 

Hubbard R.L. et al. 

Drug Abuse Treatment: A National Study of Effectiveness, Chapel Hill: University of

North Carolina Press (1989); 

Didcott P. et al.

 A Profile of Addicts in Residential Treatment in New South Wales,

Sidney: New South Wales Department of Health (1988); 

Stephens R.S. et al.

 (1993), см. № 9.

12. 

Stefanis C. et al.

 «Experimental Observations of a 3%Day Hashish Abstinence Period and Reintroduction of

Use», Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 282: 113—20 (1976); 

Mendelson J.H. et al.

 «Marijuana Withdrawal

Syndrome in a Woman», American Journal of Psychiatry 141: 1289—90 (1984); 

Williams E.G. et al. 

«Studies on

Marihuana and Pyrahexl Compound», Public Health Reports 61: 1059—83 (1946); 

Greenberg I. et al.

 «Psychiatric

and Behavioral Observations of Casual and Heavy Marijuana Users», Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
282: 72—84 (1976);  

Soueif M.I.

 «Hashish Consumption in Egypt, With Special Reference to Psychosocial Aspects»,

Bulletin on Narcotics 19: 1—12 (1967); 

Bensusan A.D.

 «Marihuana Withdrawal Symptoms», British Journal of

Medicine 3: 112 (1971); 

Solowij N. et al.

 «Biopsychosocial Changes Associated with Cessation of Cannabis Use: A

Single Case Study of Acute and Chronic Effects, Withdrawal and Treatment», Life Sciences 56: 2127—35 (1995);

Miles C.G. et al.

 An Experimental Study of the Effects of Daily Cannabis Smoking on Behavioural Patterns, Toronto,

Canada: Addiction Research Foundation (1974); 

Mendelson J.H. et al.

 «The Effects of Marihuana Use on Human

Operant Behavior: Individual Data», pp. 643—53 in Braude M.C. Szara S. (eds), The Pharmacology of  Marihuana,
New York: Raven Press (1976).

13. 

Jones R.T. et al.

 «Clinical Relevance of Cannabis Tolerance and Dependence», Journal of Clinical Pharmacology

21: 143%525 (1981).

14. Reported in Gannon R. «The Truth About Pot» Popular Science 192: 76—79 (May 1968).

15. 

Jones R.T. et al.

 «Clinical Studies of Tolerance and Dependence», Annals of the New York Academy of

Sciences 282: 221—39 (1976).

16. 

Wiesbeck G.A. et al.

 «An Evaluation of the History of a Marijuana Withdrawal Syndrome in a Large Population»,

Addiction 91: 1469—78 (1996).

17. 

Compton D.R. et al.

 «Cannabis Dependence and Tolerance Production » Advances in Alcohol and Substance

Abuse 9: 129—47 (1990); 

Jones R.T.

 «Cannabis Tolerance and Dependence» pp. 617—90 in Fehr K.O., Kalant H.

Cannabis and Health Hazards, Toronto: Addiction Research Foundation (1983); 

Adams I.B., Martin B.R.

 «Cannabis:

Pharmacology and Toxicity in Animals and Humans», Addiction 91: 1585—1614 (1996).

18. 

Aceto M.D. et al.

 «Cannabinoid Precipitated Withdrawal by the Selective Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonist,

SR 141716A», European Journal of Pharmacology 82: Rl—2 (1995).

19. 

Shalala D.

 Remarks at National Conference on Marijuana Use: Prevention, Treatment and Research, sponsored

by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, Arlington, VA (July 1995); 

Swan N.

 «Marijuana Antagonist Reveals Evidence

of THC Dependence in Rats», NIDA Notes 10, 6: 1 (1995); 

Ferrell D.

 «Scientists Unlocking Secrets of Marijuana's

Effects», Los Angeles Times, Washington Edition (19 December 1996), p. A4.

20. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Drug Abuse and Drug Abuse Research, Rockville, MD

(1991), p. 133.

21. 

Hilts P.J.

 «Is Nicotine Addictive? It Depends on Whose Criteria You Use», New York Times (2 August

1994), p. C3.

22. 

Hall W. et al. 

The Health and Psychological Consequences of Cannabis Use, Canberra: Australian

Government Publishing Service (1994); 

Roffman R.A., Barnhart R.

 «Assessing Need for Marijuana Dependence

Treatment Through an Anonymous Telephone Interview», International Journal of the Addictions 22: 639—51 (1987).

23. 

Miller N.S., Gold M.S.

 «The Diagnosis of Marijuana (Cannabis) Dependence», Journal of Substance Abuse

Treatment 6: 183—92 (1989), p. 184.

24. 

Gold M.S.

 Marijuana, New York: Plenum Medical Book Company (1989), p. 96.

25. 

Gold M.S.

 The Good News About Drugs and Alcohol, New York: Villard Books (1991); 

Schwartz R.H.

«Identifying and Helping Patients Who Use Marijuana», Post Graduate Medicine 86, 6: 91—95 (1989); 

Estroff


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122

Марихуана: мифы и факты

T.W., Gold M.S.

 «Psychiatric Presentations of Marijuana Abuse», Psychiatric Annals 16: 221—24 (1986); 

Schnoll

S.H., Daghestani A.N. 

«Treatment of Marijuana Abuse», Psychiatric Annals 16: 249—54 (1986); 

Kleber H.D.

«Treatment of Drug Dependence: What Works?» International Review of Psychiatry 1: 81—100 (1989); 

Smith J.W.

et al.

 «A Marijuana Smoking Cessation Clinical Trial Utilizing THC%Free Marijuana, Aversion Therapy, and Self%

Management Counseling», Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 5: 89—98 (1988); 

Tennant F.S.

 «The Clinical

Syndrome of Marijuana Dependence», Psychiatric Annals 16: 225—34 (1986); 

Dupont R.L.

 Getting Tough on

Gateway Drugs, Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press (1984); 

Gold M.S. 

(1989), см. № 24; 

Miller N.S.,

Gold M.S.

 (1989), см. № 23.

26. 

Peele S.

 The Diseasing of America, Lexington, MA: Lexington Books (1989).

27. 

Normand J. et al.

 Under the Influence: Drugs and the American Workforce, Washington, DC: National

Academy Press (1994); «SmithKline Test Index Shows Continued Drop in Test Positives», Drug Detection Report
(5 March 1996), p. 1.

28. 

Zimmer L., Jacobs J.B.

 «The Business of Drug Testing: Technological Innovation and Social Control»

Contemporary Drug Problems 19: 1—26 (1992); Jacobs J.B. 

Zimmer L.

 «Drug Treatment and Workplace Drug

Testing: Politics, Symbolism and Organizational Dilemmas», Behavioral Sciences and the Law 9: 345—60 (1991).

4.

 ТЕОРИЯ «ВХОДНЫХ ВОРОТ»

1. Join Together, Monthly Action Kit: Increase in Marijuana Use Among Young People, Boston (1995).

2. Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, Cigarettes, Alcohol, and Marijuana: Gateways to Illicit Drugs, New

York (1994), p. 9.

3. 

Nahas G.

 Keep Off the Grass, Middlebury, VT: Paul S. Eriksson (1990), p. xxiii.

4. Senator 

Orrin Hatch

, Senate Judiciary Committee Hearings, Teenage Drug Use (4 September 1996).

5. 

Chalsma A. L., Boyum D.

 Marijuana Situation Assessment, Washington, DC: Office of National Drug

Control Policy (1994), p. 5.

6. 

Himmelstein J.L.

 The Strange Career of Marihuana: Politics and Ideology of Drug Control in the United

States, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press (1983); 

Regush N.M.

 The Drug Addiction Dilemma, New York: Dial Press

(1971).

7. 

Glaser D. et al.

 «Later Heroin Use by Marijuana%Using and Non%Drug%Using Adolescent Offenders in New

York City», International Journal of the Addictions 4: 145—55 (1969); 

Goode E.

 «Multiple Drug Use Among Marijuana

Smokers», Social Problems 17: 48—64 (1969).

8. 

Blum R.H. et al. 

Students and Drugs, San Francisco: Jossey%Bass (1970); 

Shick J.F.E. et al. 

«Use of

Marijuana in the Haight%Ashbury Subculture», Journal of Psychedelic Drugs 2:49—65 (1968); 

McGlothlin W.H.,

West L.J.

 «The Marijuana Problem: An Overview», American Journal of Psychiatry 125: 370—78 (1968).

9. 

Clayton R.R.

 «Cocaine Use in the United States», pp. 8—34 in Kozel N.J., Adams E.H. (eds), Cocaine Use

in America: Epidemiologic and Clinical Perspectives, Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse (1985);

Yamaguchi K., Kandel D.B.

 «Patterns of Drug Use from Adolescence to Young Adulthood II», American Journal of

Public Health 74: 668—72 (1984).

10. 

Single E. et al.

 «Patterns of Multiple Drug Use in High School», Journal of Health and Social Behavior 15:

344—57 (1974); 

Yu J., Williford W.R. 

«The Age of Onset and Alcohol, Cigarette, and Marijuana Use Patterns: An

Analysis of Drug Use Progression of Young Adults in New York State», International Journal of the Addictions 27:
1313—23 (1992); 

Kandel D.B. et al.

 «Stages of Progression in Drug Involvement from Adolescence to Adulthood:

Further Evidence for the Gateway Theory» Journal of Studies on Alcohol 53: 447— 57 (1992); 

Blum R.H. et al.

(1970), см. № 8.

11. 

Cohen P., Sas A.

 «Cannabis Use as a Stepping Stone to Other Drug Use? The Case of Amsterdam», pp. 49—

82 in Bollinger L. (ed), Cannabis Science: From Prohibition to Human Right, New York: Peter Lang (1997); 

Blaze

Temple D., Lo S.K.

 «Stages of Drug Use: A Community Survey of Perth Teenagers», British Journal of Addiction

87: 215—25 (1992); 

Chowdhury A.N.

 «Cannabis: A Note from Bengal», Addiction 91: 766—67 (1996); 

Soueif

M.I.

 «The Use of Cannabis in Egypt: A Behavioral Study», Bulletin on Narcotics 23, 4: 17—28 (1971).

12. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse:

Main Findings 1994, Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (1996), pp. 132—34.

13. 

Clayton R.R., Voss H.L.

 Young Men and Drugs in Manhattan: A Causal Analysis, Rockville, MD: National

Institute on Drug Abuse (1981); 

Welte J.W., Barnes G.M.

 «Alcohol: The Gateway to Other Drug Use Among

Secondary%School Students», Journal of Youth and Adolescence 14: 487—98 (1985); 

Robins N.L., Murphy G.E.

«Drug Use in a Normal Population of Young Negro Men», American Journal of Public Health 57: 1580—96 (1967);


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123

Литература

National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse, Marihuana: A Signal of Misunderstanding, Washington, DC:
U.S. Government Printing Office (1972), pp. 340—67; 

Glaser D. et al.

 (1969), см. № 7.

14. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (1996), см. № 12 pp. 27—37; National Institute

on Drug Abuse, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse: Main Findings 1990, Rockville, MD: U.S. Department
of Health and Human Services (1991), pp. 20—30; 

Johnston L.D. et al.

 National Survey Results on Drug Use from

the Monitoring the Future Study, 1975—1994, Volume I: Secondary School Students, Rockville, MD: U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services (1995), pp. 78—82.

15. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (1996), см. № 12, p. 48.

16. 

Johnson V.

 «A Longitudinal Assessment of Predominant Patterns of Drug Use Among Adolescents and

Young Adults», pp. 173—82 in Chesher G. et al. (eds), Marijuana: An International Research, Report, Canberra:
Australian Government Publishing Service (1988); 

Mullins C.J. et al. 

«Variables Related to Cannabis», International

Journal of the Addictions 10: 481—502 (1975); 

Yamaguchi K., Kandel D.P. 

«Patterns of Drug Use from Adolescence

to Young Adulthood III: Predictors of Progression», American Journal of Public Health 74: 673—81 (1984);

Donovan J.E., Jessor R.

 «Problem Drinking and the Dimensions of Involvement with Drugs» American Journal of

Public Health 73: 543—52 (1983); 

Ellickson P. et al.

 «Stepping Through the Drug Use Sequence: Longitudinal

Scalogram Analysis of Initiation and Regular Use», Journal of Abnormal Psychology 101: 441—51 (1992);

Kandel D.P., Yamaguchi K.

 «From Beer to Crack: Developmental Patterns of Drug Involvement», American Journal

of Public Health 83: 851—55 (1993); 

Inciardi J.A., Pottieger A.E.

 «Kids, Crack and Crime», Journal of Drug Issues

21: 257070 (1991).

17. 

Golub A., Johnson B.D.

 «The Shifting Importance of Alcohol and Marijuana as Gateway Substances Among

Serious Drug Abusers», Journal of Studies on Alcohol 55: 607—14 (1994); 

Kandel D.P., Davies M.

 «High School

Students Who Use Crack and Other Drugs», Archives of General Psychiatry 53: 71—80 (1996); 

Kandel D., Faust R.

«Sequence and Stages in Patterns of Adolescent Drug Use», Archives of General Psychiatry 32: 923—32 (1975).

18. 

Kandel D.P. et al. 

«Cocaine Use in Young Adulthood: Patterns of Use and Psychosocial Correlates», pp.

76—110 in Kozel N.J., Adams E.H. (eds), Cocaine Use in America: Epidemiologic and Clinical Perspectives, Rockville,
MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse (1985).

19. 

Gove W.R. et al.

 «Drug Use and Mental Health Among a Representative National Sample of Young Adults»,

Social Forces 58: 572—90 (1979); 

Kaplan H.B. et al.

 «Pathways to Adolescent Drug Use: Self%Derogation, Peer

Influence, Weakening of Social Controls, and Early Substance Use», Journal of Health and Social Behavior 25: 270—
89 (1982); 

Donovan J.E. et al. 

«Syndrome of Problem Behavior in Adolescence: A Replication», Journal of Consulting

and Clinical Psychology 56: 762—65 (1988); 

Scheier L.M., Newcombe M.D.

 «Psycho%social Predictors of Drug

Use Initiation and Escalation: An Expansion of the Multiple Risk Factors Hypothesis Using Longitudinal Data»,
Contemporary Drug Problems 18: 31—73 (1991); 

Shedler J., Block J.

 «Adolescent Drug Use and Psychological

Health», American Psychologist 45: 612—30 (1990); 

Robins L.N.

 «Sturdy Childhood Predictors of Adult Antisocial

Behaviour: Replications from Longitudinal Studies», Psychological Medicine 8: 611—22 (1978); 

Farrell A.D. et al.

«Relationship Between Drug Use and Other Problem Behaviors in Urban Adolescents», Joumal of Consulting and
Clinical Psychology 60: 705—12 (1992); 

Yamaguchi K.  Kandel D.P. 

(1984), см. № 16; 

Kandel D.P., Davies M.

(1996), см. № 17.

20. 

Johnston L.D. et al.

 «Drugs and Delinquency: A Search for Causal Connections», pp. 137—56 in Kandel D.P. (ed),

Longitudinal Research on Drug Use: Empirical Findings and Methodological Issues, New York: John Wiley & Sons (1978);

Clayton R.R. 

«The Delinquency and Drug Use Relationship Among Adolescents: A Critical Review», pp. 82—103 in

Lettieri D.J., Ludford J.P. (eds), Drug Abuse and the American Adolescent, Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse
(1981); 

Elliot D.S., Ageton A.R. 

Structural Delinquency and Drug Use, Boulder, CO: Behavioral Research Institute (1976);

Donovan J., Jessor R.

 «Structure of Problem Behavior in Adolescence and Young Adulthood», Journal of Consulting and

Clinical Psychology 53: 890—904 (1985); 

Block J. et al.

 «Longitudinally Foretelling Drug Usage in Adolescence: Early

Childhood Personality and Environmental Precursors», Child Development 59: 336—55 (1988); 

Robins L.N., McEvoy L.

«Conduct Problems as Predictors of Substance Abuse» pp. 182—204 in Robins L.N., Rutter M. (eds), Straight and Devious
Pathways from Childhood to Adulthood, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (1990).

21. Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (1994), см. № 2.

22. 

Tanda G. et al.

 «Cannabinoid and Heroin Activation of Mesolimbic Dopamine Transmission by a Common

µ

, Opioid Receptor Mechanism» Science 276: 2048—50 (1997).

23. 

Blakeslee S.

 «Brain Studies Tie Marijuana to Other Drugs», New York Times (27 June 1997), p. A16.

24. 

Casteneda E. et al.

 «THC Does Not Affect Striatal Dopamine Release: Microdialysis in Freely Moving Rats»,

Pharmacology Biochemstry and Behavior 40: 587—91 (1991); 

Herkenham M.

 «Localization of Cannabinoid Receptors

in Brain and Periphery», pp. 145—66 in Pertwee R. (ed), Cannabinoid Receptors, New York: Academic Press (1995).


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Марихуана: мифы и факты

5.

 ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВО И НАКАЗАНИЯ

ЗА ПРАВОНАРУШЕНИЯ, СВЯЗАННЫЕ С МАРИХУАНОЙ

1. 

Peterson R.E. 

The Success of Tough Drug Enforcement, Vestal, NY: Performance Accountability Evaluations

(1996), p. iv.

2. 

Pierre R.E. 

«Marijuana's Violent Side», Washington Post (9 September 1996), p. l.

3. 

McGowan P.

 Minnesota sheriff, quoted in Suro R. «Political Rhetoric Overlooks Change in Drug%Use Patterns»,

Washington Post (24 September 1996), p. l.

4. 

Bennett W.

 Director of National Drug Control Policy, quoted in «Too Easy on Drugs, Bennett Tells», The

Sacramento Bee (19 June 1990), p.1.

5. Senator 

Mitch McConnell

, Senate Judiciary Committee Hearings, Teenage Drug Use (4 September 1996).

6. National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse, Marihuana: A Signal of Misunderstanding, Washington,

DC: U.S. Government Printing Office (1972), p. 152.

7. National Research Council, An Analysis of Marijuana Policy, Washington, DC: National Academy Press

(1982).

8. Office of National Drug Control Policy, National Drug Control Strategy, Washington, DC: The White House

(1996); Office of National Drug Control Policy, National Drug Control Strategy: Budget Summary, Washington,
DC: The White House (1995).

9. U.S. Sentencing Commission, Annual Report, Washington, DC: United States Sentencing Commission

(1994), p. 119.

10. Uniform Crime Report data, provided by State of Georgia, Bureau of Investigation (August 1996).

11. Wisconsin Office of Justice Assistance, Drug Problems in Wisconsin, Madison: Statistical Analysis Center

(1997).

12. Uniform Crime Report data, provided by New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services (22 August

1996); 

Krauss C.

 «Crackdown Is Intensified in Quality%of%Life Crimes», New York Times (6 March 1996), p. B3.

13. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse:

Population Estimates 1994, Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (1995).

14. U.S. Sentencing Commission, Annual Report, Washington, DC: U.S. Sentencing Commission (1995), p. 103.

15. Illinois Department of Corrections, personal communication (1 October 1996).

16. California Department of Justice, Crime and Delinquency in California, 1994, Sacramento (1995).

17. New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services, Characteristics of 1995 Adult Arrestees for Marijuana,

New York (July 1996).

18. National Criminal Justice Association, A Guide to State Controlled Substances Acts, Washington, DC

(1991); Bureau of Justice Statistics, Drugs, Crime and the Justice System, Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Justice (1992), pp. 178—81; 

Thomas C.

 Citizens' Guide to Marijuana Laws, Washington, DC: National Organization

for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (1994).

19. Federal Bureau of Prisons, personal communication to the Marijuana Policy Project, Washington, DC (8

November 1995); U.S. Sentencing Commission (1995), см. № 14, p. 110.

20. 

Thomas C.

 Marijuana Arrests and Incarceration in the United States: Preliminary Report, Washington, DC:

Marijuana Policy Project (1995).

21. Michigan Department of Corrections, 1995 Statistical Report, Lansing (1996).

22. New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services, Sentences for Marijuana Convictions in 1995, New

York (July 1996).

23. Criminal Justice Policy Council, Arrests and Dispositions, Texas Narcotics Control Program, Calendar Year

1989, Austin (1991).

24. State of Georgia, Department of Corrections, personal communication (23 August 1996).

25. Department of Corrections, Characteristics of Population in California State Prisons, By Institution,

Sacramento (1996).

26. 

Butterfield F.

 «Tough Law on Sentences is Criticized», New York Times (8 March 1996), p. A8.

27. 

Thomas S. 

(1994), см. № 18.

28. Anti%Drug Abuse Act of 1988, 42 U.S.C. section 5301; Bureau of Justice Statistics (1992), см. № 18, p. 184.


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125

Литература

29. Marijuana Policy Project, Smoke a Joint, Lose Your License: July 1995 Status Report, Washington, DC (1995).

30. 

Erickson P.G. 

Cannabis Criminals, Toronto: Addiction Research Foundation (1980); 

Schain R.

 «Doing

Major Time for a Minor Crime», New York Times (10 March 1996), p. 23.

31. 

Treaster J.

  «Miami Beach's New Drug Weapon Will Fire Off Letters to the Employer», New York Times (23

February 1991), p. 9.

32. 

Gerstein D.R., Harwood H.J.

 Treating Drug Problems, Volume I, Washington, DC: National Academy

Press (1990); 

Erwin B.S. 

«Old and New Tools for the Modern Probation Officer», Crime and Delinquency 36: 61—

74 (1990); 

Navarro M.

 «Experimental Courts are Using New Strategies to Blunt the Lure of Drugs», New York Times

(17 October 1996), p. A25.

33. Anti%Drug Abuse Act of 1988, 42 U.S.C. section 1437; 

Webster B., Connors E.F. 

The Police, Drugs, and

Public Housing, Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice (1992).

34. Bureau of Justice Statistics (1992), см. № 18, p. 187.

35. 

Hyde H.

 Forfeiting Our Property Rights, Washington, DC: Cato Institute (1995); 

Duke S.B., Gross A.C.

America's Longest War, New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons (1993); 

Reed T.G.

 «American Forfeiture Law: Property

Owners Meet the Prosecutor», Policy Analysis 179: 1—32 (1992).

36. 

O'Hair J.D.

 «Campaign Push%Off», pp. 38—42 in Beyond Convictions: Prosecutors As Community Leaders

in the War on Drugs, Alexandria, VA: American Prosecutors Research Institute (1993).

37. 

Reed T.G.

 (1992), см. № 35; Gross, Duke (1993), см. № 35.

38. Hyde (1995), см. № 35, pp. 12%13.

39. Office of National Drug Control Policy (1996), см. № 8, p. 50.

40. Hyde (1995), см. № 35, p. 327.

41. American Management Association, 1994 Survey on Workplace Drug Testing and Drug Abuse Policies,

New York (1994),

42. 

Morgan J.P.

 «The 'Scientific' Justification for Urine Drug Testing», Kansas Law Review 36: 683—97 (1988);

Normand J. et al.

 Under the Influence: Drugs and the American Workforce, Washington, DC: National Academy

Press (1994).

43. Office of National Drug Control Policy, National Drug Control Strategy, Washington, DC: The White House

(1989); U.S. Department of Education, What Works: Schools Without Drugs, Washington, DC (1992); 

Shinonara R.

«Bird Seed Snack Brings 10%Day School Suspension», Anchorage Daily News (25 October 1996), p. l.

44. 

Booth W. 

«Florida County Sets Drug Tests for Welfare Clients», Washington Post (17 September 1996),

p. A3.

45. 

Dao J.

 «Stricter Rules Imposed at New York State Homeless Shelters», New York Times (9 November

1995), p. Bl.

46. 

Johnston L.D. et al. 

National Survey Results on Drug Use from the Monitoring the Future Study, 1975—

1994, Volume I: Secondary School Students, RockviUe, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
(1995), p. 247.

47. 

Johnston L.D. et al. 

(1995), см. № 46.

48. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse:

Main Findings 1994, Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (1996).

6.

 ГОЛЛАНДСКАЯ ПОЛИТИКА В ОТНОШЕНИИ МАРИХУАНЫ

1. 

Rosenthal A.M. 

«While the Children Sleep», New York Times (22 September 1995), p. A31.

2. 

Califano

 

J. A.

 «Legalization: The Reality», The Prevention Pipeline 8, 5 (1995), p. 12.

3. 

Brown L.

 Director of Office of National Drug Control Policy, quoted in «Top Cop in the War on Drugs», San

Francisco Examiner and Chronicle (12 March 1995), p.4.

4. 

Peterson R. 

The Success of Tough Drug Enforcement. Vestal. NY: Performance Accountability Evaluations

(1996), p. 12.

5.

 Stevenson R.

 Winning the War on Drugs: To Legalize or Not? London: Institute of Economic Affairs (1994);

Zimmer L.

 «The Ascendancy and Decline of Worldwide Cannabis Prohibition». Bollinger L. (ed) Cannabis Science:

From Prohibition to Human Right, New York: Peter Lang (1997).