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3g Complete these sentences using can, can’t where possible or (not) be able
to.
1 I always learn a few words of the language when I go abroad.
It’s nice to speak to local people.
2 I’m sorry, can you please repeat that? It’s very noisy and I hear you.
3 I’m going to take extra French Lessons because I want to speak to people
when I’m on holiday.
4 It’s great using the Internet.
You learn a lot of new expressions.
5 If you go to Australia for two years, you’ll speak English really well by
the time you come back.
6 Why don’t you ask your teacher to recommend a book? She may help
you.
7 I’m very sorry, but I’m afraid that
I come to the lesson next week.
8 People who work in the tourist industry usually need to speak more than
just one language.
3h Write a list of five things that you can’t do at the moment but you will /
might be able to do in the future. Use the ideas to help you. Find out what
your partners think they will be able to do in the future.
Example
I can’t drive a car but I might be able to when I’m older.
read a novel in English / finish the coursebook
explain the difference between allow, let and permit / read EXTRA
ACTIVITIES section
graduate from university / I am 20-22
visit the moon / technology becomes cheaper
4. Speaking
4a What questions would you ask about the English language?
Here are the most frequently asked ones. Match the questions with the answers
from the webpage below:
Why do people learn English?
What’s the longest word in
English?
How
many
people
speak
English?
How many words are there in
English?
What’s the most common letter
in English?
Where does English come from?
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1
We can't answer that question exactly,
but here's a recipe we came across the
other day.
50
grammes Greek
75
grammes Latin
400
grammes Anglo Saxon
150
grammes Norse
300
grammes French (flavoured with
Latin and Greek)
25
grammes other mixed languages
Mix all the ingredients together.
Cook slowly for
1,000
years
3
There are about
300,000
entries in the
Oxford
English Dictionary.
However, there are many
scientific and technical words that are not in the
dictionary (for example, there are over a million
types of insect). An educated English speaker
only uses about
30,000
words.
4
According to the
Oxford English Dictionary,
it
is the name for a lung disease caused by
breathing
in
dangerous
dust
and
is
pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconios
is
2
English is the main language in
30
countries, and there are about
375
million people who speak it as their first
language. It is also used as an official
language in over
70
other countries
such as Cameroon, Tanzania, India,
Pakistan, Malaysia and Fiji, and is a
second language for about
350
million
people. One in two Europeans can
speak English quite well and can have a
proper conversation, and in the future
even more Europeans will be able to
speak it. All in all, there are about
1,000
million (a billion) people who
can't speak English, but they're learning
it!
5
The letter 'e' is used more than any other. Ernest
Wright was very interested in this fact, and
wanted to see if it was possible to communicate
without using this letter at all.
He wasn't able to write very much! In the end,
he wrote a
200
-page novel,
Gadsby,
without
using any words containing the| letter 'e'. Sadly,
it was not a great success, but here is a bit of it:
A glorious full moon sails across a sky without a
cloud. A crisp night air has folks turning up coat
collars and kids hopping up and down for
warmth.
6
It's the top language for travel and tourism, and is used in business and science. At the
moment,
80
per cent of the world's Internet sites are in English, but this will fall when more
countries start using their own language.
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4b With your partner discuss the following points:
where the Russian language
comes from
how many people speak/learn
Russian
why people abroad learn Russian
what is the most frequently used
letter in Russian
4c Work in groups. Write a sentence
(as long as possible) without any
words containing the letter ‘e’.
Students whose sentence is the longest
are the winners.
Make a list of the words containing
more than ten letters.
4.d. Tell the class about Russian or
any other language you know about.
You can use FAQs from the webpage
as a plan.
5. Listening
5a Work with a partner to discuss the
following.
What languages are spoken in
Scotland?
What can you do to prevent a
language from disappearing?
5b Listen to a radio interview
with
Bradana
MacKinnon,
spokesperson for the Society for the
Promotion of Gaelic. Tick the things
that are mentioned. Track 19.
1 statistics about people speaking
Gaelic
2 the differences between Gaelic
in Scotland and Ireland
3 the economy of the Gaelic-speaking
Community
4 investment in cultural events
and festivals of Gaelic arts
5 training teachers of Gaelic
5c Listen again and choose the
correct word for each space.
1 It’s a Gaelic word meaning .
a ‘sea’ b ‘salmon’ c ‘Celtic’
2 Should we fight to keep a dying
language , even if few people will
ever use it or hear it?
a alive b spoken c life
3 In the last 100 years or so, the
number of Gaelic-only speakers in
Scotland
has
fallen
from
nearly
to zero.
a 4,400 b 44,000 c 34,000
4 It’s also true to say that since
there has been a revival in the Celtic
culture and language.
a the 1960s b the 1930s
c the 1960s
5 There has been a huge in the
number of young children being
educated in Gaelic in primary schools
and nurseries.
a decrease b drop c increase
6 At the moment we’re trying to raise
our profile and we have a new fund-
raising .
a program b campaign
c company
7 Every language, like every of
animal, is unique and worth protecting.
a species b spices
c spaces
5d Tell about your opinion on the problem of dying languages.
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6. Extra Activities:
Nonverbal Communication
Nonverbal Communication
Language plays a commanding
role as a means of communication.
When we communicate with other
people, we use our facial expression,
eye
contact,
body
movement,
intonation, volume of voice, clothing,
body decoration, time, space and many
other ways to transmit information.
Such means of communication without
words
are
called
nonverbal
communication. People had developed
nonverbal communication skills long
before they began to talk.
Some researchers are sure that
nonverbal communication is more
powerful than verbal communication.
Ray Birdwhistell of the University of
Pennsylvania has estimated that 30 or
35 percent of human communication
occurs through words, the rest through
nonverbal modes. The first scientific
study of nonverbal communication was
Charles Darwin’s book ‘The Expression
of the Emotions in Man and Animals’
(1872). In this work Charles Darwin
studied facial expression.
Nonverbal communication can be
communicated through gesture and
touch, by body language or posture, by
facial expression and eye contact as well
as through object communication such
as hair-styles or even furniture. In other
words nonverbal communication can be
considered ‘silent language’ which
serves to express feelings without using
words.
Nonverbal communication takes
place
simultaneously
with
verbal
communication. For example, When we
agree or disagree with somebody, we
often nod or shake our head to convey
positive or negative feelings. We can
show a person that we are pleased with
him or her or want to be friendly patting
him or her on the shoulder. The words
of love and affection are often
accompanied by a hug or kiss.
Many
aspects
of
nonverbal
communication are greatly influenced
by culture. People from different
cultures interpret nonverbal behavior
differently. For example, in Australia
winking at women is improper; in
Finland folding one’s arms shows
arrogance and pride; In Greece waving
is an insult.
Direct eye contact is a sign of
respect and attention in America and
Europe;
whereas
in
some
Asian
countries downcast eyes are a sign of
respect and attention. In many Asian
cultures, the bow signifies the culture’s
concern with status and rank. In Japan
low posture is an indicator of respect.
In the United States, where people are
usually
informal
and
friendly,
Americans often fall into chairs or
slouch when they stand. In Germany
and Sweden, where people are more
formal, slouching is a sign of rudeness
and poor manners. In Ghana and in
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Turkey, sitting one’s legs crossed is
extremely offensive.
Proximity and touching behavior
often convey attitudes of liking and
affection in many cultures. Latin
America and Southern Europeans use
touching behavior frequently and have a
closer distance for conversation. In
Thailand, patting an adult on the head is
offensive.
In different countries people have
different ways of greeting each other.
Arab men often greet by kissing on both
cheeks. In Thailand people greet with
both hands closed in front of chest. In
Japan, men greet by bowing, and in the
United States, people shake hands.
Even the high or low pitch of the
tone and volume of the voice play a
very important role in communication
and bay be interpreted differently. Arabs
speak very loudly to show strength and
sincerity. Germans use a commanding
tone to show authority and self-
confidence. In Japan, raising one’s
voice often means a lack of self-control.
For Japanese people a gentle and soft
voice reflects good manners.
We should remember that what is
acceptable in one culture may be
completely unacceptable in another. For
example, the ‘OK’ gesture in the
American culture is a symbol for money
in Japan. The same gesture is obscene in
some Latin American countries; while
for Chinese or people in the South of
France it is zero or nothing.
People’s nonverbal actions can
say us much more than their words. For
example, your partner wants to show
you that he I calm. Relaxed and self-
confident, but his voice quavers and you
notice his hands shake. That indicates
that in reality this person is nervous and
lacks confidence. Observing a person’s
body language you can understand if he
or she is telling the truth or lying. When
someone tells a lie, he or she often
makes many speech errors, hesitates,
flushes or turns pale.
Physical appearance. Eye contact
can show a variety of emotions such as
warmth, disapproval, irritation, distrust,
surprise, interest, attention, sadness and
so on.
Good communication techniques
in both verbal and nonverbal ways help
you become a successful communicator.
If we want to avoid breaks in
communication
and
personal
relationships, we should take into
consideration cultural differences and
behave in an appropriate way both
verbally and nonverbally. If you observe
a person’s gestures, posture, facial
expression and movements, you will be
able to catch the right information.
Remember that a sincere smile and a
friendly
expression
facilitate
communication and help remove the
barrier between interlocutors.
6a Read the following sentences and say if they are TRUE or FALSE:
1)
People had developed nonverbal communication skills long before they began to
talk.
2)
Ray Birdwhistell of the University of Pennsylvania has estimated that 70 or 75
percent of human communication occurs through words.
3)
Many aspects of nonverbal communications are greatly influenced by culture.
4)
In Australia winking at women is a sign of admiration and respect.