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5)
In Finland folding one’s arms shows pensiveness and concentration
6)
In some Asian countries direct eye contact is a sign of respect and attention.
7)
In Ghana and in Turkey, sitting with one’s legs crossed is extremely offensive.
8)
Arabs speak very loudly to show anger and irritation.
6b Complete each sentence (A-H) with one of the endings (1-8):
A.
Nonverbal communication can be communicated through
B.
Nonverbal communication takes place
C.
In Greece waving is
D.
In many Asian cultures, the bow signifies
E.
In German and Sweden slouching is a sign of
F.
Latin Americans and Southern Europeans use touching behavior frequently and
have
G.
In Japan, raising one’s voice often means
H.
Observing a person’s body language you can understand if
1.
The culture’s concern with status and rank.
2.
A lack of self-control.
3.
Simultaneously with verbal communication.
4.
Gesture and touch, by body language or posture, by facial expression and eye
contact as well as through object communication such as hairstyles or even
furniture.
5.
An insult.
6.
He or she is telling the truth or lying.
7.
A closer distance for conversation
8.
Rudeness and poor manners.
6c People often use ’silent language’ to show their emotions and to send messages
without words. What nonverbal models will you use to show that you are
-
In a hurry
-
Tired
-
Angry
-
In low spirits
-
Bored
-
Excited
-
Surprised
-
Friendly
-
Unfriendly
-
Interested
-
Attentive
-
Nervous
-
Pleased
For example
:
When a person is in a hurry he can look at his watch repeatedly and
fidget uneasily in his seat
.
6d What may the following nonverbal messages indicate?
A person: nods his head; pats another person on the shoulder; shrugs his shoulders;
places his index fingers to his lips; keeps silence; coughs slightly; waves his hand;
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stares fixedly at another person; raises his voice; stammers; covers his face with his
hands; smiles a lot.
6e Answer the questions
1)
What ways do we use to transmit information besides language?
2)
Why do many researchers believe that nonverbal communication is more
powerful than verbal communication?
3)
What is the communication between nonverbal communication and a person’s
culture?
4)
How do people greet each other in different countries? How do they greet each
other in your country?
5)
What role do the high or low pitch of the tone and volume of the voice play in
communication?
6)
What can the ‘OK’ gesture mean in different countries?
7)
Why does physical appearance play a very important role in communication?
8)
Why is useful to develop good communicative techniques?
9)
What should you do to avoid breaks in communication and personal
relationships?
10)How can you facilitate communication?
6f Read and translate the quotations below. Choose any statement and comment
on it
o
‘A warm smile is the universal Language of kindness ’. (
William A. Ward
)
o
‘Communication means common understanding, a common tradition, common
ideas, and common ideals.’ (
Robert M. Hutchins
)
o
‘Communication is a skill that you can learn. It’s like riding a bicycle or typing.
If you’re willing to work at it, you can rapidly improve the quality of every part
of your life’ (
Brian Tracy
)
o
‘Effective communication is 20% what you and 80% how you feel about what
you know’. (
Jim Rohn
)
o
‘Language is a social art’. (
Willard Van Orman Quine
)
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7. Writing
Personal letters
7a Match the functions in column A with the phrases in column B.
A
B
1
Asking about them
A Dear +
first name
,
2
Giving news
B Hi! How are things? How are you? How’s it
going?
3
Making suggestions
C Great news about … Glad to hear that … Sorry to
hear about …
4
Name
D Listen, did I tell you about … You’ll never believe
what … Oh, and another thing.
5
Referring to their news
E Why don’t you … ? Maybe you could … How
about …?
6
Signing off
F Well, got to go now. Give my love to … Say hello
to … See you soon!
7
Closing expressions
G Love, Lots of love, Yours,
8
Greeting
H
Your first name
7b You have received a letter from your English-speaking friend Julie who writes:
Write a letter to Julie (
100-140 words)
.
In your letter:
answer
her questions,
ask
at least 3 questions about learning languages in her university/country.
Hello Petya!
How are you? How are your English lessons going?
I started studying a foreign language this year at the university. It's pretty
challenging for me. It took us a long time to learn to read and pronounce sentences
with correct Russian intonation. I've gotten better at it, but it isn't easy. There are
new challenges, such as conjugating verbs and declining nouns. It's crazy! Would
you be able to help me? Could you give me any tips on how to handle these
challenges?
Yours,
Julie
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Unit 9
Customs and Traditions
In this module you will:
Read about
traditional
festivals in different countries
Talk about
parties
Test your
knowledge about Scotland
Practise
making suggestions and advice, asking for ideas,
responding to suggestions, congratulating
Listen
to a programme about April Fool’s Day
Write
theses to give an oral presentation
Learn
how Christmas is celebrated in different countries
Useful vocabulary:
Nouns
festival, dance show, music concert, championship, parade,
celebration, bonfire, firework, feast, going-away party, reception,
parade, barbecue,
fancy dress party, house-warming party, sit-
down meal, hot drinks, snacks, soft drinks, practical joke, event,
competition
Verbs
take place, take part, celebrate, commemorate,
Adjectives
traditional, international, national, folk
Phrases and
collocations
to dress casually/smartly, to wear formal/casual clothes, to bring a
drink, to give presents, to listen to/make speeches, to play music,
to sing songs, to join in the fun, all over the world, to play a
joke/trick on sb, to be taken in by
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1. Lead-in
1a Read about the water festivals and match the photos A-C with the
festivals 1-3.
1. The Songkran Water Festival
This festival is the start of the Thai New
Year in April. On day one, Thais clean
their houses, visit temples with food and
visit old relatives. Day two is the famous
‘water-throwing day’ when people throw
water at each other. No one is safe – not
even police officers! On day three, there
are dance shows and music concerts.
A
2. The Abu Dhabi F1 Water Festival
This five-day festival in December is part
of the World Powerboat Championship.
There are a lot of races and competitions
(powerboat, water ski jumping and jet ski)
for international teams. The festival starts
with big parade, there is a large show and
there is a lot of international food.
B
3. The Vilagarcia Water Festival
This festival takes place on August 16
th
in
northern Spain. After a parade people in
the houses throw water on the people in
the streets. After this, there is a drum
dance and then the people jump in the sea!
C
1b Complete the table with information about the festivals.
Festival
Month Days
Activities
Songkran
2. Reading
Pre-reading activities
2a Look at the photos below. What do you know about Scotland? Work in
pairs and try to answer these questions.