ВУЗ: Не указан
Категория: Не указан
Дисциплина: Не указана
Добавлен: 10.11.2023
Просмотров: 2042
Скачиваний: 92
ВНИМАНИЕ! Если данный файл нарушает Ваши авторские права, то обязательно сообщите нам.
Хлебникова М.В.
[7.1.1.]
ВЫБОР
Выберите соответствующее словосочетание
All electrified trunk lines use … system also known as the catenary.
В+ overhead power supply
В- overhead tractive effort
В- double – track
B- high – speed communication
[7.1.2.]
ВЫБОР
Выберите соответствующую лексическую единицу
The introduction of … roofs in wagons is expected to simplify the loading and unloading of goods.
В+ opening
B- air-conditioning
B- durable
В- waterproof
[7.1.3.]
ВЫБОР
Выберите соответствующую лексическую единицу
The body of the car has a high … when covered with steel sheets.
В+ strength
В- application
В- haulage
B- current
[7.1.4.]
ВЫБОР
Выберите соответствующее словосочетание
Much importance is now attached to … locomotives as they decrease air resistance and increase speed.
В+ stream lining
В- diesel powered
В- switching yards
B- steam traction
[7.1.5.]
ВЫБОР
Выберите соответствующую лексическую единицу
At present railroads make use of the … hoppers if they transport goods which require protection from the weather.
B+ covered
В- open-top
В- furnished
В- flat
[7.1.6.]
ВЫБОР
Выберите соответствующее словосочетание
We know the railways to use the electric … on the most heavily used trunk - lines.
B+ rolling stock
В- cooling system
В- permanent way
В- small section
[7.1.7.]
ВЫБОР
Выберите соответствующее словосочетание
For the electric current to flow the … is needed.
B+ electrical conductor
В- mechanical power
В- organic fuel
В- careful maintenance
[7.1.8.]
ВЫБОР
Выберите соответствующее словосочетание
The train with a long run may change … several times during its journey.
B+ locomotives and crews
В- vehicles and cars
В- schedule and dispatcher
В- locomotives and traffic
[7.1.9.]
ВЫБОР
Выберите соответствующую лексическую единицу
The driver has a number of electronic devices to … his locomotive.
B+ run
В- warn
В- leave
В- speed
[7.1.10.]
ВЫБОР
Выберите соответствующее словосочетание
Two or more locomotives can be … by a single crew.
B+ coupled and operated
В- coupled and estimated
В- carried and operated
В- warned and attached
[7.1.11.]
ВЫБОР
Выберите соответствующее словосочетание
Both … current can be used on electrified railways.
B+ direct and alternating
В- direct and conventional
В- overhead and alternating
В- direct and indirect
[7.1.12.]
ВЫБОР
Выберите соответствующее словосочетание
The railway is built on a … which is called the right of way.
B+ strip of land
В- land of gauge
В- way of yard
В- lay of grade
[7.1.13.]
ВЫБОР
Выберите соответствующую лексическую единицу
The largest and heaviest rails are laid in the … tracks as they carry the largest volume of traffic.
B+ main-line
В- suburban
В- electrified
В- branch
[7.1.14.]
ВЫБОР
Выберите соответствующую лексическую единицу
One of the greatest improvements of the track was the … of rail joints.
B+ elimination
В- collision
В- construction
В- introduction
[7.1.15.]
ВЫБОР
Выберите соответствующую лексическую единицу
The combination of rails, … and ties is known as the railroad track.
B+ ballast
В- train
В- crew
В- engine
[7.5.1.]
ВВОД
Впишите номер заголовка определяющего основную идею текста
1. Freight Trains on a Single Track
2. The Single Track Ореration
3. The History of Single Track Construction
4. Delays of Trains on a Single Track
1. A single track is a kind of railway tracks where trains must be operated in both directions. Single track was rare in Britain, but elsewhere in the world it was frequently found. In America, single track was almost universal for many years. The simplest method to ensure safety is to allow only "one engine in steam," as it is known in Britain. In this case the train need not worry about any other. However, it is appropriate only for rather short lines, where it is very economical.
2. The fundamental tool for operating single track was the time table. On single track, it specified the stations at which trains would "meet" or "cross". Each train had to proceed to the crossing point, and wait indefinitely for the opposing train. Obviously, delay to a train would have serious effects that would cascade to other trains, delaying them in turn. When trains began to cover relatively great distances, as in America, the delays could be intolerable.
3. The solution to this was to classify trains by importance. At least two classes were usually necessary, passenger trains and freight trains, since delays to passengers were much less tolerable than delays to freight. Freight trains had to clear the schedule time of passenger trains and wait until they had passed. Just this much was a great relief, particularly when there were only a couple of passenger trains each day and they usually ran close to time.
4. The next step was to make trains in one direction superior to trains of the same class in the opposite direction. Sometimes a wait of a specified length of time at the time table crossing point was required, but more usually the inferior train had to clear the time of the superior train if it could not reach the time table crossing point in time. This meant that first class trains in the favoured direction could move regardless of other trains, and those in the other direction had only to avoid these trains.
В + 2
[7.5.2.]
ВВОД
Напишите цифрами номер предложения содержащего верную информацию.
1. Passenger trains had to wait until freight trains had passed.
2. The time table had not been significant tool in single track operation.
3. The method of “one engine in steam” was rather dangerous on single track lines.
4. Delay of only one train could seriously influence the other trains.
1. A single track is a kind of railway tracks where trains must be operated in both directions. Single track was rare in Britain, but elsewhere in the world it was frequently found. In America, single track was almost universal for many years. The simplest method to ensure safety is to allow only "one engine in steam," as it is known in Britain. In this case the train need not worry about any other. However, it is appropriate only for rather short lines, where it is very economical.
2. The fundamental tool for operating single track was the time table. On single track, it specified the stations at which trains would "meet" or "cross". Each train had to proceed to the crossing point, and wait indefinitely for the opposing train. Obviously, delay to a train would have serious effects that would cascade to other trains, delaying them in turn. When trains began to cover relatively great distances, as in America, the delays could be intolerable.
3. The solution to this was to classify trains by importance. At least two classes were usually necessary, passenger trains and freight trains, since delays to passengers were much less tolerable than delays to freight. Freight trains had to clear the schedule time of passenger trains and wait until they had passed. Just this much was a great relief, particularly when there were only a couple of passenger trains each day and they usually ran close to time.
4. The next step was to make trains in one direction superior to trains of the same class in the opposite direction. Sometimes a wait of a specified length of time at the time table crossing point was required, but more usually the inferior train had to clear the time of the superior train if it could not reach the time table crossing point in time. This meant that first class trains in the favoured direction could move regardless of other trains, and those in the other direction had only to avoid these trains.
В + 4
[7.5.3.]
ВВОД
Напишите цифрами номер абзаца, которому соответствует следующая информация «Passenger trains considered to be superior to freight trains when using the same track»
1. A single track is a kind of railway tracks where trains must be operated in both directions. Single track was rare in Britain, but elsewhere in the world it was frequently found. In America, single track was almost universal for many years. The simplest method to ensure safety is to allow only "one engine in steam," as it is known in Britain. In this case the train need not worry about any other. However, it is appropriate only for rather short lines, where it is very economical.
2. The fundamental tool for operating single track was the time table. On single track, it specified the stations at which trains would "meet" or "cross". Each train had to proceed to the crossing point, and wait indefinitely for the opposing train. Obviously, delay to a train would have serious effects that would cascade to other trains, delaying them in turn. When trains began to cover relatively great distances, as in America, the delays could be intolerable.
3. The solution to this was to classify trains by importance. At least two classes were usually necessary, passenger trains and freight trains, since delays to passengers were much less tolerable than delays to freight. Freight trains had to clear the schedule time of passenger trains and wait until they had passed. Just this much was a great relief, particularly when there were only a couple of passenger trains each day and they usually ran close to time.
4. The next step was to make trains in one direction superior to trains of the same class in the opposite direction. Sometimes a wait of a specified length of time at the time table crossing point was required, but more usually the inferior train had to clear the time of the superior train if it could not reach the time table crossing point in time. This meant that first class trains in the favoured direction could move regardless of other trains, and those in the other direction had only to avoid these trains.
B+3
[7.5.4.]
ВВОД
Сформулируйте одним словом и напишите ответ на вопрос согласно тексту «In what country was the method of using one engine on a single track applied?»
1. A single track is a kind of railway tracks where trains must be operated in both directions. Single track was rare in Britain, but elsewhere in the world it was frequently found. In America, single track was almost universal for many years. The simplest method to ensure safety is to allow only "one engine in steam," as it is known in Britain. In this case the train need not worry about any other. However, it is appropriate only for rather short lines, where it is very economical.
2. The fundamental tool for operating single track was the time table. On single track, it specified the stations at which trains would "meet" or "cross". Each train had to proceed to the crossing point, and wait indefinitely for the opposing train. Obviously, delay to a train would have serious effects that would cascade to other trains, delaying them in turn. When trains began to cover relatively great distances, as in America, the delays could be intolerable.
3. The solution to this was to classify trains by importance. At least two classes were usually necessary, passenger trains and freight trains, since delays to passengers were much less tolerable than delays to freight. Freight trains had to clear the schedule time of passenger trains and wait until they had passed. Just this much was a great relief, particularly when there were only a couple of passenger trains each day and they usually ran close to time.
4. The next step was to make trains in one direction superior to trains of the same class in the opposite direction. Sometimes a wait of a specified length of time at the time table crossing point was required, but more usually the inferior train had to clear the time of the superior train if it could not reach the time table crossing point in time. This meant that first class trains in the favoured direction could move regardless of other trains, and those in the other direction had only to avoid these trains.
B+ Britain
[7.5.5.]
ВВОД
Напишите перевод выделенного слова.
1. A single track is a kind of railway tracks where trains must be operated in both directions. Single track was rare in Britain, but elsewhere in the world it was frequently found. In America, single track was almost universal for many years. The simplest method to ensure safety is to allow only "one engine in steam," as it is known in Britain. In this case the train need not worry about any other. However, it is appropriate only for rather short lines, where it is very economical.
2. The fundamental tool for operating single track was the time table. On single track, it specified the stations at which trains would "meet" or "cross". Each train had to proceed to the crossing point, and wait indefinitely for the opposing train. Obviously, delay to a train would have serious effects that would cascade to other trains, delaying them in turn. When trains began to cover relatively great distances, as in America, the delays could be intolerable.
3. The solution to this was to classify trains by importance. At least two classes were usually necessary, passenger trains and freight trains, since delays to passengers were much less tolerable than delays to freight. Freight trains had to clear the schedule time of passenger trains and wait until they had passed. Just this much was a great relief, particularly when there were only a couple of passenger trains each day and they usually ran close to time.
4. The next step was to make trains in one direction superior to trains of the same class in the opposite direction. Sometimes a wait of a specified length of time at the time table crossing point was required, but more usually the inferior train had to clear the time of the superior train if it could not reach the time table crossing point in time. This meant that first class trains in the favoured direction could move regardless of other trains, and those in the other direction had only to avoid these trains.
В+ решение
[7.5.6.]
ВВОД
Напишите глагол, от которого образовано выделенное слово.
1. A single track is a kind of railway tracks where trains must be operated in both directions. Single track was rare in Britain, but elsewhere in the world it was frequently found. In America, single track was almost universal for many years. The simplest method to ensure safety is to allow only "one engine in steam," as it is known in Britain. In this case the train need not worry about any other. However, it is appropriate only for rather short lines, where it is very economical.
2. The fundamental tool for operating single track was the time table. On single track, it specified the stations at which trains would "meet" or "cross". Each train had to proceed to the crossing point, and wait indefinitely for the opposing train. Obviously, delay to a train would have serious effects that would cascade to other trains, delaying them in turn. When trains began to cover relatively great distances, as in America, the delays could be intolerable.
3. The solution to this was to classify trains by importance. At least two classes were usually necessary, passenger trains and freight trains, since delays to passengers were much less tolerable than delays to freight. Freight trains had to clear the schedule time of passenger trains and wait until they had passed. Just this much was a great relief, particularly when there were only a couple of passenger trains each day and they usually ran close to time.
4. The next step was to make trains in one direction superior to trains of the same class in the opposite direction. Sometimes a wait of a specified length of time at the time table crossing point was required, but more usually the inferior train had to clear the time of the superior train if it could not reach the time table crossing point in time. This meant that first class trains in the favoured direction could move regardless of other trains, and those in the other direction had only to avoid these trains.
В+ wait
[7.5.7.]
ВВОД
Найдите и выпишите сказуемое из выделенного предложения.
1. A single track is a kind of railway tracks where trains must be operated in both directions. Single track was rare in Britain, but elsewhere in the world it was frequently found. In America, single track was almost universal for many years. The simplest method to ensure safety is to allow only "one engine in steam," as it is known in Britain. In this case the train need not worry about any other. However, it is appropriate only for rather short lines, where it is very economical.
2. The fundamental tool for operating single track was the time table. On single track, it specified the stations at which trains would "meet" or "cross". Each train had to proceed to the crossing point, and wait indefinitely for the opposing train.