III. Section: Electioneering
1. Match the words and phrases in List A with those in List B. Learn these lexical units.

List A

List B

to launch a campaign to conduct a campaign smear campaign to give a pledge to keep a pledge to break a pledge to campaign for sb election campaign to contest an election to contest a seat electioneering in the run-up to the election presidential campaign the campaign fizzles out to be in the running to be out of the running spin spin doctor to commit oneself commitment to honour a commitment to enter a race to be in a race to lead a race to lag behind in a race to drop out of a race

a. выйти из игры b. прекращать борьбу c. политтехнолог d. иметь шансы на успех e. обязательство f. выгодное освещение какого-л. события g. отставать в гонке h. включиться в борьбу i. лидировать в гонке j. нарушать обещание k. выполнять обязательство l. развернуть кампанию m. избирательная кампания по выборам президента n. кампания терпит неудачу o. давать обещание p. в преддверии выборов q. грязная избирательная кампания r. бороться за место s. брать на себя обязательство t. выполнить обещание u. предвыборная агитация v. избирательная кампания w. участвовать в борьбе x. участвовать в выборах y. агитировать за кого-л. z. проводить кампанию

2. Give synonyms for the following words and phrases.
to campaign (for sb), to crusade (for sth), to contest (an election), electioneering, election (campaign), active (campaign), feeble (campaign), national (campaign), to launch (a campaign), to conduct (a campaign), presidential campaign, to enter (a race), to be in (a race), to lead (a race), to lag behind (in a race), to drop out of (a race), smear (campaign), to put a spin on sth, pledge, to commit (oneself to sth), to give (a pledge), to keep (a pledge), to break (a pledge), empty (promise)
3. Suggest words and expressions that correspond to the following definitions.

1. 
   to have some hope of winning a race or competition - to be in the running (for sth)
   
2. 
   a serious and firm promise that is made publicly and officially - pledge
   
3. 
   the period of time just before an important event; the preparation for this - the run-up / lead-up to sth
   
4. 
   a deliberate plan to tell untrue stories about someone, especially a politician, in order to make people lose respect for them - smear / dirty tricks / dirty / negative / whispering / hate campaign (by sb / against sb)
   
5. 
   a way of providing information that makes it seem to be favourable for a particular person or political party; a particular viewpoint or bias, especially in the media - spin
   
6. 
   to agree or promise to do something important - to commit oneself (to sth / to doing / to do sth) | to commit to sth / doing sth | to pledge oneself to do sth / to sth
   
7. 
   to compete for something or to try to win it - to contest | to fight
   
8. 
   a series of actions that a politician or political party does to try to win an election - election / electoral) campaign
   
9. 
   a situation in which one group of people competes with another, especially for political power - race
   
10. 
    to try to persuade people to support a political party, politician, plan etc by going to see them and talking to them, especially when you want them to vote for you in an election - to campaign
    
11. 
    to have some no hope of winning a race or competition
    
12. 
    a public argument or action for social or political change - agitation
    
13. 
    things that candidates or political parties say and do in order to persuade people to vote for them in an election, often things that do not seem sincere or fair - electioneering
    
14. 
    someone whose job is to give information to the public in a way that gives the best possible advantage to a politician or organization; someone whose job is to make ideas, events, etc seem better than they really are, especially in politics - spin doctor / master
    
15. 
    the political meetings, speeches, etc. that take place in the period before an election - the hustings
    
16. 
    to try to achieve political or social change by persuading other people or the government to do something - to campaign | to crusade | to agitate
    

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4. Match the words in List A with those in List B to form phrases.

List A	List B
dirty tricks spin to deliver on to canvass to agitate contested to wage the campaign campaign to join to withdraw to lag behind to pull out to be in to be out to commit to renege to meet broken	a. pledge b. in a race c. a commitment d. of the running e. from a race f. the running g. oneself to sth h. of a race i. a promise j. on a pledge k. a race l. for a candidate m. campaign n. a campaign o. for social change p. fizzles out q. election r. for president s. doctor

5. Fill the gaps in the sentences with prepositions or adverbial particles if necessary.

1. 
   Party supporters were called on to help canvass ….. their candidate.
   
2. 
   The senator was determined to put a positive spin ….. the affair.
   
3. 
   He said the government remained committed ….. peace.
   
4. 
   The government is delivering ….. its 1994 election promises.
   
5. 
   He is canvassing … for.. the Conservative candidate.
   
6. 
   He is lagging … behind.. in the race for the presidency.
   
7. 
   He clearly committed his government … to.. continuing down the path of economic reform.
   
8. 
   He unsuccessfully fought … fought.. the next three elections.
   
9. 
   We are asking people to pledge their support … for.. our campaign.
   
10. 
    The issue of the monarchy is complicating politics … in.. the run-up to the elections.
    
11. 
    The Labour Party mounted a smear campaign … against.. Livingstone before the election.
    
12. 
    The governor has a strong commitment ….. equal opportunities in the state.
    
13. 
    The government reneged ….. its promise to ensure full employment.
    
14. 
    This report puts a different spin … on.. the issue.
    
15. 
    The USA has pledged aid … to.. the country.
    
16. 
    The senator is usually at his best … on.. the hustings.
    
17. 
    Once we have committed … to.. this course of action there is no going back.
    
18. 
    He agitated … against.. the Vietnam war.
    
19. 
    The country will be forced to live ….. ….. the pledge of democracy.
    
20. 
    Women crusaded … for.. equal pay and equal rights throughout the 1960s.
    
21. 
    The Government will continue to honour its commitment … to.. pensioners.
    

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6. Choose the word or phrase (from the list) that best completes each of the sentences below. Change the grammatical form of the word or phrase if necessary.
to crusade, hustings, to contest, to drop out, negative, campaign, spin, false, to canvass, contested, to carry on, electioneering, to join, run-up, to conduct, solemn, to enter, doctor, presidential, to commit, to fulfil, spin, to break, commitment, to honour, empty

1. 
   Critics have dismissed his visit to a shelter for the homeless as an obvious piece of ….. .
   
2. 
   The election was won despite the spin ….. .
   
3. 
   The government must ….. itself to improving health care.
   
4. 
   In the ….. to the November 1992 presidential elections, education was seen as a key issue.
   
5. 
   We don't want any more ….. promises from the government.
   
6. 
   The prime minister ….. an impressive campaign.
   
7. 
   Washington was also eager to put its own ….. on the news it was imparting.
   
8. 
   He plans ….. a seat on Cookstown district council in the May elections.
   
9. 
   Eisenhower ….. his election pledge to end the war in Korea.
   
10. 
    He continued ….. for free education for all.
    
11. 
    He ran a ….. campaign in an attempt to discredit the president.
    
12. 
    He should apologize for the ….. promises that he made in 1991.
    
13. 
    I have to thank all my helpers who ….. for me and helped me to win this election.
    
14. 
    The opposition party won 392 of 485 ….. seats.
    
15. 
    He ….. of the presidential race on Friday.
    
16. 
    Small shopkeepers ….. a long agitation against the big department stores.
    
17. 
    Another candidate ….. the race for the White House.
    
18. 
    The army ….. its promise to return the country to civilian rule.
    
19. 
    The Government will continue ….. its commitment to pensioners.
    
20. 
    They made a ….. to peace.
    

7. Translate these sentences. Give synonymous translations if possible.

1. 
   Их общественное движение проводит кампанию против сцен насилия на телевидении.
   
2. 
   Он борется за место в парламенте / в местном совете.
   
3. 
   Всю последнюю неделю мы агитировали за кандидата от Республиканской партии.
   
4. 
   Они проводят агитационную кампанию за гражданские права.
   
5. 
   Современная предвыборная агитация представляет собой хорошо организованное дело.
   
6. 
   Кандидат в президенты от Республиканской партии участвует в предвыборной агитации в преддверии выборов.
   
7. 
   Демократы развернули активную избирательную кампанию.
   
8. 
   Два новых кандидата включились в президентскую гонку.
   
9. 
   Кандидат правоцентристской партии лидирует в президентской гонке.
   
10. 
    Он прекратил борьбу за пост президента страны.
    
11. 
    У него есть шансы на успех.
    
12. 
    У него нет шансов на успех.
    
13. 
    Национальные средства массовой информации представили другой взгляд на парламентские выборы в стране.
    
14. 
    Журналисты представили политику, проводимую президентом, в выгодном для него свете.
    
15. 
    Политтехнологи уверены, что они могут гарантировать нужный результат выборов.
    
16. 
    Премьер-министр дал торжественное обещание урегулировать конфликт на юге страны.
    
17. 
    Демократы обвинили своих оппонентов в организации грязной избирательной кампании.
    
18. 
    Многие из его предвыборных обещаний не были выполнены.
    
19. 
    Их партия интенсивно проводит свою избирательную кампанию.
    
20. 
    Президент взял на себя обязательство искоренить коррупцию в стране.
    
21. 
    Народ не желает слышать пустых обещаний правительства.
    
22. 
    Президент выполнил все свои предвыборные обещания.
    
23. 
    Правительство не выполнило обещание обеспечить полную занятость в стране.
    
24. 
    Он подтвердил свое обязательство установить в стране многопартийную демократию.
    

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IV. Sections: Influencing voters, Polling
1. Match the words and phrases in List A with those in List B. Learn these lexical units.

List A

List B

to instil confidence to brainwash sb to sway public opinion to exercise influence wavering voter to carry out an opinion poll popularity rating to shape beliefs to swing the vote to swing an election to disabuse sb of illusions to increase influence to diminish influence to curb influence to gain influence to fall under sb's influence undue influence to engage in propaganda propaganda machine indoctrination the swing of the pendulum to lead in an opinion poll to commission a poll exit poll pollster to enjoy a rating

a. укреплять влияние b. чрезмерное влияние c. нейтрализовать влияние d. иметь рейтинг e. получить влияние f. заниматься пропагандой g. идеологическая обработка h. ослаблять влияние i. лидировать в опросе общественного мнения j. специалист по опросу общественного мнения k. проводить опрос общественного мнения l. вселять уверенность m. формировать убеждения n. повлиять на общественное мнение o. колеблющийся избиратель p. заказать опрос общественного мнения q. промывать мозги r. освобождать от иллюзий s. добиться успеха на выборах t. рейтинг популярности u. изменение общественного мнения v. изменить политические предпочтения избирателей w. подпадать под чье-л. влияние x. опрос избирателей на выходе с избирательного участка y. пропагандистский аппарат z. оказывать влияние

2. Give synonyms for the following words and phrases.
(to influence sb) deeply, to seek (to influence sb), to instil (enthusiasm), to brainwash, to sway, to exercise (influence), to increase (influence), to curb (influence), to fall under (sb's influence), bad (influence), big (influence), to engage in (propaganda), to neutralize (propaganda), indoctrination, wavering voter, to poll, opinion poll, to carry out (a poll), (a poll) shows, popularity (rating), to enjoy (a rating), (a rating) rises, (a rating) falls
3. Suggest words and expressions that correspond to the following definitions.

1. 
   to make someone realize that they were wrong to believe something
   
2. 
   a person or organization that prepares opinion polls
   
3. 
   information which is false or which emphasizes just one part of a situation, used by a government or political party in order to influence people's opinions and beliefs
   
4. 
   someone who cannot make a decision about which political party to vote for at an election; someone who does not always vote for the same political party at elections
   
5. 
   the tendency of ideas, beliefs, opinions etc to change regularly to the opposite
   
6. 
   the activity of asking people, as they leave a polling station, how they have voted in an election in order to discover the likely result
   
7. 
   to ask a large group of people the same questions in order to find out what most people think about something
   
8. 
   to affect the way someone or something develops, behaves, thinks etc without directly forcing or ordering them
   
9. 
   a measurement of how good, important, popular etc someone or something is
   
10. 
    to force someone to accept a set of political or religious beliefs by repeating the same idea many times so that the person cannot think in an independent way
    
11. 
    to put a feeling, idea or principle gradually into someone's mind, so that it has a strong influence on the way they think or behave; to strongly fix ideas, feelings or opinions in someone else's mind so that they influence their character or behaviour
    
12. 
    the process of asking a large group of people the same questions in order to find out what most people think about something; a record of the result of this
    
13. 
    a noticeable change in opinions, ideas or emotions
    
14. 
    to influence something such as a belief, opinion, policy, someone's character etc and make it develop in a particular way
    
15. 
    to influence someone so that they change their opinion
    

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4. Match the words in List A with those in List B to form phrases.

List A	List B
to inculcate to sway to conduct to shape to indoctrinate to swing to disabuse to wield to come to spread to subject to show the swing undecided approval to enjoy	a. voter b. a rating c. propaganda d. rating e. a survey f. of the pendulum g. a swing towards the centre h. sb to brainwashing i. support away from sb j. sb with ideology k. influence l. ideas m. under sb's influence n. sb of illusions o. attitudes p. public opinion

5. Fill the gaps in the sentences with prepositions or adverbial particles if necessary.

1. 
   By participating at an early stage, we hoped to have some influence ….. the national agenda.
   
2. 
   It is impossible for these moral values to be implanted ….. people by force.
   
3. 
   They stepped ….. the propaganda campaign to end military government.
   
4. 
   A swing ….. the Conservatives in London reduced Labour's representation there from 26 to 24 seats.
   
5. 
   Many parents were surprised by the survey ….. teenage drug use.
   
6. 
   It is too easy for any State or Church to indoctrinate young children ….. the views that it considers correct.
   
7. 
   The government is trying to brainwash them ….. thinking that war is necessary.
   
8. 
   Citizens were indoctrinated ….. believing that their leader was the source of all wisdom and goodness.
   
9. 
   Her speech failed to sway the voters ….. supporting her plan.
   
10. 
    This latest scandal could swing popular support ….. ….. them.
    
11. 
    The government did nothing to disabuse the public ….. this impression.
    
12. 
    He denies exerting any political influence ….. them.
    
13. 
    They came ….. the influence of a strange religious sect.
    
14. 
    The military ….. particular were subjected ….. intense political indoctrination.
    
15. 
    The swing ….. the Tories suggests an unwillingness to see Kinnock as prime minister.
    
16. 
    The pendulum has swung ….. silly dreaming ….. grinding pragmatism.
    
17. 
    Researchers surveyed 10,000 customers ….. the quality of companies that they used.
    
18. 
    The committee carried out a survey ….. parking problems in residential areas.
    
19. 
    The Republicans are gaining ground ….. the opinion polls.
    
20. 
    MORI did a poll ….. senior managers to get their views on taxation.
    
21. 
    The president's popularity ratings are ….. a record low.
    
22. 
    His approval ratings may even go ….. .
    

6. Choose the word or phrase (from the list) that best completes each of the sentences below. Change the grammatical form of the word or phrase if necessary.
deeply, influence, to shape, to instil, to indoctrinate, to sway, survey, to swing, to wield, to neutralize, to disabuse, to fall, undue, to influence, propaganda, to seek, swing, in favour, undecided, to poll, to indicate, to enjoy, approval, to sink, to gain, public opinion

1. 
   They mounted a ….. campaign against Western governments.
   
2. 
   The political pendulum has swung ….. of the liberals.
   
3. 
   ….. in the country was beginning to shift to the right.
   
4. 
   There was a massive twenty per cent ….. away from the Conservatives to the Liberal Democrats.
   
5. 
   The President's ….. rating rose to 78%.
   
6. 
   Some parents were critical of attempts ….. children in green ideology.
   
7. 
   The government's popularity rating ….. to an all-time low.
   
8. 
   They were accused of interfering with voters and exerting ….. influence.
   
9. 
   At that time Clinton ….. the highest public approval ratings of his presidency.
   
10. 
    We'll be working hard over the next ten days to win over the ….. voters.
    
11. 
    Both societies are ….. influenced by their history and by their perception of that history.
    
12. 
    Public opinion began ….. the other way.
    
13. 
    Recent events have done much ….. the influence of the right-wing.
    
14. 
    A recent poll ….. that most people opposed the changes.
    
15. 
    More than 70 per cent of the voters who ….. said that they approved of his record as president.
    
16. 
    Research findings are often used ….. Government policy.
    
17. 
    They …. under the influence of a strange religious sect.
    
18. 
    These arguments ….. public opinion.
    
19. 
    The president's wife ….. enormous influence within the party.
    
20. 
    They attempt ….. fear into people and discourage freedom of thought.
    

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