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System Description

Wireless Power Transfer

Basic Power Transmitter Designs

Version 1.1.1

3.2.2.1.2Shielding

As shown in Figure 3-7, soft-magnetic material protects the Base Station from the magnetic field that is generated in the Primary Coil. The Shielding extends to at least 2 mm beyond the outer diameter of the Primary Coil, has a thickness of at least 0.20 mm and is placed below the Primary Coil at a distance of at most mm. This version 1.1.1 of the System Description Wireless Power Transfer, Volume I, Part 1, limits the composition of the Shielding to a choice from the following list of materials:

DPR-MF3 — Daido Steel

HS13-H — Daido Steel

 

 

Interface

 

 

Surface

 

 

5 mm min.

 

 

dz

1.0° max.

 

ds

 

 

 

Primary

2 mm min.

 

Coil

 

 

Base

Shielding

Station

 

Figure 3-7: Primary Coil assembly of Power Transmitter design A2

3.2.2.1.3Interface Surface

As shown in Figure 3-7, the distance from the Primary Coil to the Interface Surface of the Base Station is mm, across the top face of the Primary Coil. In addition, the Interface Surface of the Base

Station extends at least 5 mm beyond the outer diameter of the Primary Coil.

3.2.2.1.4Positioning stage

The positioning stage shall have a resolution of 0.1 mm or better in each of the two orthogonal directions parallel to the Interface Surface.

3.2.2.2Electrical details

As shown in Figure 3-8, Power Transmitter design A2 uses a full-bridge inverter to drive the Primary Coil and a series capacitance. At the fixed Operating Frequency of 140 kHz, the assembly of Primary Coil and Shielding has a self inductance μH. The value of the series capacitance is nF. (Informative) Near resonance, the voltage developed across the series capacitance can reach levels up to 50 V pk-pk.

Power Transmitter design A2 uses the input voltage to the full-bridge inverter to control the amount of power that is transferred. For this purpose, the input voltage range is 3…12 V, where a lower input voltage results in the transfer of a lower amount of power. In order to achieve a sufficiently accurate adjustment of the power that is transferred, a type A2 Power Transmitter shall be able to control the input voltage with a resolution of 50 mV or better.

When a type A2 Power Transmitter first applies a Power Signal (Digital Ping; see Section 5.2.1), it shall use an initial input voltage of 8 V.

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© Wireless Power Consortium, July 2012


 

System Description

 

Wireless Power Transfer

Version 1.1.1

Basic Power Transmitter Designs

Full-bridge

Inverter

Input

Voltage + Control

CP

LP

Figure 3-8: Electrical diagram (outline) of Power Transmitter design A2

Control of the power transfer shall proceed using the PID algorithm, which is defined in Section 5.2.3.1. The controlled variable ( ) introduced in the definition of that algorithm represents the input voltage to the full-bridge inverter. In order to guarantee sufficiently accurate power control, a type A2 Power Transmitter shall determine the amplitude of the Primary Cell voltage—which is equal to the Primary Coil voltage—with a resolution of 5 mV or better. Finally, Table 3-6 provides the values of several parameters, which are used in the PID algorithm.

Table 3-6: PID parameters for voltage control

Parameter

Symbol

Value

Unit

Proportional gain

 

1

mA-1

Integral gain

 

0

mA-1ms-1

Derivative gain

 

0

mA-1ms

Integral term limit

 

N.A.

N.A.

 

 

 

 

PID output limit

 

1,500

N.A.

 

 

 

 

Scaling factor

 

–0.5

mV

 

 

 

 

© Wireless Power Consortium, July 2012

19


 

System Description

 

Wireless Power Transfer

Basic Power Transmitter Designs

Version 1.1.1

3.2.3Power Transmitter design A3

Power Transmitter design A3 enables Free Positioning, and has a design similar to Power Transmitter design A2. See Section 3.2.2 for an overview.

3.2.3.1Mechanical details

Power Transmitter design A3 includes a single Primary Coil as defined in Section 3.2.3.1.1, Shielding as defined in Section 3.2.3.1.2, an Interface Surface as defined in Section 3.2.3.1.3, and a positioning stage as defined in Section 3.2.3.1.4.

3.2.3.1.1Primary Coil

The Primary Coil is of the wire-wound type, and consists of litz wire having 11 strands of 0.20 mm diameter, or equivalent. As shown in Figure 3-9, the Primary Coil has a circular shape and consists of a single layer. Table 3-7 lists the dimensions of the Primary Coil.

do

di

dc

Figure 3-9: Primary Coil of Power Transmitter design A3

Table 3-7: Primary Coil parameters of Power Transmitter design A3

Parameter

Symbol

Value

 

 

 

Outer diameter

 

mm

 

 

 

Inner diameter

 

mm

 

 

 

Thickness

 

mm

 

 

 

Number of turns per layer

 

25

 

 

 

Number of layers

1

 

 

 

20

© Wireless Power Consortium, July 2012

System Description

Wireless Power Transfer

Version 1.1.1

Basic Power Transmitter Designs

3.2.3.1.2Shielding

As shown in Figure 3-10: Primary Coil assembly of Power Transmitter design A3, soft-magnetic material protects the Base Station from the magnetic field that is generated in the Primary Coil. The Shielding extends to at least 1 mm beyond the outer diameter of the Primary Coil, has a thickness of at least 0.60 mm and is placed below the Primary Coil at a distance of at most mm. This version 1.1.1 of the System Description Wireless Power Transfer, Volume I, Part 1, limits the composition of the Shielding to a choice from the following list of materials:

HS13-H — Daido Steel

KNZWA20B356 — Panasonic

 

 

Interface

 

 

Surface

 

 

5 mm min.

 

 

dz

1.0° max.

 

ds

 

 

 

Primary

1 mm min.

 

Coil

 

 

Base

Shielding

Station

 

Figure 3-10: Primary Coil assembly of Power Transmitter design A3

3.2.3.1.3Interface Surface

As shown in Figure 3-10, the distance from the Primary Coil to the Interface Surface of the Base Station is mm, across the top face of the Primary Coil. In addition, the Interface Surface of the Base

Station extends at least 5 mm beyond the outer diameter of the Primary Coil.

3.2.3.1.4Positioning stage

The positioning stage shall have a resolution of 0.1 mm or better in each of the two orthogonal directions parallel to the Interface Surface.

3.2.3.2Electrical details

As shown in Figure 3-11, Power Transmitter design A3 uses a full-bridge inverter to drive the Primary Coil and a series capacitance. At an Operating Frequency range between 105 kHz and 140 kHz, the

assembly of Primary Coil and Shielding has a self inductance

μH. The value of the series

capacitance is

nF. (Informative) Near resonance, the voltage developed across the series

capacitance can reach levels up to 100 V pk-pk.

 

Power Transmitter design A3 uses the input voltage to the full-bridge inverter to control the amount of power that is transferred. For this purpose, the input voltage range is 3…12 V, where a lower input voltage results in the transfer of a lower amount of power. In order to achieve a sufficiently accurate adjustment of the power that is transferred, a type A3 Power Transmitter shall be able to control the input voltage with a resolution of 50 mV or better.

When a type A3 Power Transmitter first applies a Power Signal (Digital Ping; see Section 5.2.1), it shall use an initial input voltage of 6 V. It is recommended that the Power Transmitter uses an Operating Frequency of 140 kHz when first applying the Power Signal. If the Power Transmitter does not to receive a Signal Strength Packet from the Power Receiver, the Power Transmitter shall remove the Power Signal as defined in Section 5.2.1. The Power Transmitter may reapply the Power Signal multiple times at

© Wireless Power Consortium, July 2012

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System Description

 

Wireless Power Transfer

Basic Power Transmitter Designs

Version 1.1.1

other—consecutively lower—Operating Frequencies within the range specified above, until the Power Transmitter receives a Signal Strength Packet containing an appropriate Signal Strength Value.

Full-bridge

Inverter

Input

Voltage + Control

CP

LP

Figure 3-11: Electrical diagram (outline) of Power Transmitter design A3

Control of the power transfer shall proceed using the PID algorithm, which is defined in Section 5.2.3.1. The controlled variable ( ) introduced in the definition of that algorithm represents the input voltage to the full-bridge inverter. In order to guarantee sufficiently accurate power control, a type A3 Power Transmitter shall determine the amplitude of the Primary Cell voltage—which is equal to the Primary Coil voltage—with a resolution of 5 mV or better. Finally, Table 3-8 provides the values of several parameters, which are used in the PID algorithm.

Table 3-8: PID parameters for voltage control

 

Parameter

 

 

Symbol

 

 

Value

 

 

Unit

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Proportional gain

 

 

 

 

1

 

 

mA-1

 

 

Integral gain

 

 

 

 

0

 

 

mA-1ms-1

 

 

Derivative gain

 

 

 

 

0

 

 

mA-1ms

 

 

Integral term limit

 

 

 

 

 

N.A.

 

 

N.A.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PID output limit

 

 

 

 

1,500

 

 

N.A.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Scaling factor

 

 

 

 

 

–0.5

 

 

mV

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

22

© Wireless Power Consortium, July 2012


 

System Description

 

Wireless Power Transfer

Version 1.1.1

Basic Power Transmitter Designs

3.2.4Power Transmitter design A4

Power Transmitter design A4 enables Free Positioning. Figure 3-12 illustrates the functional block diagram of this design, which consists of two major functional units, namely a Power Conversion Unit and a Communications and Control Unit.

Communications

& Control Unit

Input Power

Inverter

Power

Coil

Conversion

Selection

Unit

 

Primary

 

Coils

 

Sensing

 

Figure 3-12: Functional block diagram of Power Transmitter design A4

The Power Conversion Unit on the right-hand side of Figure 3-12 and the Detection Unit of the bottom of Figure 3-12 comprise the analog parts of the design. The inverter converts the DC input to an AC waveform that drives a resonant circuit, which consists of the selected Primary Coil plus a series capacitor. The selected Primary Coil is one from two partially overlapping Primary Coils, as appropriate for the position of the Power Receiver relative to the two Primary Coils. Selection of the Primary Coil proceeds by the Power Transmitter attempting to establish communication with a Power Receiver using either Primary Coil. Finally, the voltage sense monitors the Primary Coil voltage and current.

The Communications and Control Unit on the left-hand side of Figure 3-12 comprises the digital logic part of the design. The Communications and Control Unit receives and decodes messages from the Power Receiver, configures the Coil Selection block to connect the appropriate Primary Coil, executes the relevant power control algorithms and protocols, and drives the input voltage of the AC waveform to control the power transfer. The Communications and Control Unit also interfaces with other subsystems of the Base Station, e.g. for user interface purposes.

3.2.4.1Mechanical details

Power Transmitter design A4 includes two Primary Coils as defined in Section 3.2.4.1.1, Shielding as defined in Section 3.2.4.1.2, and an Interface Surface as defined in Section 3.2.4.1.3.

3.2.4.1.1Primary Coil

The Primary Coils are of the wire-wound type, and consists of litz wire having 115 strands of 0.08 mm diameter, or equivalent. As shown in Figure 3-13, a Primary Coil has a racetrack-like shape and consists of a single layer. Table 3-9 lists the dimensions of a Primary Coil.

© Wireless Power Consortium, July 2012

23