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System Description

 

Wireless Power Transfer

Basic Power Transmitter Designs

Version 1.1.1

Figure 3-13: Primary Coil of Power Transmitter design A4

Table 3-9: Primary Coil parameters of Power Transmitter design A4

 

Parameter

 

 

Symbol

 

 

Value

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Outer length

 

 

 

 

 

mm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Inner length

 

 

 

 

 

mm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Outer width

 

 

 

 

 

mm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Inner width

 

 

 

 

 

mm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Thickness

 

 

 

 

 

mm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Number of turns per layer

 

 

 

 

23.5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Number of layers

 

 

 

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Power Transmitter design A4 contains two Primary Coils, which are mounted in a Shielding block (see Section 3.2.4.1.2) with their long axes coincident, and a displacement of mm between their centers. See Figure 3-14.

Figure 3-14: Dual Primary Coils (top view)

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© Wireless Power Consortium, July 2012


 

System Description

 

Wireless Power Transfer

Version 1.1.1

Basic Power Transmitter Designs

3.2.4.1.2Shielding

As shown in Figure 3-15, soft-magnetic material protects the Base Station from the magnetic field that is generated in the Primary Coils. The top face of the Shielding block is aligned with the top face of the Primary Coils, such that the Shielding surrounds the Primary Coils on all sides except for the top face. In addition, the Shielding extends to at least 2.5 mm beyond the outer edge of the Primary Coils, and has a thickness of at least 5 mm. This version 1.1.1 of the System Description Wireless Power Transfer, Volume I, Part 1, limits the composition of the Shielding to a choice from the following list of materials:

Mn-Zn-Ferrite Dust Core — any supplier

Interface

Surface

5 mm min.

dz

Primary Coil (lower)

 

 

 

 

5.0 mm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Primary Coil (upper)

2.5 mm min.

Base

Shielding

 

 

 

 

 

Station

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure 3-15: Primary Coil assembly of Power Transmitter design A4

3.2.4.1.3Interface Surface

As shown in Figure 3-15, the distance from the Primary Coil to the Interface Surface of the Base Station is mm, across the top face of the Primary Coil. In addition, the Interface Surface of the Base

Station extends at least 5 mm beyond the outer diameter of the Primary Coil.

3.2.4.1.4Separation between multiple Power transmitters

In a Base Station that contains multiple type A4 Power Transmitters, the Primary Coil assemblies of any pair of Power Transmitter shall not overlap—(informative) Note that the two Primary Coils within an assembly do overlap as defined in Section 3.2.4.1.1.

3.2.4.2Electrical details

As shown in Figure 3-16, Power Transmitter design A4 uses a full-bridge inverter to drive the Primary Coils and a series capacitance. In addition, Power Transmitter design A4 shall operate coil selection switches SWu and SWl such that only a single Primary Coil is connected to the inverter.

Within the Operating Frequency range of 110…180 kHz, each Primary Coil in the assembly of Primary Coils and Shielding has a self inductance μH. The value of the series capacitance is nF. The input voltage to the full-bridge inverter is 5…11 V. (Informative) Near resonance,

the voltage developed across the series capacitance can reach levels up to 40 V pk-pk.

Power Transmitter design A4 uses the Operating Frequency and the input voltage to the full-bridge inverter to control the amount of power that is transferred. In order to achieve a sufficiently accurate adjustment of the power that is transferred, a type A4 Power Transmitter shall be able to control the frequency with a resolution of 0.5 kHz, and the input voltage with a resolution of 50 mV or better.

When a type A4 Power Transmitter first applies a Power Signal (Digital Ping; see Section 5.2.1), the Power Transmitter shall use an Operating Frequency of 130 kHz, and an input voltage of 8 V. If the Power Transmitter does not to receive a Signal Strength Packet from the Power Receiver, the Power Transmitter shall remove the Power Signal as defined in Section 5.2.1. The Power Transmitter may reapply the Power Signal multiple times at an Operating Frequency of 130 kHz using consecutively higher input voltages

© Wireless Power Consortium, July 2012

25


 

System Description

 

Wireless Power Transfer

Basic Power Transmitter Designs

Version 1.1.1

within the range specified above, until the Power Transmitter receives a Signal Strength Packet containing an appropriate Signal Strength Value.

Full-bridge

Inverter

Input

Voltage + Control

CP

LPu

LPl

SWu SWl

Figure 3-16: Electrical diagram (outline) of Power Transmitter design A4

Control of the power transfer shall proceed using the PID algorithm, which is defined in Section5.2.3.1 . The controlled variable ( ) introduced in the definition of that algorithm represents Operating Frequency as well as the input voltage to the full-bridge inverter.It is recommended that control of the power occurs primarily by means of adjustments to the Operating Frequency, and that voltage adjustments are made only at the boundaries of the Operating Frequency range. In order to guarantee sufficiently accurate power control, a type A4 Power Transmitter shall determine the amplitude of the Primary Coil current with a resolution of 5 mA or better. Finally, Table 3-10 and Table 3-11 provide the values of several parameters, which are used in the PID algorithm.

26

© Wireless Power Consortium, July 2012

 

 

 

System Description

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Wireless Power Transfer

 

 

 

 

 

 

Version 1.1.1

 

 

 

 

 

Basic Power Transmitter Designs

 

 

Table 3-10: PID parameters for Operating Frequency control

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Parameter

 

 

Symbol

 

 

Value

 

 

Unit

 

 

 

 

Proportional gain

 

 

 

 

 

1

 

 

mA-1

 

 

 

Integral gain

 

 

 

 

 

0

 

 

mA-1ms-1

 

 

 

Derivative gain

 

 

 

 

 

0

 

 

mA-1ms

 

 

 

Integral term limit

 

 

 

 

 

N.A.

 

 

N.A.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PID output limit

 

 

 

 

 

20,000

 

 

N.A.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Scaling factor

 

 

 

 

 

1.0

 

 

Hz

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 3-11: PID parameters for voltage control

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Parameter

 

 

Symbol

 

 

Value

 

 

Unit

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Proportional gain

 

 

 

 

 

1

 

 

mA-1

 

 

 

Integral gain

 

 

 

 

 

0

 

 

mA-1ms-1

 

 

 

Derivative gain

 

 

 

 

 

0

 

 

mA-1ms

 

 

 

Integral term limit

 

 

 

 

 

N.A.

 

 

N.A.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PID output limit

 

 

 

 

 

1,500

 

 

N.A.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Scaling factor

 

 

 

 

 

–0.5

 

 

mV

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

© Wireless Power Consortium, July 2012

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System Description

 

Wireless Power Transfer

Basic Power Transmitter Designs

Version 1.1.1

3.2.5Power Transmitter design A5

Power Transmitter design A5 enables Guided Positioning, and has a design similar to Power Transmitter design A1. See Section 3.2.1 for an overview.

3.2.5.1Mechanical details

Power Transmitter design A5 includes a single Primary Coil as defined in Section 3.2.5.1.1, Shielding as defined in Section 3.2.5.1.2, an Interface Surface as defined in Section 3.2.5.1.3, and an alignment aid as defined in Section 3.2.5.1.4.

3.2.5.1.1Primary Coil

As shown in Figure 3-17, the Primary Coil has a circular shape and consists of one or two layers of type 1 or type 2 litz wire, having in total 105 strands of no. 40 AWG (0.08 mm diameter), or equivalent. Table 3- 12 lists the dimensions of the Primary Coil.

do

di

dc

Figure 3-17: Primary Coil of Power Transmitter design A5

Table 3-12: Primary Coil parameters of Power Transmitter design A5

Parameter

Symbol

Value

 

 

 

Outer diameter

 

mm

 

 

 

Inner diameter

 

mm

 

 

 

Thickness

 

mm

 

 

 

Total number of turns

 

10

 

 

 

Number of layers

1 or 2

 

 

 

3.2.5.1.2Shielding

As shown in Figure 3-18, soft-magnetic material protects the Base Station from the magnetic field that is generated in the Primary Coil. The Shielding extends to at least 2 mm beyond the outer diameter of the Primary Coil, has a thickness of at least 0.5 mm, and is placed below the Primary Coil at a distance of at most mm. This version 1.1.1 of the System Description Wireless Power Transfer, Volume I, Part 1, limits the composition of the Shielding to a choice from the following list of materials:

Material 44 — Fair Rite Corporation.

Material 28 — Steward, Inc.

CMG22G — Ceramic Magnetics, Inc.

Kolektor 22G — Kolektor.

LeaderTech SB28B2100-1 — LeaderTech Inc.

TopFlux “A“— TopFlux.

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© Wireless Power Consortium, July 2012


 

System Description

 

Wireless Power Transfer

Version 1.1.1

Basic Power Transmitter Designs

TopFlux “B“— TopFlux.

ACME K081 — Acme Electronics.

L7H — TDK Corporation.

PE22 — TDK Corporation.

FK2 — TDK Corporation.

317 mm min.

1.0° max.

Magnet

Primary Coil

Base

Shielding

Station

 

Interface

Surface

5 mm min.

dz

ds

2 mm min.

Figure 3-18: Primary Coil assembly of Power Transmitter design A5

3.2.5.1.3Interface Surface

As shown in Figure 3-18, the distance from the Primary Coil to the Interface Surface of the Base Station is mm, across the top face of the Primary Coil. In addition, the Interface Surface of the Base Station extends at least 5 mm beyond the outer diameter of the Primary Coil. (Informative) This Primary-

Coil-to-Interface-Surface distance implies that the tilt angle between the Primary Coil and a flat Interface Surface is at most 1.0 . Alternatively, in case of a non-flat Interface Surface, this Primary-Coil-to-Interface- Surface distance implies a radius of curvature of the Interface Surface of at least 317 mm, centered on the Primary Coil. See also Figure 3-18.

3.2.5.1.4Alignment aid

Power Transmitter design A5 employs a magnet, which a Power Receiver design can exploit to provide an effective alignment means (see Section 4.2.1.2). As shown in Figure 3-18, the magnet is centered within the Primary Coil, and has its north pole oriented towards the Interface Surface. The (static) magnetic flux density due to the magnet, as measured across the Base Station’s Interface Surface, has a maximum of

mT. The diameter of the magnet is at most 15.5 mm.

3.2.5.1.5Inter coil separation

If the Base Station contains multiple type A5 Power Transmitters, the Primary Coils of any pair of those Power Transmitters shall have a center-to-center distance of at least 50 mm.

© Wireless Power Consortium, July 2012

29

 

System Description

 

Wireless Power Transfer

Basic Power Transmitter Designs

Version 1.1.1

3.2.5.2Electrical details

As shown in Figure 3-19, Power Transmitter design A5 uses a full-bridge inverter to drive the Primary Coil and a series capacitance. Within the Operating Frequency range specified below, the assembly of

Primary Coil, Shielding, and magnet has a self inductance

μH.

The value of the series

capacitance is

μF. The input voltage to the full-bridge inverter is

V. (Informative) Near

resonance, the voltage developed across the series capacitance can reach levels exceeding 100 V pk-pk.

Power Transmitter design A5 uses the Operating Frequency and duty cycle of the Power Signal in order to control the amount of power that is transferred. For this purpose, the Operating Frequency range of the full-bridge inverter is kHz with a duty cycle of 50%; and its duty cycle range is 10…50%

at an Operating Frequency of 205 kHz. A higher Operating Frequency or lower duty cycle result in the transfer of a lower amount of power. In order to achieve a sufficiently accurate adjustment of the amount of power that is transferred, a type A5 Power Transmitter shall control the Operating Frequency with a resolution of

 

kHz,

for fop in the 110…175 kHz range;

 

kHz,

for fop in the 175…205 kHz range;

or better. In addition, a type A5 Power Transmitter shall control the duty cycle of the Power Signal with a resolution of 0.1% or better.

When a type A5 Power Transmitter first applies a Power Signal (Digital Ping; see Section 5.2.1), it shall use an initial Operating Frequency of 175 kHz (and a duty cycle of 50%).

Control of the power transfer shall proceed using the PID algorithm, which is defined in Section 5.2.3.1. The controlled variable ( ) introduced in the definition of that algorithm represents the Operating Frequency or the duty cycle. In order to guarantee sufficiently accurate power control, a type A5 Power Transmitter shall determine the amplitude of the Primary Cell current—which is equal to the Primary Coil current—with a resolution of 7 mA or better. Finally, Table 3-13, Table 3-14, and Table 3-15 provide the values of several parameters, which are used in the PID algorithm.

Full-bridge

Inverter

Input

Voltage + Control

CP

LP

Figure 3-19: Electrical diagram (outline) of Power Transmitter design A5

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© Wireless Power Consortium, July 2012