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INDEX

Italic page numbers indicate

Afrikaners. See Boer War

Massachusetts Bay Company 302

illustrations.

Age of Enlightenment 46–48, 208

Quebec Act, effect of 349

 

Agincourt, Battle of (1415) 12,

rebellion of 45, 53, 105, 130, 186

A

101–102, 242, 252

settlement 104–105

agitators 37

trade ties with new United States

Abbot, Charles 153

“agnostic” 254

following rebellion 56

Abbot, George 99

agricultural revolution 48–49, 102

transportation to 397

abdication crisis (Edward VIII) 99,

Coke, Thomas 166–167

Amiens, Peace of 173

204, 225

AIDS 401

Amritsar massacre (1919) 105, 222,

Aberdeen, George Hamilton-

aircraft, first use in World War I 71

258

Gordon, fourth earl of (prime

air raids 79, 102–103, 127, 428

Ancient Britons 220

minister) 99, 179

Aix-la-Chapelle, Treaty of (1748)

Anderson, Elizabeth Garrett 106,

Aboukir Bay, Battle of (1798) 99,

115

212

317

Alamein, Battle of El (1942) 103,

Angevin invasions 4–5

Acadia 325

310

Anglican Church 106, 162, 237,

Act of. See specific acts

Alanbrooke, Alan 103

283. See also Church of England

act of Parliament 99–100, 171, 263,

Albany, duke of 103

Anglo-Dutch Wars. See Dutch Wars

308, 342, 385, 387

Albert, Prince 58, 103–104, 181,

Anglo-Irish Treaty (1921) 106, 167,

Acton, John, first baron Acton 100

201, 231–232, 405

188, 230, 233, 263, 264, 266, 323,

Adam, Robert 100

Alexander, Harold Rupert Leofric

328

Addington, Henry, viscount Sid-

George, first earl Alexander of

Anglo-Normans 5

mouth (prime minister) 100

Tunis 104

“Anglo-Saxondom” 189

Addison, Joseph 100, 386

Alfred the Great 4, 207

Anglo-Saxon kingdoms 4, 307, 321.

admiralty 101, 169, 244, 273, 404

Allen, William 104

See also Saxons

Admiralty Board 101, 317

Allenby, Edmund Henry Hynman,

Anne, Princess 204

adult education, early 19th century

first viscount 104

Anne (queen) 44, 45, 52, 106–107,

303

almshouses 104

277

advocates. See barristers

Alternate Service Book 129

Anne of Cleves (queen) 20, 107,

Afghanistan 67, 101

Amboyna massacre (1623) 104, 195

181, 243

Africa 101. See also specific African

American colonies 104–105, 167.

Anson, George 107, 251

countries and territories

See also Revolutionary War in

anticolonialism 56

British possessions in

American colonies; Stamp Act

Anti-Corn Law League 55, 107, 166,

(1885–1924), map 498

(1765); United States

173, 304

British relations, history 101

Battle of Bunker Hill (1775) 137,

antislavery movement 54, 107, 135,

Dr. Livingstone 288, 385

165, 251

164, 165, 373, 377, 378

exertion of imperial power 64–65

Board of Trade 128

antiterrorist legislation 195

“indirect rule” of Baron Lugard

Continental Congress 185

apartheid 381, 390

292

crises 104–105

Appeal, Court of 107–108, 143, 175,

rebellion against British power

Declaration of Independence

179, 244, 273, 302

66–67

(1776) 185

appeasement policy, pre–World

slave trade. See slave trade and

expansion 104–105

War II 77, 78, 108, 112, 154,

slavery

map (1607–1763) 497

160, 197, 295, 393, 423

526

Index 527

apprenticeship 108, 198, 211, 234 Arch, Joseph 108

archbishop, office of 108–109, 250, 338. See also Canterbury, province of Church of England; York, province of Church of England

cathedral, seat of 150 archdeacon, office of 109 architecture. See specific architects

Arden 100–101 “area bombing” 240

Argyll Commission 199 aristocracy in 21st century 95–96 Arkwright, Sir Richard 109

Armada, Spanish. See Spanish Armada Arminian doctrines 110, 163, 203,

283

Arminium, Jacobus 110 armistice of 1918 74, 110 Armstrong, Sir William 87

army, British 110–111, 313. See also New Model Army (1645)

War Office 409

Army Discipline and Regulation Act (1879) 313

Arnold, Matthew 111 Arnold, Thomas 111, 386

Arthur, king of the Britons 5–6 Articles of Religion (1553) 178, 201 arts. See also specific artists

copyright 172 Elizabethan age 31–32 Enlightenment 208 20th-century Britain 89 21st-century Britain 96

Ascham, Roger 111 Ashanti 111, 419 Aske, Robert 111, 340

Asquith, Herbert Henry, first earl of Oxford and Asquith (prime minister) 71, 72, 76, 111–112, 148, 182, 284, 288, 422

assize 112, 168, 181, 210, 231, 332 bloody assizes (1685) 127, 270,

310

nisi prius 321

Assize of Arms (1181) 110, 306 Association Movement 112, 197,

425

Astor, Nancy, viscountess 112, 166 Astor, Waldorf 166

Atlantic, Battle of the (1940–43) 80, 112–113

Atlantic Charter (1941) 80, 82, 113 atom bomb 113, 325. See also

nuclear energy

British development 90, 113 Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1945)

80, 423

splitting of atom, discovery 364 attainder 113, 181, 251, 372, 387 Atterbury, Francis 113, 246 Attlee, Clement Richard (prime

minister) 81, 84, 113–114, 424 attorney 114

Attwood, Thomas 114 Aubrey, John 114

Auchinleck, Sir Claude 114, 411 Augmentations, Court of (1536)

26, 114 Austen, Jane 114

Austin, Herbert 114–115 Australia 115

autonomy gained by 65, 83, 192 colonial expansion in 56 diaspora in 19th century 61–62 systematic colonization of 58 transportation to 397

Austria

pre–World War I events in 70–71 World War II 78, 108

Austrian Succession, War of (1740–48) 115, 182, 224, 271

Austro-Hungarian Empire 70

B

Babington, Anthony 116, 204, 409 backbencher 116

Bacon, Francis 116, 116–117 Baden-Powell, Robert 117, 131–132,

226–227

Bagehot, Walter 117, 308 bail 117

“bailie” 117 bailiff 117

Balaclava, Battle of (1954) 147 “balanced constitution” 308 balance of power 117, 123 Baldwin, Stanley, first earl Baldwin

of Bewdley (prime minister) 117, 154

Balfour, Arthur James Balfour, first earl (prime minister) 117–118

Balfour Declaration (1917) 118, 182, 334, 428

Balkans, pre–World War I 70–71

Ball, John 118, 337

Ballot Act (1872) 118, 217, 265, 287, 369

Baltimore, George Calvert, first baron 118

Bancroft, Richard (archbishop of Canterbury) 118

Banda, Dr. Hastings 297 Bangladesh 118–119, 258, 333 Bank Charter Act of 1844 119 Bank of England 119, 316, 378

establishment 43, 119, 236 nationalization 86

bankruptcy, London court of 244 Baptists 119, 191, 321

Barbados 119, 413 Barnardo, Thomas 119

Barnet, Battle of (1471) 14, 119, 393, 410

baron, rank of 119, 338, 406 baronet, rank of 119, 223

Barrett, Elizabeth (Elizabeth Barrett Browning) 136

barristers 114, 120, 176, 260, 284, 285, 383

bastard feudalism 11 Basutoland 120, 286 Battle of. See specific battles

Baxter, Richard 120, 270 BBC. See British Broadcasting

Corporation Beardsley, Aubrey 120 Beatles 89, 90

Beaton, David 120, 279, 418 Beatty, David 120

Beaufort, Henry, Cardinal 12, 120, 228

Beaufort family 120–121 Beaverbrook, William Maxell Aitken

121 Bechuanaland 121

Becket, Thomas 6, 147

Beckford, William 121

Bede (monk of Northumbria) 4 Bedford, John, duke of 12–14 Bedlam 121

Belfast 121

Belize 122

Bell, Andrew 122, 198, 281

Bell, Clive and Vanessa 127 Benburb, Battle of (1646) 329 Benedictine order 309 Bengal 122, 165, 241, 257

528 Great Britain

Bentham, Jeremy 54, 56, 122, 135,

Blake, William 126, 359

Bosworth, Battle of (1485) 15, 130,

153, 252, 306, 351, 359, 403

Blenheim, Battle of (1704) 127, 299

357, 399

Berkeley, George 122

Bletchley Park (cryptographers and

Botany Bay 115, 130

Berlin, Congress of (1878) 70,

Enigma machine) 81, 401–402

Botha, Louis 130

122–123, 191

Bligh, William 127

Bothwell, James Hepburn, fourth

Bermuda 123

Blitz of London 79, 102, 103, 127,

earl of 130, 184, 301

Berwick, Treaty of (1586) 268, 291,

133, 160, 361, 423

Bothwell Bridge, Battle of 145

296

bloody assizes (1685) 127, 270, 310

Botswana 130–131

Besant, Annie 123

“Bloody Balfour” 117

Boulton, Matthew 131, 410, 416

Bessemer, Sir Henry 123

“Bloody Mackenzie” 294

Bounty, HMS 127

“Bess of Hardwick” (Elizabeth Talbot,

“Bloody Mary” 302

Bow Street Runners 131

countess of Shrewsbury) 123

Bloody Sunday (1887, 1820, 1972)

Boxer Rebellion (1900) 68, 131

Bethlem Royal Hospital (“Bedlam”)

127

Boycott, Charles 131

121

Bloomsbury Group 127, 217, 420

Boyle, Robert 131

between the world wars (1919–39)

blue book 128

Boyne, Battle of the (1690) 42–43,

75–79

Blunt, Anthony 128

131, 267, 330

Bevan, Aneurin 123, 316

Board of Agriculture 427

Boy Scouts 117, 131–132, 226

Beveridge, William 81, 123–124,

Board of Health 153

Bradlaugh, Charles 123, 132

315

Board of Trade 128, 140, 253, 342

Bray, Thomas 379

“Beveridge Report” (1942) 124, 411

Bodleian Library 128, 228

Breda, Declaration of (1660) 132,

Bevin, Ernest 124

Bodley, Sir Thomas 128

157, 355

Bible 24, 124, 164, 178, 209, 289,

Boer War (1899–1902) 64, 67–68,

Brest Litovsk, Treaty of (early 1918) 71

366, 379, 399, 425. See also King

70, 101, 128, 130, 137, 147, 269,

Bretton Woods Conference (1944)

James Version (1611) of Bible

288, 306, 329, 356, 366, 390, 397

82, 276

big bang theory 241

Boleyn, Anne (queen) 20, 22,

Bright, John 132, 298, 351

Big Three 81–82

128–129, 150, 178, 181, 203, 243,

Brindley, James 132

Bill of Rights 124, 217, 389

321, 371–372, 387, 419

Britain (the name) 132–133

dispensing power 190

Bolingbroke, Henry. See Henry IV

Britain, Battle of (1940) 79, 133, 193,

quasi-bill of rights 96, 124

Bolingbroke, Henry St. John 129

351, 361

U.S. Bill of Rights 124

“Bomber” Harris 240

British Airways 86

biological weapons 190

bombs/bombing. See also air raids;

British Broadcasting Corporation

Birkenhead, Frederick Edwin Smith,

atom bomb; London Blitz

(BBC) 86, 133, 165, 316, 352, 355

first earl of 125

“area bombing” 240

British Commonwealth 134, 413

birth control 297

Dresden, bombing of (World

British Empire, the 56–68, 133–134,

bishop, office of 125, 208, 250, 338,

War II) 240

207

347

Bonaparte, Napoleon 45, 53, 146,

beginnings 56

cathedral, seat of 150

171, 288, 314–315, 410. See also

challenge to 65–68

injunction 259–260

Waterloo, Battle of (1815)

decline and devolution since 1945

Bishops’ Bible 334

“Bonnie Prince Charlie.” See Stuart,

83–96

Bishops’ Wars (1639, 1640) 125,

Charles Edward

Diaspora 61–62

163, 286

Book of Common Prayer 24, 129,

early growth 133

Bismarck, Otto von, German chan-

162, 165, 178, 357, 366, 414

end of 65, 68

cellor 122

Alternate Service Book 129

European Community involve-

Black and Tans 106, 125

“Book of Martyrs” by John Foxe 218

ment versus the Empire, post

Black Death (bubonic plague) 8, 49,

Booth, Charles 129

1945 89–92, 207

125, 337, 372

Booth, William (Salvation Army)

foreign affairs 64–65

Black Hand Society 70

129, 366

rebellions against empire 65–68

“black hole of Calcutta” 122

borough 129, 313, 350. See also burgh

free trade empire 133–134. See

black holes theory 241

rotten boroughs of 18th century

also free trade

Blackstone, Sir William 125–126

54, 233, 249, 354, 360

growth of 56–61

Blair, Anthony (prime minister) 85,

Boston 105, 130

height of 62–65

126, 126

Boston Massacre (1770) 130

loss of empire status (World

Blair, Eric. See Orwell, George

Boston Tea Party (1773) 130, 349

War II) 82

Blake, Robert 126

Boswell, James 130, 272

map (1930) 500

 

 

Index 529

mercantile empire 133

Burghley, William Cecil, first baron

colonial expansion in 56

mid-1800s to 1914 56–68

138, 145, 152, 357

English and French in 146

monarchy 308

Burgoyne, John 138–139, 252

movement for Canadian federal

20th-century 69–95, 134

Burke, Edmund 139, 139, 277, 295,

government 294

British Expeditionary Force 134,

333, 345, 356, 359, 419

secession movement among

194, 219, 235, 421

Burke, Thomas 151

French Canadians 146

British Honduras 122

Burma 139, 291, 418

Canning, George (prime minister)

British Library 134–135

Burnet, Gilbert 139

146, 304

British Museum 134–135, 300

Burns, John 139–140

canons (church law) 169, 284

Elgin marbles 203

Burns, Robert 140, 359

Canterbury, province of Church of

Harleian collection 239

Burton, Sir Richard 140

England 108, 147, 171

British Museum Act (1753) 134

Bushell’s Case 140

archbishop 108–109, 147, 162,

British North American Act (1867)

Bute, John Stuart, third earl of (prime

337

146, 148, 294

minister) 140, 232, 318, 322, 416

Bancroft, Richard, archbishop

British South Africa Company 356

Butler. See Ormonde, dukes and

118

Briton, journal 322

earls of

cathedral 150

Britons 4, 5, 133, 368

Butler, Josephine 140, 385

“Capability” Brown 135

“Brittany” 231

Butler, R. A., 192

Cape Colony 147, 269, 329, 356,

Britten, Benjamin 135

Butler of Saffron Walden, Richard

381, 397

Bronowski, Jacob 135

Austen Butler, baron 140–141

capital punishment 147

Brontë family 135

Education Act 88, 141, 198

abolition of (1965) 89, 147

Brougham, Henry Peter 135, 303,

Butt, Isaac 141, 264–265

“Captain Kidd” 276

351, 377

by-election 141

Cardigan, James Thomas Brudenell,

Brown, Lancelot (“Capability” Brown)

Byng, John 141

seventh earl of 147, 179

135

Byron, George Gordon Noel (Lord

Cardinal Wolsey. See Wolsey,

Browne, Robert 136, 169

Byron) 141, 246, 359

Thomas, Cardinal

Brownies 227

C

Cardwell, Edward 147

Browning, Robert 136

Carlyle, Thomas 147–148

Bruce, Robert 8, 368

cabinet 87, 142, 171, 173, 238, 248,

Carnarvon, Henry Howard

Brunel, Isambard Kingdom 136

250, 290, 335, 338, 346, 406

Molyneux Herbert, fourth earl of

Brussels, Treaty of (1972) 92

Cabot, John 142, 146, 318

148

Bryce, James 136

Cade’s Rebellion (1450) 14, 142–143,

Caroline of Brunswick 148, 209,

B.S.E. (bovine spongiform encepha-

300

225

lopathy) (“mad cow disease”) 136

Cadwallader 5

Carroll, Lewis 148

bubonic plague (Black Death) 8, 49,

Cairns, Hugh 143

Carson, Sir Edward 148, 263

125, 337, 372

Calais, 143, 253, 385

Carte, Richard D’Oyly 148–149

Buchan, John (baron Tweedsmuir)

Calcutta 122, 143, 165, 257, 318

Carthusian monks 24

136–137

Callaghan, James (prime minister)

Cartwright, John 149, 351

Buchanan, George 137, 268

143

Cartwright, Thomas 149

Buckingham, George Villiers, fourth

Calvin’s Case 34

Casement, Sir Roger 149

duke of 137, 156, 247, 348

Cambridge University 87, 89,

castle 149

Buckingham Palace 137, 204, 315,

144–145, 191, 332, 403

Castlereagh, Robert Stewart, second

418

Camden, William 145

viscount 146, 149–150

budget 137, 249, 288, 398

Cameron, Richard 145

Catesby, Robert 234

Buller, Redvers 137

“Cameronians” 145

cathedral 150

Bunker Hill, Battle of (1775) 137,

Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament

Catherine of Aragon (queen) 16, 20,

165, 251

(CND) 145, 363

23, 128, 150, 162, 178, 242, 243,

Bunyan, John 137–138

Campbell family 145

302, 311, 354, 356, 387, 419

Burdett, Sir Francis 138

Campion, Edmund 145

Catherine the Great 411

bureaucracy in government (latter

Canada 146. See also specific provinces

Catholic Association 150–151

20th century) 86–87

autonomy of provinces (mid-

Catholic emancipation (1829) 150,

Burgess, Anthony 138

1800s) 58, 65, 83, 192

151, 190, 225, 230, 327, 352, 354,

burgesses 138, 308, 335

Charter of Rights and Freedoms

360, 373, 393, 412

burgh 138, 176, 335

146

Catholicism. See Roman church

530 Great Britain

Catholic Relief Act (1829) 151

Chartist movement 54, 158, 220,

Cinque Ports 162–163

Cato Street Conspiracy (1820) 148,

230, 291, 304, 314, 326, 328, 341,

“circulating schools” 199

151

359, 369

circumnavigation of globe, Anson’s

Cavalier Parliament 39, 151, 157

Chatham, first earl of. See Pitt,

107, 251

“cavaliers” 361

William

Cistercians 309

Cavell, Edith 151

chemical and biological weapons

Civilisation on BBC television 165

Cavendish, Lord Frederick Charles

190

civil law 163, 169, 284

151–152, 217, 277

Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stan-

civil service 86–87, 163, 335, 342,

Cavendish, Henry 152

hope, fourth earl of 158–159

359

Cavendish, Thomas 152

Chiang Kai-shek 423

Civil Service Commission (1955) 163

Caxton, William 152

Chichester, Sir Arthur 159

Civil War (1642–50) 157, 163–164

Cecil, Sir Robert 152, 369

Child, Josiah 159

army, effect on 110

Cecil, William, Lord Salisbury 27,

Childers, Robert Erskine 159

map (1642–43) 496

369

China

monarchy, effect on 308

Celts 3, 4, 5, 152–153, 260–261

imperial action in 68

origins (1603–42) 33–37, 125

census 153, 167

People’s Republic of China, Hong

revolution and (1642–59) 37–38

Census Act (1800) 153

Kong returned to (1997) 247

Claim of Right (Scotland) 42, 164

central criminal court (Old Bailey)

Chippendale, Thomas 159

clan 164, 176, 228, 245, 282, 407

318, 328

chivalry 5, 159, 279

Clapham Sect 164, 415

Ceylon 153, 383

Cholera outbreak (1832) 55

Clarendon, Edward Hyde 39,

Chadwick, Edwin 153

Christian Socialist movement (mid-

164–165

Chalmers, Thomas 153, 191, 219

1900s) 245, 277, 379

Clarendon Code 39, 157, 165, 367,

Chamberlain, (Arthur) Neville

chronological history of Great

394

(prime minister) 78, 108,

Britain 431–487

Clark, Kenneth Mackenzie 165

154–155, 160, 192, 197, 236, 406,

“church army” 366

Clarkson, Thomas 165, 351

423

Churchill, John. See Marlborough,

“class society” 89

Chamberlain, Joseph 63, 64, 154,

John Churchill, duke of

Clemenceau, Georges 76

155, 256, 269, 287

Churchill, Lord Randolph Henry

Clinton, Sir Henry 165

Chamberlain, (Joseph) Austen 155

Spencer 159

Clive, Robert 122, 165, 371

chancellor of the exchequer 137,

Churchill, Sir Winston (prime mini-

Cliveden 112, 166

143, 154, 155, 159, 160, 398

ster) 71–72, 77, 79, 80–82, 84, 102,

Clontarf, Battle of (1014) 261

Downing Street (No. 11) 193

113, 160–161, 161, 214, 222, 236,

CND. See Campaign for Nuclear

Chancery, Court of 26, 155, 169,

285, 378, 423, 426

Disarmament

175, 244, 250, 273, 290, 302, 324

Church of England 161–162

Cnut, king of Denmark 4, 307

Channel Islands 155–156

Anglican faith 106

coal mining, post–World War I

courts of law 177

archbishop 108–109

76–77

“charge of the light brigade” 147,

Book of Common Prayer 24, 129,

Cobbett, William 166, 238

179

162, 165, 178, 414

Cobden, Richard 166, 298, 351

Charity Commission 135

creation of 20

Cobden-Chevalier Treaty 166

charity schools 156, 198, 379, 389

doctrine statement. See Thirty-

Cobdenite liberalism 64

Charles, prince of Wales 85, 158,

nine Articles of Faith (1563)

Cockburn, Henry 166

188, 204

Elizabeth I and 22, 29, 32

Coercion Act 152

Charles I (king) 33, 35–38, 137,

Glorious Revolution, effect of

Coke, Sir Edward 166

156–157, 180, 192, 206, 217, 237,

41–44

Coke, Thomas 49, 166–167

240, 247, 276, 283, 286, 319,

liturgy and doctrine, legislation

Colchester, Charles Abbot, first

320–321, 340, 361, 374, 379

establishing. See uniformity, acts

baron 167

execution of 33, 38, 157, 213,

of

cold war 90–91

260, 324

move away from Catholicism 22

Coleridge, Samuel Taylor 167, 359,

Charles II (king) 38–41, 132, 142,

reformation of 23–25, 106

381

151, 157–158, 260, 326, 339, 344,

Church of Ireland 24–25, 162

Colet, John 167, 355

355, 364

Church of Scotland 24–25, 44, 162,

College of Justice 371

Charles V (Holy Roman Emperor)

208

Collins, Michael 167

21

disruption 153, 191, 219

Colonial Land and Emigration

Charles VII (king of France) 13, 242

General Assembly 223

Commission 61

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