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Index 537 |
royal supremacy 24, 162, 208, |
House of Commons 87, 100, 142, |
imperial conference 255 |
243, 343, 354, 356, 362 |
169, 223, 248–249, 249, 308, 335. |
Conference of 1926 192, 255 |
wives 20, 128–129, 150, 178, |
See also Parliament |
Imperial Defense, Committee of |
243, 337, 371–372, 419 |
backbencher 116 |
238, 255 |
heptarchy 4 |
baronet 119 |
imperialism 255–256. See also |
hierarchy of society (16th century) |
by-election 141 |
British Empire, the |
96 |
size 250 |
beginnings of 55 |
High Commission, ecclesiastical |
Speaker of the House 248, 382 |
challenge to 65–68 |
courts of 168, 197, 244, 356 |
House of Lords 38, 69–70, 86, 100, |
decline and devolution since 1945 |
High Court of Justice 143, 169, 244, |
126, 143, 175, 201, 249, 250–251, |
83–96, 134 |
273, 277, 290 |
335. See also Parliament |
governing class, effect on 69 |
High Court of Justiciary 175, 244, |
Judicial Committee 250–251, |
government’s management role |
371 |
273, 346 |
57 |
higher education, expansion of 89 |
lord chancellor 155, 175, 232, |
growth of 56–58 |
Highland clearances 164, 180, 244, |
251, 290, 291, 302, 382 |
height of power (19th century) |
245 |
peerage 338 |
62–65 |
Highlands and Islands Emigration |
proposed abolishment of 250, 338 |
monarchy 308 |
Society (Australia) 61 |
size 251 |
new imperialism 64 |
Highlands of Scotland 164, |
Howard, Catherine (queen) 20, 243, |
two-power standard 62 |
244–245, 282 |
251, 321 |
imperial preference scheme 154, |
Hill, Octavia 245, 316 |
Howard, Charles. See Nottingham, |
155, 256, 392 |
Hill, Sir Rowland 245 |
Charles Howard |
imports and exports |
Hillary, Sir Edmund 245 |
Howard, John 251 |
customs and excise 182 |
Hiroshima, dropping atomic bomb |
Howard, William 251 |
in 19th century 60, 166 |
on 80, 423 |
Howe, Richard 251 |
in 20th century 91 |
The History of the Kings of Britain (His- |
Howe, William 251–252 |
in 21st century 96 |
toria Regum Britanniae) by Geof- |
Hudson, Henry 324 |
Impress Service 345 |
frey of Monmouth 5 |
Hudson’s Bay Company 146 |
Inchiquin, Murrough O’Brien, earl |
Hitchcock, Alfred 245–246, 328 |
Human Rights Act (1998) 96, 124 |
of 256 |
Hitler, Adolf 77–80, 108, 154–155, |
quasi-bill of rights 96, 124 |
income tax 256 |
160, 422–423 |
Hume, David 208, 252 |
Independence, Wars of (Scotland/ |
Hoadly, Benjamin 246 |
Hume, Joseph 168, 252, 351 |
1308–28) 368 |
Hoare-Laval Pact (1935) 393 |
Humphrey, duke of Gloucester. See |
Independent Broadcasting Authority |
Hobbes, Thomas 246 |
Gloucester, Humphrey, duke of |
352 |
Hobhouse, John Cam 246 |
Hundred Years’ War 8, 121, 206, |
Independent Labour Party (ILP) |
Hobson, John Atkinson 246 |
242, 252–253, 299, 426–427 |
256–257, 293, 333, 378, 379. See |
Hogarth, William 246–247 |
Hunt, Henry 253, 339, 351, 382 |
also Labour Party |
Hogarth Press 420 |
Huskisson, William 253 |
Independent Parliament (1653) |
Holinshed, Raphael 247 |
Huxley, Aldous 253 |
169, 180 |
Holland, Henry Fox 247 |
Huxley, T(homas) H(enry) 253–254 |
independents 191, 256, 321 |
Holles, Denzil, baron 247 |
Hyndman, Henry 254, 300 |
Independent Television Authority |
Holyoake, George 359 |
I |
165 |
Holy Roman Emperor 6 |
India, colonial 56, 57–58, 65, 207, |
|
Home Office 143, 247, 343, 369 |
Idi Amin Dada 401 |
257–258 |
Home Rule in Ireland. See Irish |
immigration 255, 312, 319 |
Amritsar massacre (1919) 105, |
Home Rule |
from former colonies (latter 20th |
222, 258 |
Home Rule League (1873) 265 |
century) 88 |
British army in 62 |
Hong Kong 247, 329 |
under home secretary 247 |
Calcutta. See Calcutta |
Hood, Samuel 248 |
industrial revolution, effect on |
culture 258 |
Hooke, Robert 248 |
259 |
decline of British rule 90, 91 |
Hooker, Richard 248 |
impeachment 137, 250, 255, 304, |
Gandhi, Mohandas K. 222, 236, |
“Hotspur.” See Percy, Sir Henry |
348, 365, 371, 389, 404, 408 |
258, 317 |
538 Great Britain
India, colonial (continued) |
Intermediate Education Act (1878) |
IRA. See Irish Republican Army |
Kipling, Rudyard 278 |
200 |
(IRA) |
mutiny. See Indian Mutiny |
international disarmament. See dis- |
IRB. See Irish Republican Brother- |
(1857–58) |
armament |
hood |
nabob 314 |
International Monetary Fund 276 |
landholding in 265, 282 |
nationalism. See Indian national- |
international trade of 18th-century |
law and legal issues 284 |
ism |
Britain 50 |
medieval Ireland 261–262 |
Nehru, Jawaharlal 317 |
International Working Men’s Associ- |
modern Ireland 262–263 |
New Delhi 318 |
ation (1864–72) 300 |
monasticism 309 |
opium trade. See opium trade in |
interregnum 246, 260, 387 |
Parliament 231, 336, 359 |
India; Opium Wars |
Intolerable Acts (1774) 130, 260, |
Parnell. See Parnell, Charles |
politics 257 |
349 |
peerage 338 |
trade 257 |
the “Invincibles” 151, 263 |
provisional government (1919) |
uprisings against British rule |
IRA. See Irish Republican Army |
76 |
65–66, 66, 68 |
IRB. See Irish Republican Brother- |
Royal Irish Constabulary 125, |
viceroy 182, 312, 352, 405, 411 |
hood |
362 |
Victoria, “Empress of India” 207, |
Ireland 260–264. See also Dáil Éire- |
Sinn Féin. See Sinn Féin |
257, 405 |
ann; Dublin; Government of Ire- |
“surrender and regrant” 365 |
India Board 246 |
land Act; Irish Republic; Northern |
Union, Acts of 402 |
Indian Mutiny (1857–58) 183, 258, |
Ireland; Pale; Ulster |
viceroy 291, 342, 405 |
358, 363 |
Act of Union (1801) 162, 173, |
Whiteboys 414–415 |
Indian nationalism 90, 91, 105, 258, |
250, 262, 327, 336, 344 |
Ireton, Henry 264 |
317 |
Anglo-Irish Treaty. See Anglo- |
Irish Celtic church 4, 5, 309 |
“indirect rule” 292 |
Irish Treaty (1921) |
Irish Famine 61, 173, 262, 264, 327 |
indulgence, declaration of. See decla- |
Celtic Ireland 260–261 |
Irish Free State (1921) 76, 106, 167, |
rations of indulgence |
Church of England and 24–25 |
176, 183, 221, 233, 263, 264, 328, |
industrial power in 1800s 58–60 |
Church of Ireland 24–25, 162 |
376, 402 |
competition, rise of 60–61 |
civil war and unrest, latter 20th- |
Irish Gaelic Bible 124 |
Luddites 291 |
century 94, 95 |
Irish Home Rule 69, 94, 106, 112, |
industrial power in post-1945 years, |
“conquest” of 261–262 |
148, 177, 182, 185, 201, 227, 230, |
diminishment 93 |
courts of law 176–177, 197, 262 |
240, 263, 265, 284, 287, 298, 330, |
industrial revolution (18th century) |
Cromwell-led invasions |
336–337, 352, 366, 402, 427 |
50–52, 259 |
(1650–51) 38 |
Irish Land Acts 185, 263, 282, 401 |
innovations of early 1800s 51 |
diaspora in 19th century 61–62 |
Irish Land League 189, 326 |
Watt, James 410 |
dynamite war 195, 382 |
Irish Question 227 |
industry, nationalization of (late |
early history 206–207 |
Irish Rebellion (1798) 173, 402, 403 |
20th century) 86 |
early Irish resistance 6–7, 8 |
Irish Republic 94–95, 188, 212, 264, |
injunction 259–260 |
early modern Ireland 262 |
265, 329, 369, 391 |
Inns of Court 176, 260, 306, 324 |
Easter Rebellion. See Easter Re- |
Irish Republican Army (IRA) 94, |
inquest 260 |
bellion (1916) |
106, 127, 264, 265–266, 312, 323, |
Inquiry into the Causes of the Wealth of |
education 199–200 |
376 |
Nations (1776) by Adam Smith 50 |
English Reformation, effect of |
Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) |
insane asylum (“Bedlam”) 121 |
24–25, 28 |
196, 337 |
Instrument of Government (1653) |
famine in. See Irish Famine |
Irish Socialist Federation 170 |
260, 281 |
15th-century struggles with |
Irish terrorism 382. See also Irish Re- |
intellectual development |
England 11 |
publican Army (IRA) |
Enlightenment 46–48 |
Gaelic 153, 221 |
Irish Transport and General Workers’ |
in 15th-century Britain 18 |
Glorious Revolution, effect of |
Union 170, 282 |
intelligence services and spies 90, 113 |
42–43 |
Irish Volunteers 149, 265, 352. See |
Blunt, Anthony 128 |
Grattan’s Parliament 231, 336, |
also Irish Republican Brotherhood |
defectors 306 |
359 |
Iron Age 3 |
MI 5 305–306, 382 |
history 206, 260–264 |
Isle of Man 266 |
MI 6 306 |
Home Rule. See Irish Home Rule |
courts of law 177 |
|
|
Index 539 |
isolation of early 20th-century |
Johnson, Samuel 130, 158, 207, |
kings. See monarchy; specific kings |
Britain 69–71 |
222, 271, 271–272, 311, 356, 414 |
King’s Bench, Court of 169, 175, |
Italy |
Johnston, Archibald 272 |
244, 273, 277, 290 |
Council of Four 75 |
Jones, Inigo 272 |
king’s evil (scrofula) 277 |
Fascist movement (1922) 77 |
Jones, William 272 |
king’s friends 277 |
Mussolini. See Mussolini, Benito |
Jonson, Ben 272, 342 |
Kingsley, Charles 277–278, 351, 379 |
pre–World War II actions 78–79 |
Jowett, Benjamin 272, 306 |
Kinsale, Battle of (1601) 278 |
Triple Alliance (1882) 70 |
Joyce, James 272 |
Kipling, Rudyard 258, 278 |
J |
JPs. See justices of the peace |
Kitchener, Horatio Herbert, first earl |
jubilee |
182, 276, 278, 278, 388 |
|
Jacobites 44, 45, 52, 115, 145, 164, |
Queen Elizabeth II 273 |
knights and knighthood 18, 223, |
181, 208, 224, 228, 245, 267, 277, |
Queen Victoria 255, 272–273, |
278–279, 308, 335, 383 |
282, 298, 299, 313, 330, 332, 338, |
405 |
Knox, John 279, 418 |
357, 370, 384, 404, 407 |
Judicature Act (1873) 227, 244, 273 |
L |
Jamaica 122, 267, 311, 359, 413 |
Judicial Committee 250–251, 273, |
|
worker rebellions in 66 |
346 |
Labour Exchanges Act (1909) 124 |
James I (king). See James VI and I |
Julius Caesar 3 |
Labour Party 84, 92, 170, 239, 280, |
(king of Scots and king of England) |
Junius 273, 298 |
287, 379 |
James II (king). See James VII and II |
jury 273 |
Attlee, Clement 81, 84 |
(king of Scots and king of England) |
Justice, High Court of. See High |
Blair, Anthony 85, 126, 250 |
James III (king of Scots) 43, 267, 269 |
Court of Justice |
comprehensive school, introduc- |
James IV (king of Scots) 16, 28, 29, |
justices of the peace (JPs) 173, 174, |
tion of 89 |
198, 215, 267–268 |
175, 223, 273–274, 291, 295, 340, |
first majority Labour government |
James V (king of Scots) 22, 28, 268 |
343, 349, 374, 383, 409–410 |
(1929) 77, 83–84 |
James VI and I (king of Scots and king |
Speenhamland system 382–383 |
formation of 63, 70, 241, 257 |
of England) 18, 23, 29, 33–35, 35, |
Justiciary, High Court of. See High |
nationalization, position on 316 |
99, 184, 204, 267, 268–269, 301, |
Court of Justiciary |
post-1945 status 84–85 |
354, 364, 368 |
Jutland, Battle of (1916) 71, 274, |
post–World War I emergence 76 |
James VII and II (king of Scots, and |
422 |
post–World War II elections 81, |
king of England) 33, 41–42, |
K |
423–424 |
209–210, 269, 299, 344, 364, |
“revolution” of 1945 (first land- |
|
371, 395 |
Kames, Henry Home 275 |
slide victory) 83–84 |
Jameson Raid (1895) 130, 268, 356 |
Kay, John 275 |
trade unions 396 |
Japan |
Kay-Shuttleworth, Sir James 198, |
welfare doctrine 88 |
pre–World War II actions 78–79 |
275 |
Labour Representation Committee |
Russian-Japanese War (1905) 70 |
Keats, John 275, 359 |
254, 257, 280, 396 |
World War II 82 |
Kenya 276 |
Lady Jane Grey. See Grey, Lady Jane |
Jarrow March (1936) 269–270 |
Keppel, Augustus Keppel 276 |
Lahore Conference (1940) 271 |
Jefferson, Thomas 185 |
Keynes, John Maynard 127, 276 |
laissez faire economics 51, 63, 246, |
Jeffrey, Francis, Lord 270, 377 |
Khartoum 67, 180, 229, 276, 419 |
281, 297 |
Jeffreys of Wem (George Jeffreys) |
Khilafat movement 271 |
Lambert, John 281 |
127, 270, 310 |
Kidd, William 276 |
Lancaster, house of (red rose) 14, |
Jellicoe, John Rushworth 270, 274 |
Kilkenny, Confederation of 276 |
15, 281, 360 |
Jenkins’ Ear, War of (1739–48) 270, |
Kilkenny, Statutes of (1366) 261, |
genealogy 506 |
408 |
277 |
Lancaster, Joseph 198 |
Jenner, Edward 270–271, 404 |
Killiecrankie, Battle of (1689) 44, |
land 281–282 |
Jervis, John, earl St. Vincent 271 |
194, 267, 277 |
copyhold 172, 219, 281 |
Jesuits 145, 271, 354 |
Kilmainham Treaty 151, 277 |
enclosure (medieval system of |
Jinnah, Mohammed Ali 271 |
King, Gregory 48, 277 |
distribution) 205–206 |
Joan of Arc 13, 242, 253 |
King James Version (1611) of Bible |
feudalism (medieval system of |
John, king 6–7, 7, 9, 295 |
124, 207, 237 |
land tenure) 212 |
John of Gaunt 9, 10, 12, 15, |
“kingmaker, the.” See Warwick, |
freehold 172, 219, 281, 426 |
120–121, 242, 281, 357, 398 |
Richard Neville, earl of |
gavelkind 222–223 |
540 Great Britain
land (continued) |
leasehold 281 |
Livingstone, Ken 290 |
Highland clearances 164, 180, |
Leicester, Robert Dudley, earl of |
Lloyd George, David (prime minis- |
244, 245 |
285–286 |
ter) 72–74, 76, 112, 284, 287, |
landholding in Ireland 265, 329 |
Leigh, Vivien 328 |
288–289, 289 |
leasehold 281 |
lend-lease 82, 286, 423 |
Local Government Act of 1888 173, |
Land Act (1881) 265 |
Lend-Lease Act (1941) 80, 160, 286 |
174 |
land mines, banning of 190 |
Lennox, Esmé Stuart, duke of 286, |
Locke, John 46, 47, 289 |
language. See English language; |
364 |
Lollards 9, 124, 187, 289, 425 |
Gaelic |
Leo X (pope) 186 |
London, history of 289–290 |
Lansbury, George 282 |
Leslie, Alexander 286, 300 |
London, Treaty of (1913) 70 |
Lansdowne, Henry Petty-Fitzmau- |
Lesotho 286 |
London Blitz 79, 102, 103, 127, 133, |
rice, marquis of 282 |
letter of marque 346 |
160, 361, 423 |
Larkin, James 282–283 |
Levant Company 286 |
London Corresponding Society 209, |
Laski, Harold 283 |
Levellers 37, 180, 286 |
341 |
Latern Council (1215) 273 |
Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes 246 |
London dock strike (1889) 140 |
Latimer, Hugh 283, 357 |
Lewis, Richard (Dic Penderyn) 305 |
London Fire. See Fire of London |
latitudinarian 283 |
Liberal Democrats 84 |
(1966) |
Laud, William (archbishop of Can- |
Liberal Party 63, 64, 69, 84, 249, |
London School of Economics 236, |
terbury) 156, 240, 283, 332, 347 |
256, 286–287, 414 |
283 |
Lauderdale, John Maitland 283 |
Asquith, Herbert 71, 76, |
London Transport 86 |
Law, Andrew Bonar (prime minis- |
111–112, 287 |
London Workingmen’s Association |
ter) 284 |
Churchill, Winston 71, 160–161 |
(1836) 54, 158, 291 |
Law, John 284 |
Gladstone, William Ewart 227, |
longitude, measurement of 240 |
Law, William 284 |
287 |
Long Parliament 156, 290, 319, 362 |
law and legal issues 283–284. See |
Lloyd George, David 72–73, 76, |
lord advocate 290 |
also courts of law |
287, 288–289, 422 |
lord chancellor 155, 175, 232, 251, |
bail 117 |
Palmerston, Henry Temple 63, |
290, 291, 302, 382 |
canons (church law) 169, 284 |
334 |
lord chief justice 290 |
civil law 163, 169, 284 |
Samuel, Herbert Louis 366 |
lord lieutenant 173, 290–291 |
common law 168–169, 206, |
World War I, effect on 422 |
“lord of the manor” 298 |
283–284. See also common law |
Liberal Unionists 170, 240, 282, |
Lords Appellant 10 |
court party 174 |
287, 337, 366 |
lordship, 14th-century ideas of |
criminal law 179, 284 |
Liberick, Treaty of (1691) 287 |
11–14 |
custom 283 |
“Lib-Labs” 256 |
Lords of the Articles 335 |
habeas corpus 235, 341, 370 |
Licensing Act (1695) 48 |
lords of the congregation 291 |
Maitland Frederic William 296 |
Lilburne, John 37, 286, 287 |
lorry 291, 352 |
martial law 300, 340, 341 |
limited liability 287–288 |
Louis XIV (king of France) 40, 42, |
military law 300 |
Linacre, Thomas 355 |
43, 269, 364 |
oyer and terminer 168, 332 |
Lister, Joseph 288 |
Lovett, William 158, 291, 351 |
poor law. See poor law |
Literary Club 272, 356 |
Luddites 291 |
Romilly, Sir Samuel 359–360 |
literature. See also specific authors and |
Ludendorff, General 74 |
statute law 168, 284, 346, 385 |
poets |
Ludlow, Edmund 291 |
women’s status 419–420 |
copyright 172 |
Luftwaffe 78, 351 |
Lawn Tennis Championship (Wim- |
Enlightenment 208 |
Lugard, Frederick John Dealtry, first |
bledon). See Wimbledon |
Shakespeare, William, literary ge- |
baron 291–292 |
Lawrence, D(avid) H(erbert) 285 |
nius and impact of 372–373 |
Luther, Martin 23 |
Lawrence, T(homas) E(dward) |
in 16th-century Britain 31–32 |
M |
(“Lawrence of Arabia”) 285 |
in 20th-century Britain 89 |
|
League of Nations 74, 77, 160, 189, |
in 21st-century Britain 96 |
Macadam, John 293, 358 |
241, 285, 292, 334, 422, 424 |
“Little Britain” 231 |
MacAlpin, Kenneth 367, 368 |
League of Nations Union (1918) 233 |
Liverpool, Robert Jenkinson, earl of |
Macaulay, Thomas Babington 57, |
“league table” of European states 92 |
(prime minister) 288 |
258, 293 |
Leakey, Louis 229 |
Livingstone, David 288, 385 |
Macbeth 5 |