Файл: Кочуров Геоэкология - экодиагностика и эколого-хозяйственный анализ территории.pdf

ВУЗ: Не указан

Категория: Не указан

Дисциплина: Не указана

Добавлен: 26.05.2019

Просмотров: 2384

Скачиваний: 5

ВНИМАНИЕ! Если данный файл нарушает Ваши авторские права, то обязательно сообщите нам.
background image

 

 

 

kieZ\Z mkh\_jr_gkl\h\Zgb_ ]b^jhl_ogbq_kdbo kbkl_f Z lZd`_ kh\_jr_gkl\h

\Zgb_ kljmdlmju bkihevah\Zgby l_jjblhjbb ]^_ a_feb ijbjh^hhojZggh]h b

j_dj_Zpbhggh]hgZagZq_gbyZlZd`_hohlgbqv_]hohayckl\Zbk[hjZ^bdhjhkh\

bf_xlijbhjbl_lgh_agZq_gb_ 

 
 

<hijhkudijZdlbdmfm 

 

1. 

QlhlZdh_ijh]ghawdheh]bq_kdhckblmZpbb" 

2. 

DZdb_ ihbkdh\u_ nmgdpbb \dexqZ_l ijh]ghabjh\Zgb_ wdheh]bq_kdbo

kblmZpbc" 

3. 

GZah\bl_lbiub\b^uijh]ghah\ 

4. 

BadZdbo[ehdh\khklhbldhfie_dkgZykbkl_fZijh]ghabjh\Zgbywdh

eh]bq_kdbokblmZpbc" 

5. 

Ijh]ghklbq_kdb_ fh^meb b f_lh^u ijh]ghabjh\Zgby wdheh]bq_kdbo

kblmZpbc 

6. 

Wdki_jlgu_hp_gdb\ijh]ghabjh\Zgbbwdheh]bq_kdbokblmZpbc 

7. 

Ijh]gha baf_g_gby hkljuo wdheh]bq_kdbo kblmZpbc gZ l_jjblhjbb

Jhkkbbbkhij_^_evguo]hkm^Zjkl\^h]ijbjZaebqguokp_gZjb

yo 

8. 

Ihbkdh\u_ijh]ghauijbbaf_g_gbbkhpbZevgh-wdhghfbq_kdhch[klZ

gh\db\kljZg_ 

9. 

GhjfZlb\gucijh]ghawdheh]bq_kdhckblmZpbb 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


background image

 

 

 

Q:KLVII. WDHEH=H-OHAYCKL<?GGUC;:E:GKL?JJBLHJBB

 

H;SB?IHEH@?GBY 

 

GZjm[_`_OXb;;,\_dh\gZaj_eZhkljZyg_h[oh^bfhklv\kf_g_iZjZ

^b]ful_hjbbfh^_ebdhj_ggufh[jZahff_gyxs_coZjZdl_j\aZbfhhlghr_

gbyh[s_kl\Zbijbjh^uJ_rZxsbfklZgh\blkyi_j_hjb_glbjh\Zgb_jZa\blby

h[s_kl\Z k imlb wdkl_gkb\gh]h bkihevah\Zgby ijbjh^guo j_kmjkh\ gZ imlv

kha^Zgby mklhcqb\hc kbkl_fZ ijbjh^hihevah\Zgby dhlhjZy h[_ki_qb\Zy ih

lj_[ghklbgZk_e_gbyfZl_jbZevgu_^moh\gu_b^jh^gh\j_f_gghih^^_j`b

\ZeZ[u_kl_kl\_ggu_kj_^h-bj_kmjkhnhjfbjmxsb_nmgdpbbijbjh^guokbk

l_f < hkgh\_ wlh]h gZijZ\e_gby ^he`_g [ulv i_j_oh^ hl qbklh ihlj_[bl_ev

kdh]hhlghr_gbydijbjh^_db^__hlghr_gbyh[s_kl\Zbijbjh^udZdhlghr_

gbyjZ\_gkl\Zkhbaf_jbfh]hihk\h_fmihl_gpbZem 

BgnhjfZpbhgghc hkgh\hc ^ey hij_^_e_gby wdheh]bq_kdbo ijh[e_f

ijZ\bevgh]hboj_r_gbyZlZd`_^eyjZajZ[hldbwdheh]bq_kdhciheblbdbkem

`Zl wdheh]bq_kdZy hp_gdZ b dZjlh]jZnbjh\Zgb_ l_jjblhjbb \dexqZxsb_ oZ

jZdl_jbklbdbijbjh^uohayckl\ZkhpbmfZba^hjh\vyq_eh\_dZ 

< p_ehf djbl_jbb b ihdZaZl_eb wdheh]bq_kdhc hp_gdb \ kbkl_f_

\aZbfhk\yab ijbjh^u b h[s_kl\Z ^he`gu oZjZdl_jbah\Zlv k h^ghc klhjhgu

g_]Zlb\gu_baf_g_gby\l_odhfihg_glZoeZg^rZnlZkj_^uh[blZgbydhlhju_

ijyfh \ebyxl gZ a^hjh\v_ q_eh\_dZ aZ]jyag_gb_ \ha^moZ \h^u b ihq\ b k

^jm]hc klhjhgu j_Zdpbx q_eh\_dZ gZ mom^r_gb_ ijbjh^ghc kj_^u h[blZgby

\ujZ`Zxsmxky\baf_g_gbba^hjh\vyq_eh\_dZlZ[e 

< j_amevlZl_ g_jZamfghc ohayckl\_gghc ^_yl_evghklb gZ l_jjblhjbb

fgh]boj_]bhgh\kljZguijhbahreb]em[hdb_Z\g_dhlhjuokemqZyokeZ[hh[

jZlbfu_ b g_h[jZlbfu_ baf_g_gby ijbjh^ghc kj_^u bf_xsb_ ke_^kl\b_f

kms_kl\_ggh_ mom^r_gb_ a^hjh\vy gZk_e_gby b bklhs_gb_ ijbjh^gh-

j_kmjkgh]h ihl_gpbZeZ b ij_iylkl\mxsb_ ^Zevg_cr_fm khpbZevgh-

wdhghfbq_kdhfmjZa\blbxKiZ^ijhba\h^kl\ZgZ^jm]bol_jjblhjbyoijb\_ed

aZimkl_gbxbjZkiZ^m 

Ha^hjh\e_gb_ wdheh]bq_kdb g_[eZ]hihemqguo jZchgh\ b \hajh`^_gb_

^_ij_kkb\guo l_jjblhjbc k ihfhsvx ljZ^bpbhgguo ih^oh^h\ kh\j_f_ggh]h

bg^mkljbZevgh]h h[s_kl\Z ij_^iheZ]Z_l [hevrb_ hj]ZgbaZpbhggu_ fZl_jb

Zevgu_bnbgZgkh\u_mkbebybhgbg_bf_xli_jki_dlb\ugZmki_oLj_[mxlky

ijbgpbibZevgh gh\u_ ih^oh^u bggh\Zpbhggu_ ijhp_kku gZijZ\e_ggu_ gZ

hj]ZgbaZpbx ihklbg^mkljbZevgh]h wdheh]bq_kdb kh\f_klbfh]h b [_ahiZkgh]h

h[s_kl\Z H^gbf ba lZdbo ih^oh^h\ y\ey_lky dhgp_ipby wdheh]h-

ohayckl\_ggh]h [ZeZgkZ l_jjblhjbb dhlhjZy mklZgZ\eb\Z_l b ih^^_j`b\Z_l

f_`^m ijbjh^hc b ohayckl\_gghc ^_yl_evghklvx q_eh\_dZ ]Zjfhgbqgu_ hlgh

r_gby 

Wlhij_^iheZ]Z_lkha^Zgb_gh\uoijhkljZgkl\_gguonhjfijbjh^hihev

ah\Zgby-wdheh]bq_kdbokljmdlmjmklhcqb\h]hjZa\blbywdhihebkh\l_oghwdh

ihebkh\ wdheh]h-wdhghfbq_kdbo ahg b li ]^_ l_ogh]_ggu_ h[jZah\Zgby

\kljZb\Zxlky \ ijbjh^gu_ kbkl_fu b h[jZamxl mklhcqb\uc b k[ZeZgkbjh\Zg

guckbf[bha- ]_hwdhkhpbhkbkl_fm. 

Nhjfbjh\Zgb_ ]_hwdhkhpbhkbkl_f ^hklb]Z_lky aZ kq_l eZg^rZnlgh]h

ieZgbjh\Zgby b wdheh]h-ohayckl\_ggh]h mkljhckl\Z l_jjblhjbb iha\heyxsb_

dhgp_ilmZevgu_ijbgpbiujZa\blbyj_]bhgh\i_j_g_klb\dhgdj_lgu_ijbhjb

l_lgu_^_ckl\byijh]jZffubijh_dlu 

 


background image

 

 

 

<hijhkudijZdlbdmfm 

 

1. 

K q_f k\yaZgZ kf_gZ iZjZ^b]fu l_hjbb b fh^_eb \h \aZbfhhl

ghr_gbbh[s_kl\Zbijbjh^u" 

2. 

IhdZdbfdjbl_jbyfbihdZaZl_eyfhij_^_ey_lkykbkl_fZ\aZb

fhhlghr_gbch[s_kl\Zbijbjh^u" 

3. 

Dhgp_ipbywdheh]h-ohayckl\_ggh]h[ZeZgkZl_jjblhjbbbmklhc

qb\h_jZa\blb_l_jjblhjbb 

 
 

L?JJBLHJB:EVGUC;:E:GKKBKL?F:IHD:A:L?E?C 

 

Ijh^he`Zxs__kymom^r_gb_khklhygbyhdjm`Zxs_ckj_^u>_]jZ^Zpby

ijbjh^guokbkl_f`bag_h[_ki_q_gbyjhklaZ[he_\Z_fhklbgZk_e_gbyg_]Zlb\

gu_ l_g^_gpbb \ wdhghfbq_kdhf jZa\blbb b f_^e_ggu_ hl\_lgu_ ^_ckl\by

hj]Zgh\mijZ\e_gbyijb\h^yldj_ZevghchiZkghklbwdheh]bq_kdh]h[_^kl\by\

JhkkbbGZaj_\Z_lhkljZyg_h[oh^bfhklvi_j_hjb_glbjh\ZlvjZa\blb_kljZguk

imlb wdkl_gkb\gh]h bkihevah\Zgby ijbjh^guo j_kmjkh\ oZjZdl_jgh]h ^ey bg

^mkljbZevgh]h h[s_kl\Z gZ imlv kha^Zgby mklhcqb\hc wdheh]bq_kdb [_ahiZk

ghckbkl_fuijbjh^hihevah\ZgbydhlhjZyh[_ki_qb\Zyihlj_[ghklbgZk_e_gby

[_amf_gvr_gby_]hqbke_gghklbh^gh\j_f_gghih^^_j`b\ZeZ[u_kl_kl\_g

gu_kj_^h-bj_kmjkhnhjfbjmxsb_nmgdpbbijbjh^guokbkl_f<hkgh\_wlh]h

gZijZ\e_gby ^he`_g [ulv i_j_oh^ hl qbklh ihlj_[bl_evkdh]h hlghr_gby d

ijbjh^_ d b^__ hlghr_gby h[s_kl\Z b ijbjh^u dZd hlghr_gby jZ\_gkl\Z

khbaf_jbfh]h ih k\h_fm ihl_gpbZem WlZ b^_y fh`_l [ulv j_Zebah\ZgZ q_j_a

dhgp_ipbx wdheh]h-ohayckl\_ggh]h [ZeZgkZ l_jjblhjbb Dhqmjh\ 

Dhqmjh\B\Zgh\ 

Wdheh]h-ohayckl\_gguc [ZeZgk WO; l_jjblhjbb _klv k[ZeZgkbjh

\Zggh_ khhlghr_gb_ jZaebqguo \b^h\ ^_yl_evghklb b bgl_j_kh\ jZaebqguo

]jmiigZk_e_gbygZl_jjblhjbbkmq_lhfihl_gpbZevguobj_Zevguo\hafh`gh

kl_c ijbjh^u qlh h[_ki_qb\Z_l mklhcqb\h_ jZa\blb_ ijbjh^u b h[s_kl\Z

\hkijhba\h^kl\hijbjh^guo\hah[gh\bfuoj_kmjkh\bg_\uau\Z_lwdheh]b

q_kdb_baf_g_gbybihke_^kl\by 

>hklb`_gb_wdheh]h-ohayckl\_ggh]h[ZeZgkZ\_^_ld]Zjfhgbbq_eh\_dZ

k hdjm`Zxs_c ijbjh^ghc kj_^hc < kZfhf ^_e_ wlb ihgylby l_kgh k\yaZgu

f_`^mkh[hc 

 

=:JFHGBY 

;:E:GK 

kh]eZkh\Zgghklvkljhcghklv\khq_

lZgbb q_]h-gb[m^v gZijbf_j ]Zj

fhgbybgl_j_kh\ 

khhlghr_gb_ \aZbfgh k\yaZgguo

ihdZaZl_e_c dZdhc-gb[m^v ^_yl_evgh

klbgZijbf_j[ZeZgkbgl_j_kh\ 

 
<hij_^_e_gbbwdheh]h-ohayckl\_ggh]h[ZeZgkZhkh[h_\gbfZgb_m^_ey

_lkykhklhygbxijhkljZgkl\Zmkljhckl\mhj]ZgbaZpbbl_jjblhjbb<B<_j

gZ^kdbc (1975,1988) \ k\h_f mq_gbb h [bhkn_j_ hlf_qZe qlh [bhkn_jZ wlh

hj]Zgbah\Zggh_ ijhkljZgkl\h Z \ mq_gbb h ghhkn_j_ jZa\blb_ pb\bebaZpbb

k\yau\Zekhj]Zgbah\Zgghklvxhk\h_gghcq_eh\_dhf[bhkn_ju 

GZ^h iheZ]Zlv qlh wdheh]bq_kdbc djbabk dhgpZ ;; \_dZ - wlh ij_`^_

\k_]h djbabk kljmdlmju ijhkljZgkl\Z __ hj]ZgbaZpbb b khhl\_lkl\by ijbjh^

guobZgljhih]_gguokbkl_f 


background image

 

 

 

=eZ\guf kh^_j`Zgb_f WO; l_jjblhjbb y\ey_lky kh\_jr_gkl\h\Zgb_

kljmdlmju a_fe_ihevah\Zgby b kha^Zgb_ gh\uo kljmdlmj a_fe_ihevah\Zgby gZ

hkgh\_khhl\_lkl\bykljmdlmjguowe_f_glh\eZg^rZnlZb\b^h\bkihevah\Zgby

a_f_evbhjb_glZpbygZihklhyggh_jZkrbj_gb_ijbjh^guokbkl_f`bag_h[_k

i_q_gby q_eh\_dZHkh[mxagZqbfhklvbf__lih\ur_gb_mklhcqb\hklbaZkq_l

mijZ\ey_fhklb kh klhjhgu q_eh\_dZ bgl_gkb\gh bkihevam_fuo eZg^rZnlh\ - 

ijbjh^gh-Zgljhih]_gguo kbkl_f qlh ^hklb]Z_lky khhl\_lkl\b_f gZijZ\e_ggh

klb ijhp_kkh\ ijbjh^guo b khpbZevgh-wdhghfbq_kdbo kbkl_f b ijbf_g_gb_f

wdheh]bq_kdbijb_fe_fuobijbjh^hkh\f_klbfuol_ogheh]bc 

>eyhij_^_e_gbyWO; l_jjblhjbbbkihevamxlky ke_^mxsb_oZjZdl_jb

klbdb jZkij_^_e_gb_ a_f_ev ih bo \b^Zf b dZl_]hjbyf iehsZ^v ijbjh^h

hojZgguol_jjblhjbciehsZ^v a_f_evih\b^Zfbkl_i_gbZgljhih]_gghcgZ

]jmadbgZijy`_gghklvwdheh]h-ohayckl\_ggh]hkhklhygbyWOKl_jjblhjbb

bgl_]jZevgZyZgljhih]_ggZygZ]jmadZ_kl_kl\_ggZyaZsbs_gghklvl_jjblhjbb

wdheh]bq_kdbcnhg^l_jjblhjbbjbk 

<i_j\u_  hp_gdZ  wdheh]h-ohayckl\_ggh]h khklhygby l_jjblhjbb [ueZ

ijh\_^_gZ gZ ijbf_j_ l_jjblhjbb Fhkdh\kdhc h[eZklb b J_kim[ebdb :elZc

B\Zgh\Dhqmjh\Dhqmjh\B\Zgh\ 

LZddZdmijZ\e_gb_ijbjh^gufbb\lhfqbke_a_f_evgufbj_kmjkZfb

hkms_kl\ey_lky\jZfdZoZ^fbgbkljZlb\guo_^bgbpbhl^_evguo_]hih^jZa^_

e_gbca_fe_ihevah\ZgbclhhgbjZkkfZljb\Zxlky\dZq_kl\_h[t_dlZbamq_gby

wdheh]h-ohayckl\_gguo kbkl_f LZdhc ih^oh^ h[e_]qZ_l k[hj bgnhjfZpbb b

ijZdlbq_kdmxj_ZebaZpbxj_amevlZlh\bkke_^h\Zgbc 

:gZebakljmdlmju a_fe_ihevah\Zgbyijh\h^blkygZhkgh\_deZkkbnbdZ

pbhgguo_^bgbpa_f_evgh]hdZ^ZkljZnhjfZklZlbklbq_kdhchlq_lghklb‹

>ey hij_^_e_gby kl_i_gb Zgljhih]_gghc gZ]jmadb :G a_f_ev \\h^ylky wdk

i_jlgu_[Zeevgu_hp_gdbDZ`^uc\b^a_f_evihemqZ_lkhhl\_lkl\mxsbc[Zee

ihke_q_]ha_febh[t_^bgyxlky\h^ghjh^gu_]jmiiuhl:G-fbgbfZevghcgZ

a_feyo_kl_kl\_gguomjhqbsbnZpbc^hfZdkbfZevghc:G-gZa_feyoaZgyluo

ijhfure_gghklvxljZgkihjlhflZ[e 

LZ[ebpZ 

DeZkkbnbdZpbya_f_evihkl_i_gbZgljhih]_gghcgZ]jmadb:G 

 

Kl_i_gv:G 

;Zee 

<b^ubdZl_]hjbba_f_ev 

<ukrZy 

 

 

A_febijhfure_gghklbljZgkihjlZ]hjh^h\ihk_edh\

bgnjZkljmdlmjugZjmr_ggu_a_feb 

Hq_gv\ukhdZy 5 

HjhrZ_fu_bhkmrZ_fu_a_feb 

<ukhdZy 4 

IZohlgu_a_febZj_Zeubgl_gkb\guojm[hdiZkl[bsZ

bk_ghdhkubkihevam_fu_g_jZpbhgZevgh 

Kj_^gyy 3 Fgh]he_lgb_gZkZ`^_gbyj_dj_Zpbhggu_a_feb 

GbadZy 2  K_ghdhkue_kZbkihevam_fu_h]jZgbq_ggh 

Hq_gvgbadZy 1 

Ijbjh^hhojZggu_bg_bkihevam_fu_a_feb 

 


background image

 

 

 

=jmiibjh\dZ a_f_ev ih kl_i_gb :G iha\hey_l hp_gblv Zgljhih]_ggmx

ij_h[jZah\Zgghklv l_jjblhjbb \ khihklZ\bfuo ihdZaZl_eyo Bfb y\eyxlky

dhwnnbpb_glu Z[khexlghc DZ b hlghkbl_evghc Dh gZijy`_gghklb WOK

l_jjblhjbbl_hlghr_gbyiehsZ^ba_f_evk\ukhdhc:GdiehsZ^bk[he__

gbadhc:G 

:G

6                      

:G

4

:G

5

:G

6

 

DZ ---------Dh ----------------------- 
:G

1                     

:G

1

:G

2

:G

3   

 

Dhwnnbpb_gl DZ ihdZau\Z_l hlghr_gb_ iehsZ^b kbevgh gZjmr_gguo

]hjgufb jZajZ[hldZfb ijhfure_gghklvx ljZgkihjlhf a_f_ev  d iehsZ^b

fZehljhgmluo beb g_ljhgmluo l_jjblhjbc Wlh khhlghr_gb_djZcgboih k\h

_fm agZq_gbx \_ebqbg ^he`gh ijb\e_dZlv d k_[_ hkh[h_ \gbfZgb_ k p_evx

mjZ\gh\_rb\Zgby kbevguo Zgljhih]_gguo \ha^_ckl\bc k ihl_gpbZehf \hkklZ

gh\e_gbyeZg^rZnlZbih^^_j`ZgbygZkhhl\_lkl\mxs_fmjh\g_g_h[oh^bfhc

iehsZ^baZih\_^gbdh\aZdZagbdh\b^jm]boijbjh^hhojZgguol_jjblhjbcQ_f

[hevr_bol_fgb`_dhwnnbpb_glDZb[eZ]hihemqg__kdeZ^u\Z_lkykhklhygb_

hdjm`Zxs_ckj_^u 

< p_ehf wdheh]h-ohayckl\_ggh_ khklhygb_ l_jjblhjbb \ gZb[hevr_c

kl_i_gboZjZdl_jbam_lkydhwnnbpb_glhfDhlZddZdijbwlhfho\Zlu\Z_lky\ky

jZkkfZljb\Z_fZy l_jjblhjby Kgb`_gb_ gZijy`_gghklb kblmZpbb mf_gvrZ_l

agZq_gb_ dhwnnbpb_glh\ Z ijb Dh jZ\ghf beb [ebadhf d  gZijy`_gghklv

WOK l_jjblhjbb hdZau\Z_lky k[ZeZgkbjh\Zgghc ih kl_i_gb :G b ihl_gpbZem

mklhcqb\hklbijbjh^u 

GZl_jjblhjbbFhkdh\kdhch[eZklb\aZ\bkbfhklbhlkl_i_gb:G\u^_

eyxlkyahgukjZaebqghcgZijy`_gghklvxWOKl_jjblhjbbjbkbDZ

aZehkvkijb[eb`_gb_fd]Fhkd\_dhwnnbpb_glu^he`gu\hajZklZlvZdi_

jbn_jbb-mf_gvrZlvkyH^gZdh\^_ckl\bl_evghklbwlh]hg_ijhbkoh^blAhgu

jZkiheZ]Zxlkyg_dhgp_gljbq_kdbfbihykZfb\hdjm]Fhkd\uZh[jZamxlkeh`

gmxbg_h^ghjh^gmxdZjlbgmLZdgZl_jjblhjbbFulbsbgkdh]hjZchgZijh

bkoh^blmf_gvr_gb_gZijy`_gghklbWOKqlhk\yaZghkgZebqb_fa^_kvhklZldZ

e_khiZjdh\h]hihykZ\hdjm]Fhkd\ub\h^hojZgbebs\uklmiZxsbok\h_h[jZa

gufbwdheh]bq_kdbfb[mn_jZfbdZgljhih]_gguf\ha^_ckl\byf 

Wdheh]h-ohayckl\_ggZy gZijy`_gghklv \hajZklZ_l   \   jy^_   jZchgh\

Ih^fhkdh\vy Obfdbgkdbc Ex[_j_pdbc E_gbgkdbc qlh k\yaZgh k \ukhdhc

mj[ZgbaZpb_c gZkus_gghklvx ijhfure_gghklvx b ljZgkihjlhf Z lZd`_ gZ

x]_bx]h-\hklhd_h[eZklbDZrbjkdbcAZjZckdbcK_j_[jyghijm^kdbcb^j 

qlh h[mkeh\e_gh \ i_j\mx hq_j_^v kh agZqbl_evghc jZkiZrdhc l_jjblhjbb

G_\ukhdZy gZijy`_gghklv WOK l_jjblhjbb d k_\_jm b aZiZ^m hl ]Fhkd\u Z

lZd`_\jy^_jZchgh\gZ\hklhd_h[eZklbh[tykgy_lkygZebqb_f[hevrbofZkkb

\h\e_kZbiZkl[bsguom]h^bc 

DZ`^hfm Zgljhih]_gghfm \ha^_ckl\bxbebbo kh\hdmighklb khhl\_lkl

\m_l k\hc ij_^_e mklhcqb\hklb   ijbjh^guo   b   ijbjh^gh-Zgljhih]_gguo

eZg^rZnlh\Q_fjZaghh[jZag__eZg^rZnll_fhg[he__mklhcqb\<ujZ`Z_lky

wlhij_`^_\k_]h[hevrbfdhebq_kl\hfbjZ\ghf_jgufjZkij_^_e_gb_f_kl_kl

\_gguo [bh]_hp_ghah\ mjhqbs ijbjh^hhojZgguo ahg b hkh[h hojZgy_fuo

l_jjblhjbc kh\hdmigZy iehsZ^v dhlhjuo khklZ\ey_l wdheh]bq_kdbc nhg^

Jwnl_jjblhjbbQ_fhg[hevr_l_f\ur__kl_kl\_ggZyaZsbs_gghklv?A 

l_jjblhjbbbkhhl\_lkl\_gghmklhcqb\hklveZg^rZnlZ 

<f_kl_ k l_f mjh\_gv ?A l_jjblhjbb lZd`_ aZ\bkbl hl jZkij_^_e_gby

a_f_evihkl_i_gb:GA_feboZjZdl_jbamxsb_ky\ukhdhckl_i_gvxZgljhih

]_gghcgZ]jmadbdZdijZ\behbf_xlgbadmx_kl_kl\_ggmxaZsbs_gghklv?keb