Файл: английский сборник по реферированию.pdf

56



contemporary – 

новый

, 

современный



occasionally –  

иногда



fine-needle aspiration biopsy – 

H

биопсия

тонко

игольной

аспирацией

c) ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS DRUG-INDUCED HEPATITIS 

WV Senaratne, MJ Pinidiyapathirage, G Perera, A Wickremasinghe

Ceylon Medical Journal Vol. 51(1), 2006, pp. 9-14 

BACKGROUND 

Most drugs can be metabolized with no hepatic damage; 

however, new adverse reactions to anti-tuberculosis agents

are occurring each year.

OBJECTIVE

To assess the incidence of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatitis 

(AIH) in Sri Lankan patients, and to determine risk factors of AIH. 

DESIGN

 A prospective study.  

SETTING

 Chest Hospital, Welisara (Sri Lanka), from April 2001 to April 2002.  

PATIENTS

 783 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB).  

METHODS

 Treatment with 

rifampicin

 was started in all cases. AIH was 

diagnosed when patients had elevated serum bilirubin.   

RESULTS 

Of all enrolled patients, 74 (9.5%) developed AIH, the majority (58%) 

developing AIH within the first 2 weeks of the intensive phase of treatment. AIH 
was more common among patients over 60 years, who developed pulmonary TB, 
and in patients weighing 33-55 kg. Age, weight and 

rifampicin

 overdosage were 

significant predictors of AIH.  

CONCLUSIONS

 The incidence of AIH in Sri Lanka is 9.5% in treated patients. 

AIH was associated with age, low body weight and 

rifampicin

 overdosage. 



Sri Lankan 

– 

Шри

-

Ланка



adverse reactions

– 

побочные

реакции

8B

d) MAKING THE DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE APPENDICITIS: DO MORE 

PREOPERATIVE CT SCANS MEAN FEWER NEGATIVE 

APPENDECTOMIES? A 10-YEAR STUDY 

H

Courtney A. Coursey

H

, 

H

Rendon C. Nelson

H

, 

H

Mayur B. Patel

H

, 

H

Courtney Cochran 

Radiology, February 2010, Vol. 254, pp. 460-468 

PURPOSE

 To determine the frequency of preoperative computed tomography 

(CT) in the evaluation of patients suspected of having appendicitis at one 
institution during the past 10 years and to determine whether changes in CT 
utilization were associated with changes in the negative appendectomy rate.  

DESIGN 

A surgical database search.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

 925 patients (526 men and 399 women [mean 

age - 38 years (range 18–95 years]) who underwent urgent appendectomy between 
January 1998 and September 2007. CT, pathology, and surgery reports were 

57

reviewed. By using logistic regression, changes in the proportion of patients 
undergoing CT and in the proportion of patients undergoing each year 
appendectomy in which the appendix was healthy were evaluated. Subgroup 
analyses based on patient age (

≤

 45 years or > 45 years) and sex also were 

performed.  

RESULTS

 Prior to urgent appendectomy, 18.5% of patients underwent 

preoperative CT in 1998 compared with 93.2% of patients in 2007. The negative 
appendectomy rate for women 45 years of age and younger decreased from 42.9% 
in 1998% to 7.1% in 2007. However, the timing of the decrease in negative 
appendectomy rates for women 45 years and younger could not be proved to be 
associated with the increase in CT use.  

CONCLUSION

 Rising utilization of preoperative CT and advances in technology 

coincided with a decrease in the negative appendectomy rate for women 45 years 
and younger but not in men of any age or women older than 45 years.  
 



negative appendectomy – 

отрицательная

аппендэктомия

  (

удаление

здорового

червеобразного

отростка

)



 timing – 

синхронизация

, 

согласование

по

времени

, 

хронометраж

58

Заболевания

костей

ЗАНЯТИЕ

11 

Выучите

слова

и

выражения

, 

наиболее

часто

употребляемые

в

рефератах

: 

1.

anatomical outcomes 

анатомический

результат

2.

biomarker 

H

биологический

маркёр

H

, 

H

биомаркёр

3.

bone loss 

потеря

костной

массы

4.

bone marrow 

костный

мозг

5.

bone mineral density 

H

костная

минеральная

плотность

H

6.

calcium supplements 

H

кальциевые

добавки

7.

closed reduction method 

метод

закрытого

вправления

, 

закрытой

репозиции

8.

contiguous bone involvement 

вовлечение

близлежащих

костей

9.

counter-traction 

вытяжение

в

противоположном

направлении

10.

distal radius  

дистальный

отдел

лучевой

кости

11.

dual energy X-ray absorptiometry 

двухэнергетическая

H

рентгеновская

абсорбциометрия

12.

forearm 

предплечье

13.

fracture 



displaced fracture 

перелом

перелом

со

смещением

14.

hip 

бедро

15.

inflammatory back pain (IBP) 

воспалительная

боль

в

спине

16.

lumbar spine 

поясничный

отдел

 (

позвоночника

) 

17.

manual reduction (Syn. 

manipulation) 

H

ручное

вправление

18.

metaphyseal equivalent sites 

метафизарные

эквивалентные

участки

19.

osteoporotic fractures 

HU

остеопоротический

U

перелом

59

20.

pelvic abscess 

внутритазовый

абсцесс

21.

pelvic acute hematogenous

osteomyelitis 

внутритазовый

острый

гематогенный

остеомиелит

22.

 proximal femur 

проксимальный

отдел

бедренной

кости

23.

sacroiliac joint (SIJ) 

крестцово

-

подвздошное

сочленение

24.

sacroiliitis 

сакроилеит

25.

spondyloarthropathy 

спондилоартропатия

26.

traction 

вытяжка

Упражнение

 1. 

Переведите

предложения

на

русский

язык

, 

обратите

внимание

на

перевод

выделенных

слов

. 

1.

Displaced fractures

 are usually reduced (

вправляются

) using 

closed 

reduction methods

, which are non-surgical and generally comprise 

traction 

and 

manipulation

.

2.

One trial compared a novel

(

новый

)

non-anaesthetised method of

 manual 

reduction

 involving 

counter-traction

 versus traditional 

manual reduction

under intravenous regional anaesthesia.

3.

We analyzed our experience with MRI

of 

pelvic acute hematogenous

osteomyelitis. 

4.

Osteomyelitis involved 

metaphyseal equivalent sites

in every case, with 

single bone involvement in 24 

and 

contiguous bone involvement

 in the 

remaining 14.

5.

Bone loss

 in patients with 

inflammatory back pain

 (IBP) suspicious of (c 

подозрением

на

) early undifferentiated 

spondyloarthropathy

 is poorly 

defined (

плохо

распознается

).

6.

In 30 patients with early 

IBP

, clinical data were collected and 

bone mineral 

density

 (BMD) assessed using 

dual

energy x-ray absorptiometry. 

7.

Hip 

bone loss

 was found to be associated with raised baseline C-reactive 

protein levels

  (

исходный

уровень

С

-

реактивного

белка

), baseline MRI 

bone marrow

 oedema of the 

SIJs 

and the presence of radiographic 

sacroiliitis

 after 8 years.

8.

This study examined whether higher intakes

of milk

and other calcium-rich 

foods during adult years can reduce the

risk of 

osteoporotic fractures

.  

9.

These

data do not support the hypothesis that higher consumption

(

употребление

в

пищу

)

of

milk or other food sources of calcium by adult 

women protects

against 

hip 

or 

forearm 

fractures. 

10.

This was a 12-year

prospective study among 77 761 women who had never 

used 

calcium supplements

. 

60

Упражнения

 2. 

Прочитайте

рефераты

медицинских

статей

. 

Передайте

их

содержание

на

русском

языке

по

схеме

.

а

) MILK, DIETARY CALCIUM, AND BONE FRACTURES IN WOMEN: A 

12-YEAR PROSPECTIVE STUDY

D. Feskanich, W. C. Willett, M. J. Stampfer and G. A. Colditz 

American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 87,Issue 6, pp. 992-997 

OBJECTIVES

 This study examined whether higher intakes of milk

and other 

calcium-rich foods during adult years can reduce the

risk of osteoporotic fractures.  

METHODS

 This was a 12-year

prospective study among 77 761 women, aged 34 

through 59 years

in 1999, who had never used calcium supplements. Dietary 

intake

was assessed with a food-frequency questionnaire in 2000, 2004,

and 2006. 

Fractures of the proximal femur (n = 133) and distal radius (n = 1046) from low or 
moderate trauma were self-reported

on biennial questionnaires.  

RESULTS

 We found no evidence that

higher intakes of milk or calcium from food 

sources reduce fracture

incidence. Women who drank two or more glasses of milk 

per day

had relative risks of 1.45 for hip fracture  and 1.05 for forearm fracture 

when compared with women consuming one glass

or less per week. Likewise, 

higher intakes of total dietary

calcium or calcium from dairy foods were not 

associated with decreased risk of hip or forearm fracture.  

CONCLUSIONS

 These

data do not support the hypothesis that higher 

consumption of

milk or other food sources of calcium by adult women 

protects

against hip or forearm fractures. 



food-frequency questionnaire – 

H

опросник

частоты

потребления

различных

пищевых

продуктов



biennial questionnaires –  

двухлетняя

анкета



relative risk – 

H

относительный

риск



likewise –  

подобно

, 

так

же

b) 

H

BONE LOSS IN VERY EARLY INFLAMMATORY BACK PAIN IN 

UNDIFFERENTIATED SPONDYLOARTHROPATHY: A 1-YEAR 

OBSERVATIONAL STUDY 

H

Haugeberg G

H

, 

H

Bennett A.N

H

, 

H

McGonagle D

H

, 

H

Emery P

H

, 

H

Marzo-Ortega H

H

. 

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 2010 

BACKGROUND

 Bone loss in patients with inflammatory back pain (IBP) 

suspicious of early undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy is poorly defined.  

OBJECTIVE 

The aim of this study was to examine changes in bone mineral 

density (BMD) in the hip, lumbar spine and hand in patients with early IBP and to 
look for possible biomarkers associated with this change.