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81
5.
Late
adverse effects
included decreased visual acuity (острота зрения) and
hypopituitarism
.
6.
The objective was to evaluate
curative
effect, plasma hormone level and main
complications after
radiosurgery
in patients with
pituitary
adenomas.
7.
Fine-needle aspiration
of thyroid gland was performed in 150
breast cancer
patients.
8.
The mean values for
anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies
were significantly
higher in breast cancer patients than in control individuals.
9.
139 were treated for recurrent or residual (остаточный) adenomas after surgery
or
radiotherapy
.
10.
The main results of this study are the high incidence of thyroid antibodies, and
the possible role of gluten in the
induction of the antibodies.
Упражнение 2. Прочитайте рефераты медицинских статей. Передайте их
содержание на русском языке по схеме
A.
BREAST CANCER IN ASSOCIATION WITH THYROID
DISORDERS
Orhan Turken, Yavuz Narin, Sezai Demirbas et al
Breast Cancer Report, 2003
BACKGROUND
The relationship between breast cancer and thyroid diseases is
controversial. Discrepant results have been reported in the literature.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the incidences of autoimmune and nonautoimmune
thyroid diseases in patients with breast cancer and age-matched control individuals
without breast or thyroid disease.
METHODS
Clinical and ultrasound evaluation of thyroid gland, determination of
serum thyroid hormone and antibody levels, and fine-needle aspiration of thyroid
gland were performed in 150 breast cancer patients and 100 control individuals.
RESULTS
The mean values for anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies were
significantly higher in breast cancer patients than in control individuals. The
incidences of autoimmune and nonautoimmune thyroid diseases were higher in
breast cancer patients than in control individuals (38% versus 17%; 26% versus
9%, respectively).
82
CONCLUSION
Our results indicate an increased prevalence of autoimmune and
nonautoimmune thyroid diseases in breast cancer patients.
сontroversial – спорный, сомнительный
discrepant – противоречивый
age-matched control individuals – представители контрольной группы,
подобранные по возрасту
B. GAMMA KNIFE FOR PITUITARY ADENOMAS TREATMENT
Lin, Y. G.; Zhang, Z. Y., et al
Chinese Journal of Contemporary Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2006
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate curative effect, plasma hormone level and main
complications after gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) in patients with pituitary
adenomas.
METHODS
Among 417 patients with pituitary adenomas undergoing GKRS
procedures in our medical center from September 1995 to December 2004, 312
patients were completely followed-up (mean follow-up period was 30 months). Of
these (117 male, 195 female), 139 were treated for recurrent or residual adenomas
after surgery or radiotherapy. The clinical symptoms, tumor diameter and
endocrinal function were analyzed retrospectively.
RESULTS
In this series, complete tumor disappearance was observed in 25 cases
(8.01%), regression in 152 cases (48.72%), stability in 129 cases (41.35%) and
enlarged tumor in 6 cases (1.92%). The total tumor control rate was 98.08%
(306/312). Of the patients with functional pituitary adenomas, plasma hormone
level was normalized in 77 patients (32.91%), decreased in 102 patients (43.59%)
and without significant changes in 55 patients (23.50%) compared to the hormone
level before GKRS. Late adverse effect was noted in 5 patients with decreased
visual acuity and in 8 patients with hypopituitarism.
CONCLUSION
GKRS is a safe and effective therapy in selected patients with
pituitary adenomas.
gamma knife – гамма-нож
safe – безопасный
83
C. IMPORTANCE OF GLUTEN IN THE INDUCTION OF
ENDOCRINE AUTOANTIBODIES AND ORGAN DYSFUNCTION IN
ADOLESCENT CELIAC PATIENTS
V. Toscano, F. G. Conti, E. Anastasi
The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 2009, Vol. 95, pp. 1742-1748
OBJECTIVE
A high number of celiac patients may develop autoantibodies
against endocrine glands, but it has not yet been clarified if this increased
autoimmune response and the impaired organ function that can develop may be
related to the presence or absence of gluten in the diet.
AIM
The aim of the present
study was to evaluate the effect of gluten on the autoimmunity and function of the
endocrine glands in adolescent celiac patients.
METHODS
To clarify this aspect we investigated 44 patients on a gluten-free diet
(treated patients) and 19 with a diet containing gluten (untreated patients).
Antibodies against the thyroid were evaluated.
RESULTS
Antibody values were significantly higher in the untreated than in the
treated group. At least one antibody was positive in 10 of 19 untreated patients
(52.6%) but only in five of 44 treated patients (11%). The ultrasonographic
evaluation of the thyroid resulted in a pathological score in 9 patients of the 19
examined untreated patients, suggesting the presence of thyropathy.
CONCLUSIONS
The main results of this study are the high incidence of thyroid
antibodies, and the possible role of gluten in the induction of the antibodies as well
as, in few cases, the consequent organ dysfunction.
develop autoantibodies against – вырабатывать аутоантитела к
clarify – сделать понятным/ясным, пролить свет (на что-либо)
consequent – последующий
D. THYROID DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH GENETIC
HAEMOCHROMATOSIS - A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
M.S. Murphy, C.H. Walsh
British Endocrine Society, 2002
BACKGROUND
Substantial deposition of iron in the thyroid gland is a frequent
autopsy finding in patients with genetic haemochromatosis. Despite this there have
been relatively few reports of significant thyroid dysfunction in such patients. In
one large study Edwards et al. (1983) observed primary hypothyroidism in 6.1% of
cases; all subjects were male and had elevated titres of antithyroid antibodies.
84
AIM
The aim of this prospective study is to assess the prevalence of thyroid
dysfunction in a large group of patients with genetic haemochromatosis.
METHODS
To clarify this aspect we investigated a total of 154 patients (Male
123; Female 31) prospectively. The average age for males was 52 years (range 25-
76) and for females 54 years (range 24-82).
RESULTS
40 (25.9%) cases had diabetes mellitus and 24 cases had proven
hepatitic cirrhosis. 7 (4.5%) of patients were identified as having a thyroid
disorder. Four (2.6%) had primary hypothyroidism, two had subclinical
hypothyroidism and one had hypothyroidism secondary to pituitary surgery. In all
cases the diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism preceded that of haemochromatosis.
No case of hyperthyroidism has been identified.
CONCLUSION
Thus despite apparently heavy iron deposition within the thyroid
gland and genetic haemochromatosis thyroid function is preserved in the vast
majority of patients.
deposition – отложение
hepatitic – гепатитный
precede – предшествовать
secondary to – на фоне
preserve – сохранять
85
СЛОВАРЬ ТЕРМИНОВ И СОКРАЩЕНИЙ,
ИСПОЛЬЗУЕМЫХ В ДОКАЗАТЕЛЬНОЙ МЕДИЦИНЕ
Доверительный интервал, ДИ (confidence interval, CI):
Мера точности
оценки показателя, отражающая диапазон, в котором могут находиться его
реальные значения. Диапазон 95% ДИ будет включать в себя 95%
результатов, полученных в исследованиях с аналогичной структурой,
одинаковыми размерами выборки и характеристиками участников.
Исследование случай-контроль (case control study):
Исследование,
структура которого предусматривает сравнение двух групп участников с
развившимся
и
неразвившимся
клиническим
исходом
(обычно
неблагоприятным) с целью выявления различий во влиянии определенных
факторов (обычно факторов риска) на развитие этого клинического исхода.
Такая структура исследования наиболее пригодна при попытках определить
причину возникновения редко встречающихся заболеваний, например,
некоторых разновидностей рака.
Исходный риск (bаseline risk):
риск развития изучаемого клинического
исхода в отсутствие лечения; обычно оценивается в контрольной группе.
Клиническая значимость (clinical significance):
Важность результата, с
клинической точки зрения. Здесь слово “значимость” соответствует
общепринятому пониманию слова “важность” (в отличие от статистической
значимости, см. ниже); если в английском тексте термин “significance”
приводится
без
дополнительного
уточнения,
то
имеется
в
виду
статистическая значимость.
Клинический исход (outcome):
изучаемое в ходе исследования событие,
которое можно оценить в виде дихотомических (например, наступление
смерти,
развитие
инфаркта
миокарда
или
снижение
показателя
выраженности боли на определенное количество баллов) или непрерывных