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íàì ñèñòåì ïñèõîàíàëèòè÷åñêîé êîíöåïòóàëèçàöèè ìîæåò èíà÷å,
÷åì äðóãèå, îõàðàêòåðèçîâàòü òàêîé ýïèçîä è êàæäàÿ áóäåò ïî-ñâî-
åìó îáðàùàòüñÿ ñ íèì è åãî ïîñëåäñòâèÿìè äëÿ ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ ñòðóê-
òóðû ÿ è ÷óâñòâà ÿ. È êàæäàÿ ñèñòåìà äåòàëüíî îñâåùàåò ñâîé
îñîáåííûé, âàæíûé è êëèíè÷åñêè ïîëåçíûé íþàíñ îïûòà; èìåí-
íî ïîýòîìó òàê öåíåí äëÿ íàñ ïîëèìîäàëüíûé ïîäõîä.
3. Ðàññìîòðèì íàø ïðèìåð ñ òî÷êè çðåíèÿ îáúåêòíûõ îòíîøå-
íèé. Íå ñòîëü î÷åâèäíûå ïðè íåïîñðåäñòâåííîì íàáëþäåíèè çà
ìëàäåíöàìè, íî ïðåäñêàçóåìûå â ñâîåì äàëüíåéøåì ðàçâåðòûâà-
íèè, ýòî áóäóò áåç êîíöà ïîâòîðÿþùèåñÿ, îáû÷íî ñàìîðàçðóøè-
òåëüíûå óñèëèÿ èíäèâèäà, íàïðàâëåííûå ëèáî íà ïîâòîðåíèå òà-
êîãî ìëàäåí÷åñêîãî òðàâìàòè÷åñêîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ, ëèáî íà ïîèñê
ïðîòèâîÿäèÿ îò íåãî. Ïàöèåíòêà äîêòîðà Îðíøòåéí íàõîäèëàñü â
òèñêàõ ïîïûòîê âíîâü ïåðåæèòü ðàííåå êðèçèñíîå ñîñòîÿíèå íåäî-
ñòàòî÷íîé ñòèìóëÿöèè è ïðåíåáðåæåíèÿ è â òî æå âðåìÿ íàó÷èòüñÿ
èì óïðàâëÿòü, èùà äëÿ ýòîãî ñòðàñòíûå ïðèâÿçàííîñòè êàê äàþùåå
ýíåðãèþ ïðîòèâîÿäèå îò åå âíóòðåííåé ìåðòâåííîñòè. Ìîæíî ëåã-
êî ïðåäñòàâèòü ìëàäåíöà, ïîñòîÿííî ñòàëêèâàþùåãîñÿ ñ ýêâèâàëåí-
òîì êàìåííîãî ëèöà, íóæäàþùåãîñÿ, êàê ïàöèåíòêà äîêòîðà
Îðíøòåéí, â òîì, ÷òîáû âûçâàòü ëþáîé öåíîé âûðàæåíèå èíòåí-
ñèâíîãî ó÷àñòèÿ è ñòðàñòíûå âçãëÿäû, êîòîðûå ìèññèñ Õîëëàíä ïî-
ëó÷àëà îò ñîáëàçíåííûõ åþ ìóæ÷èí. Ïî ñëîâàì äîêòîðà Îðíøòåéí,
ìóæ÷èíà äîëæåí áûë áûòü ïîëíîñòüþ ñîñðåäîòî÷åí íà íåé. Äëÿ
íàñ òàêæå íå áûëî óäèâèòåëüíûì, ÷òî âîñõèùåííûé âçãëÿä ìóæ-
÷èí â äîñòàòî÷íîé ñòåïåíè íå êîìïåíñèðîâàë ñòîëü ìàññèâíûé, çà-
ëîæåííûé â ïåðèîä ìëàäåí÷åñòâà äåôèöèò, ÷òî ðàíî èëè ïîçäíî åãî
èíòåíñèâíîñòü íà ìãíîâåíèå èñ÷åçàëà è òðàâìàòè÷åñêàÿ íåõâàòêà îò-
âåòíîãî âçãëÿäà óãðîæàëà ïîâòîðèòüñÿ. Íå óäèâèòåëüíî äëÿ íàñ è
òî, ÷òî ìóæ÷èíà ñíîâà è ñíîâà íà÷èíàë ñòàíîâèòüñÿ íåíàâèäÿùèì
è ïóãàþùèì êàìåííûì ëèöîì, òðåáóþùèì ðàçðóøàòü åãî çíà÷è-
ìîñòü ñ ïîìîùüþ äåèäåàëèçàöèè è íàõîæäåíèÿ íåäîñòàòêîâ, è ÷òî
îíà çàòåì íóæäàëàñü â äâèæåíèè ê ñëåäóþùåé ïîáåäå è ñëåäóþùå-
ìó âîñõèùåííîìó âçãëÿäó. Ïîäîáíûì îáðàçîì ìîæíî ïîíÿòü è
Àëåêñà, ïàöèåíòà äîêòîðà Ìàéåðñà, êîòîðûé èñêàë âîñòîðæåííûå
âçãëÿäû â ñâîèõ ïðåõîäÿùèõ ãîìîñåêñóàëüíûõ ïàðòíåðàõ. Â îáîèõ
ïðèìåðàõ äðóãèå ëþäè áûëè âòÿíóòû â ñèòóàöèþ êàê ïåðñîíàæè â
ïîâòîðÿþùåéñÿ ïñèõîëîãè÷åñêîé äðàìå, ÷üåé çàäà÷åé áûëî çàìå-
ùàòü íåäîñòàþùóþ âíóòðåííþþ ñòðóêòóðó.
Îïèñàííûé ìíîþ âàðèàíò ìîæíî íàáëþäàòü ó ðîäèòåëåé, êîòî-
ðûå îáåñïå÷èâàþò íåêîòîðóþ îòâåòíîñòü è ïîäñòðîéêó, íåîáõî-
äèìóþ ðåáåíêó, íî êîòîðûì ïîíà÷àëó òðåáóåòñÿ, ÷òîáû ðåáåíîê èõ
àêòèâèðîâàë, âûòÿíóâ èç òîé èëè èíîé ôîðìû äåïðåññèè èëè íàð-
öèññè÷åñêîé îçàáî÷åííîñòè. Òåðàïåâò, ðàáîòàÿ ñ òàêèì ïàöèåíòîì,
áóäåò îáúåêòîì ëåñòè èëè èäåàëèçàöèè ñî ñòîðîíû ýòîãî ïàöèåíòà,
êîòîðûé óñâîèë, ÷òî òîëüêî ñ ïîìîùüþ òàêîãî ïîâåäåíèÿ îí èìå-
åò íåêîòîðóþ íàäåæäó ïîëó÷èòü ÷òî-òî èç òîãî, ÷åãî åìó íå õâàòàåò
èçíóòðè. Ýòî ñâîåãî ðîäà âûñòðàäàííàÿ òåîðèÿ ÷åëîâå÷åñêîãî âçà-
èìîäåéñòâèÿ, ñ êîòîðîé îíè ðàñòóò; è îíà îáðàçóåò îäíó èç ôîðì
ñîçàâèñèìîñòè, íà êîòîðîé òàê ÷àñòî äåëàþò óäàðåíèå ìíîãèå ïîä-
õîäû ñàìîïîìîùè*.
ß ïîïûòàëñÿ îòñîðòèðîâàòü íåêîòîðûå îáùèå òåìû øåñòè äîê-
ëàäîâ, ïðîèëëþñòðèðîâàòü èõ êëèíè÷åñêèìè ïðèìåðàìè è ñãðóïïè-
ðîâàòü èõ òàê, ÷òîáû îáëåã÷èòü ïîíèìàíèå. ß òàêæå ïðåäñòàâèë
ïðîñòûå èëëþñòðàòèâíûå ïðèìåðû èç äàííûõ ïî íàáëþäåíèþ çà
ìëàäåíöàìè, êîòîðûå ìîãóò ñëóæèòü ïàðàäèãìîé äëÿ îáñóæäåíèÿ òåõ
âèäîâ ìëàäåí÷åñêèõ òðàâì, êîòîðûå, êàê ïîëàãàþò ìíîãèå èç íàñ,
ÿâëÿþòñÿ ïðåäïîñûëêàìè àääèêòèâíîãî ïîâåäåíèÿ.
*ß ïðèìåíÿþ ýòè íàáëþäåíèÿ çà çàñòûâøèì ëèöîì ê áîëåå øèðîêèì âîïðîñàì
òåðàïåâòè÷åñêèõ îòíîøåíèé â ïñèõîàíàëèçå è ïñèõîòåðàïèè â äðóãîé ðàáîòå (cì.
Jackobson, 1993).
213
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