Файл: этнич иденичность в африке.pdf

national analyses of the sort presented in this paper, old stereotypes and media-reinforced misperceptions 
are frustratingly difficult to break.  The results of this paper, based on precisely the kind of cross-national 
data that has hitherto been lacking,

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 provide new support for the claim that ethnicity is salient in Africa 

because people are becoming more modern, not less, and because political competition on the continent is 
increasing, not diminishing.    

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 The efforts summarized in Bratton, Mattes and Gyimah-Boadi (forthcoming) are an important exception. 

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Appendix 

Table A1: Group Identification, Broad Ethnic Measure: 

“

…which specific group do you feel you belong to first and foremost?

” (from Afrobarometer) 

Broad Ethnic Measure 

Religion 

Class/ 

Occupation 

Other 

Obs. 

All 
Respondents 

0.45 

0.09 0.40  0.07 

14414 

0.95 

Botswana 

0.02 0.03  0.01 

1196 

Malawi 

0.59 

0.11 0.23  0.05 

1132 

Namibia 

0.54 

0.12 0.33  0.00 

838 

Nigeria 

0.69 

0.00 0.29  0.02 

3516 

South Africa 

0.51 

0.19 0.16  0.15 

2152 

Tanzania 

0.03 

0.05 0.79  0.12 

2151 

Uganda 

0.15 

0.09 0.66  0.09 

1945 

Zambia 

0.11 

0.32 0.54  0.02 

905 

Zimbabwe 

0.54 

0.08 0.33  0.05 

930 

Notes: The “other” category includes gender, and other responses. The rows may not sum to 100 percent 
because of rounding errors.  The construction of the broad ethnic identity measure is described in the 
text. 

 
Table A2: Sources of Ethnic Identity: Ethnic Diversity Measures, Broad Ethnic Measure 

Dependent variable: Ethnic identity 

“describes respondent best”, broad ethnic measure 

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 

Ethnic fractionalization – Fearon measure 
 

-0.87

**

(0.42) 

-0.67

**

(0.26) 

Ethnic fractionalization – Alesina measure 
 

-0.60

**

(0.30) 

Ethno-linguistic fractionalization  

-0.99

**

(0.43) 

Size of largest ethnic group  
 

0.68

***

(0.24) 

Politically relevant ethnic groups score 
 

-0.98

***

(0.25) 

Individual and country characteristics, 
and country population weights 

No  Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 

Observations 

(respondents) 

14414 14414 14414 14414 14414 14414 

Notes: Probit estimation, with marginal coefficient estimates (at mean values for the explanatory variables). Huber 
robust standard errors in parentheses. Significantly different than zero at 90 percent (*), 95 percent (**), 99 percent 
(***) confidence. Regression disturbance terms are clustered at the country level. The individual and country 
characteristics and weights are as in Table 4, regression 3. 

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