ВУЗ: Не указан
Категория: Не указан
Дисциплина: Не указана
Добавлен: 23.11.2023
Просмотров: 584
Скачиваний: 4
ВНИМАНИЕ! Если данный файл нарушает Ваши авторские права, то обязательно сообщите нам.
, and
Montmorency left the boat. (Jerome)
If the subject is a pronoun inversion does not take place.
Thus he thought and crumpled up and sank down upon the wet earth.
(London)
(d) Adverbial modifiers of manner expressed by adverbs placed at the head of the sentence, may or may not cause inversion. In case of inversion the auxiliary do must be used if the predicate does not contain either an auxiliary or a modal verb.
Silently and patiently did the doctor bear all this. (Dickens)
Dimly and darkly had the sombre shadows of a summer’s night fallen upon
all around, when they again reached Dingley Dell. (Dickens)
B u t: And suddenly the moon appeared,young and tender, floating up on her
back from behind a tree. (Galsworthy)
Speedily that worthy gentleman appeared.(Dickens)
(f) An adverbial modifier preceded by so is placed at the head of the sentence.
So beautifully did she sing that the audience burst into applause.
2. Inversion occurs when the emphatic particle only, the adverbs hardly, scarcely (correlated with the conjunction when), the adverb no sooner (correlated with the conjunction than), or the conjunction nor open the sentence. If there is inversion the auxiliary do must be used if the predicate does not contain either an auxiliary or a modal verb.
Only once did he meet his match in tennis.
In only one respect has there been a decided lack of progress in the domain
of medicine, that is in the time it takes to become a qualified practitioner.
(Leacock)
I do not care to speak first. Nor do I desire to make trouble for another.
(Cronin)
No sooner had Aunt Julie received this emblem of departure than a change
came over her... (Galsworthy)
Scarcely iocs one long task completed when a guard unlocked our door.
(London)
3. Inversion occurs when the sentence begins with the word here which is not an adverbial modifier of place but has some demonstrative force.
“Here is my card, Sir,” replied Mr. Pickwick. (Dickens)
«Вот моя визитная карточка, сэр», — ответил мистер Пиквик.
Here comes my brother John.
Вот идет мой брат Джон.
If the subject is expressed by a personal pronoun the order of words is direct.
“Here he is!” said Sam rising with great glee. (Dickens)
«Вот он!» — радостно сказал Сэм, вставая.
“Here we are!”exclaimed that gentleman. (Dickens)
«Вот и мы!» — воскликнул этот джентльмен.
4. Inversion occurs when postpositions denoting direction open the sentence and the subject is expressed by a noun. Here belong such words as in, out, down, away, up, etc. This order of words makes the speech especially lively.
Out went Mr. Pickwick’s head again. (Dickens)
The wind carries their voices — away fly the sentences like little narrow
ribbons. (Mansfield)
Suddenly in bounced the landlady: “There’s a letter for you, Miss Moss.”
(Mansfield)
But if the subject is a pronoun there is no inversion:
Down he fell.
Her skirt flies up above her waist; she tries to beat it down, but it is no use —
up it flies.(Mansfield)
5. Inversion occurs when an object or an adverbial modifier expressed by a word-group with not a..., or many a... opens the sentence.
In case of inversion the auxiliary do must be used if the predicate does not contain either an auxiliary or a modal verb.
Not a hansom did I meet with in all my drive. (London)
Not a hint, however, did she drop about sending me to school. (Ch. Bronte)
Many a dun had she talked to and turned away from her father’s door.
(Thackeray)
Many a time had he watched him digging graves in the churchyard. (Dickens)
I hated that man, many and many a time had my fingers longed to tear him.
(Dickens)
6. Inversion often occurs when a predicative expressed by an adjective or by a noun modified by an adjective or by the pronoun such opens the sentence (in case the subject is a noun or an indefinite pronoun).
Violent was Mr. Weller’s indignation as he was borne along. (Dickens)
Such is life, and we are but as grass that is cut down, and put into the oven
and baked. (Jerome)
Sweet was that evening. (Ch. Bronte)
Inversion is very common in clauses of concession where the predicative is followed by the conjunction as.
Great as was its influence upon individual souls, it did not seriously affect the
main current of the life either of the church or of the nation. (Wakeman)
However, when the subject is expressed by a personal pronoun, the link verb follows the subject.
Bright eyes they were.(Dickens)
A strange place it was. (Dickens)
Starved and tired enough he was.(Ch. Bronte)
Miserable as he was on the steamer, a new misery came upon him. (London)
7. Inversion is also found in conditional clauses introduced without any conjunction when the predicate is expressed by was, were, had, could or should.
Even were they absolutely hers, it would be a passing means to enrich herself.
(Hardy)
He soon returned with food enough for half-a-dozen people and two bottles of
wine — enough to last them for a day or more, should any emergency arise.
(Hardy)
Yates would have felt better, had the gesture of a few kind words to Thorpe
been permitted him. (Heym)
It must be borne in mind that emphatic order does not necessarily mean inversion; emphasis may be also achieved by the prominent position of some part of the sentence without inversion, i. e. without placing the predicate before the subject.1
1 The prominent position of each part of the sentence will be treated in paragraphs dealing with the place of different parts of the sentence.
Here we shall only mention a peculiar way of making almost any part of the sentence emphatic. This is achieved by placing it is or it was before the part of the sentence which is to be emphasized and a clause introduced by the relative pronoun who or that, by the conjunction that or without any connective after it.
So it’s you that have disgraced the family. (Voynich)
It is not in Mr. Rochester he is interested. (Ch. Bronte)
Father appreciated him. It was on father’s suggestion that he went to law
college. (London)
§ 5. Position of the object.
The usual position of the object in declarative sentences is after the predicate (see Chapter XV, § 26). However, in exclamatory sentences the direct object may occupy the first place.
What wonderfully blue eyes you have, Ernest! (Wilde)
This position of the object generally does not cause inversion, except in poetry, high prose, and negative exclamatory sentences.
Thee would I spare — nay more — would save thee now! (Byron)
Passage after passage did he explore,room after room did he peep into! (Dickens)
In declarative sentences the front position of the object serves the purpose of emphasis. In Russian this position of the object is common (e. g. Волейболом он увлекался в юности, а теперь играет только в теннис); in English it occurs but seldom.
A fearful voyage I had with such a monster in the vessel. (Ch. Bronte)
Honey she had in plenty out of her own hives. (Hardy)
As a rule this prominent position of the object causes no inversion except when the object is expressed by word-groups with not a.., or many a... (see § 4, 5).
The direct object acquires some prominence when it is separated from the predicate by some secondary part of the sentence — generally an adverbial modifier or a prepositional indirect object. We may call this the back position of the object.
She produced from her pocket a most housewifely bunch of keys. (Ch.
Bronte)
I had at heart a strange and anxious thought. (Ch. Bronte)
Cowperwood smiled as he saw in the morning papers the announcement of
the passage of each ordinance granting him a franchise. (Dreiser)
As is seen from the above examples this occurs when the object has an attribute.
The front position of the indirect object in declarative sentences is rare. The prepositional indirect object is more common in this position, especially in colloquial English.
Of his love he would tell her nothing. (Voynich)
To Martin the future did not seem so dim. Success trembled just before him.
(London)
Sometimes the front position of the prepositional indirect object causes inversion.
To this circumstance may be attributed the fact that none of the letters
reached my hand. (Dickens)
§ 6. Position of the attribute.
I. The usual place of the attribute expressed by an adjective, noun, pronoun, or participle is before the word it modifies.
What extraordinary ideas you have about the way to behave to a woman!
(Wilde)
With most of such attributes the order in which they follow each other is generally free, i. e. it can be easily changed.
Amelia Sedley had such a kindly, smiling, tender, generous heart of her own
as won the love of everybody who came near her. (Thackeray)
However, with some attributes the order in which they follow each other is more or less fixed.
Attributes denoting age, colour, material, and nationality come next to the noun modified.
Rawdon preferred the quiet little Belgian city to either of the more noisy
capitals. (Thackeray).
Two years of married life had not lengthened her short dark chestnut hair.
(Galsworthy)
When two or more attributes denoting age, colour, material, and nationality refer to the same noun the order is as follows:
E. g.
3 2 3 1
She had brought her a bright yellow spotted silk blouse and a purple
Angora sweater. (M. Dickens)
It is interesting to note that the adjective little often corresponds to Russian diminutive suffixes in such words as паренек, братишка,ручка, комнатка. In this case as well as when little denotes age, it is placed immediately before the noun unless there are attributes denoting colour or nationality.
He was naked and painted blue and yellow in stripes — a jolly little chap.
(Galsworthy)
He was a little like Jolly, but eager-looking and less formal... altogether a very interesting little brother. (Galsworthy)
B u t: Mrs. Inchbare’s unloveable hair clung fast round her head in wiry little
yellow curls. (Collins)
A fortnight after it took place, he asked her where was her little French watch
and chain she used to wear. (Thackeray)
II. Post-position of the attribute.
There are some cases when the post-position of the attribute is its normal place, i. e. when it is not emphatic.
1. Most adjectives in ‑able and ‑ible are generally placed after the noun, especially when the noun is preceded by the adjective only or an adjective in the superlative degree: sufferings unspeakable, the only person visible, with all the solemnity possible, the most interesting thing imaginable.
However, a few adjectives with the same suffixes stand before the noun they modify.
He is the only reasonable man here.
She is a sensible little girl.
2. In some stock phrases the adjective is placed after the noun:
wealth untold — несметные богатства
from times immemorial — с незапамятных времен
a poet laureate — поэт-лауреат
generations unborn — грядущие поколения
court martial — военно-полевой суд
sum total — общая сумма
four years running — четыре года подряд
the first person singular — первое лицо единственного числа
the second person plural — второе лицо множественного числа
3. The adjectives proper (собственно, как таковой) and present (присутствующий) are placed after the noun.
We shan’t find anything about sculpture in this book, it deals with architecture
proper.
В этой книге мы не найдем ничего о скульптуре, она посвящена
архитектуре как таковой.
All the people present welcomed Paul Robeson enthusiastically.
Все присутствующие восторженно приветствовали Поля Робсона.
These meanings of proper and present are not to be confused with the meanings of proper and present when used in pre-position, e. g.:
This is not a proper answer to a question of this kind.
Our present task is to preserve peace in the world.
4. Attributes expressed by cardinal numerals denoting the place of the object in a series always follow the noun modified. No article is used in this case: page ten, tram number six, room two.
5. Adjectives stand after indefinite and negative pronouns.
I’d like to read something very interesting.
There is nothing extraordinary in her dress.
I’d like to speak with somebody very clever on the subject.
6. Attributes expressed by prepositional phrases follow the noun modified.
As a gesture of proud defiance he had named his son Francis Nicholas.
(Cronin)
Besides the cases when the post-position of the attribute is its normal (unemphatic) place, there are a few instances when the postposition of an attribute expressed by an adjective serves the purpose of emphasis.
It was with a conscience uneasy that Edwin shut the front door one night a
month later. (Bennett)
In this example we can easily put the attribute before the word modified, but then it will not be prominent.
Whereas the post-position of a single adjective is rather rare, two or more adjectives are often placed after the word modified for the sake of emphasis: these adjectives may or may not be joined by a conjunction.
He gave Annette a look furtive and searching. (Galsworthy)
(“He gave Annette a furtive and searching look” would sound less emphatic.)
All sorts of fancies bright and dark tenanted my mind. (Ch. Bronte)
When two or more attributive adjectives are placed in postposition, their connection with the noun they modify is often loose, i. e. they become detached and are consequently separated by a comma.
When I looked up... there stood the widow, pale, grave, and amazed. (Ch.
Bronte)
The boy inherited his own eyes, large, brilliant and black. (E. Bronte)
When an attribute expressed by an adjective modifies a proper noun or a personal pronoun, it mostly stands in loose connection to it whether it is placed in pre-position or in post-position.
Clare, restless, went out into the dusk. (Hardy)
Pale and constrained, he walked into the room and took his seat at the
window. (Cronin)
§ 7. Position of adverbial modifiers.
An adverbial modifier hardly ever separates the direct object from the predicate. It stands either before the predicate or after the direct object.
Helen heard me patiently to the end. (Ch. Bronte)
We could also very well say: “Helen patiently heard me to the end,” but no other position of the adverbial modifier is possible here, unless it is meant to be emphatic; in this case it is placed at the beginning of the sentence.
However, an adverbial modifier separates the direct object from its verb when the object has an attribute (see § 5).
He knew instinctively the principles of “pyramiding” and “kiting”. (Dreiser)
He could read English but he saw there an alien speech. (London)
1. An adverbial modifier of time is generally placed either at the beginning or at the end of the sentence.
On Tuesday night the new laundrymen arrived, and the rest of the week was
spent breaking them into the routine. (London)
Probably we shall try tomorrow. (Heym)
Adverbial modifiers expressed by the adverbs now and then can be placed in nearly any position.
Tess then remembered that there would have been time for this. (Hardy)
Indeed, anything untoward was now sedulously kept from James
(Galsworthy)
We now slowly ascended a drive and came upon the long front of a house.
(Ch. Bronte)
N o t e. — The hour is generally mentioned before a more general adverbial
modifier of time such as day, night, evening, morning.
At nine in the evening Badly White... opened the door to the room and poked
his head in. (Maltг)
2. An adverbial modifier of place generally stands either at the beginning or at the end of the sentence.
Down in the mill yard a Bessemer furnace was blowing flame into the sky.
(Maltz)
Geodin led the guests into the parlour. (O. Henry)
There it was all spiritual. Here it was all material and meanly material.
(London)
...a library was a most likely place for her, and he might see her there.
(London)
Montmorency left the boat. (Jerome)
If the subject is a pronoun inversion does not take place.
Thus he thought and crumpled up and sank down upon the wet earth.
(London)
(d) Adverbial modifiers of manner expressed by adverbs placed at the head of the sentence, may or may not cause inversion. In case of inversion the auxiliary do must be used if the predicate does not contain either an auxiliary or a modal verb.
Silently and patiently did the doctor bear all this. (Dickens)
Dimly and darkly had the sombre shadows of a summer’s night fallen upon
all around, when they again reached Dingley Dell. (Dickens)
B u t: And suddenly the moon appeared,young and tender, floating up on her
back from behind a tree. (Galsworthy)
Speedily that worthy gentleman appeared.(Dickens)
(f) An adverbial modifier preceded by so is placed at the head of the sentence.
So beautifully did she sing that the audience burst into applause.
2. Inversion occurs when the emphatic particle only, the adverbs hardly, scarcely (correlated with the conjunction when), the adverb no sooner (correlated with the conjunction than), or the conjunction nor open the sentence. If there is inversion the auxiliary do must be used if the predicate does not contain either an auxiliary or a modal verb.
Only once did he meet his match in tennis.
In only one respect has there been a decided lack of progress in the domain
of medicine, that is in the time it takes to become a qualified practitioner.
(Leacock)
I do not care to speak first. Nor do I desire to make trouble for another.
(Cronin)
No sooner had Aunt Julie received this emblem of departure than a change
came over her... (Galsworthy)
Scarcely iocs one long task completed when a guard unlocked our door.
(London)
3. Inversion occurs when the sentence begins with the word here which is not an adverbial modifier of place but has some demonstrative force.
“Here is my card, Sir,” replied Mr. Pickwick. (Dickens)
«Вот моя визитная карточка, сэр», — ответил мистер Пиквик.
Here comes my brother John.
Вот идет мой брат Джон.
If the subject is expressed by a personal pronoun the order of words is direct.
“Here he is!” said Sam rising with great glee. (Dickens)
«Вот он!» — радостно сказал Сэм, вставая.
“Here we are!”exclaimed that gentleman. (Dickens)
«Вот и мы!» — воскликнул этот джентльмен.
4. Inversion occurs when postpositions denoting direction open the sentence and the subject is expressed by a noun. Here belong such words as in, out, down, away, up, etc. This order of words makes the speech especially lively.
Out went Mr. Pickwick’s head again. (Dickens)
The wind carries their voices — away fly the sentences like little narrow
ribbons. (Mansfield)
Suddenly in bounced the landlady: “There’s a letter for you, Miss Moss.”
(Mansfield)
But if the subject is a pronoun there is no inversion:
Down he fell.
Her skirt flies up above her waist; she tries to beat it down, but it is no use —
up it flies.(Mansfield)
5. Inversion occurs when an object or an adverbial modifier expressed by a word-group with not a..., or many a... opens the sentence.
In case of inversion the auxiliary do must be used if the predicate does not contain either an auxiliary or a modal verb.
Not a hansom did I meet with in all my drive. (London)
Not a hint, however, did she drop about sending me to school. (Ch. Bronte)
Many a dun had she talked to and turned away from her father’s door.
(Thackeray)
Many a time had he watched him digging graves in the churchyard. (Dickens)
I hated that man, many and many a time had my fingers longed to tear him.
(Dickens)
6. Inversion often occurs when a predicative expressed by an adjective or by a noun modified by an adjective or by the pronoun such opens the sentence (in case the subject is a noun or an indefinite pronoun).
Violent was Mr. Weller’s indignation as he was borne along. (Dickens)
Such is life, and we are but as grass that is cut down, and put into the oven
and baked. (Jerome)
Sweet was that evening. (Ch. Bronte)
Inversion is very common in clauses of concession where the predicative is followed by the conjunction as.
Great as was its influence upon individual souls, it did not seriously affect the
main current of the life either of the church or of the nation. (Wakeman)
However, when the subject is expressed by a personal pronoun, the link verb follows the subject.
Bright eyes they were.(Dickens)
A strange place it was. (Dickens)
Starved and tired enough he was.(Ch. Bronte)
Miserable as he was on the steamer, a new misery came upon him. (London)
7. Inversion is also found in conditional clauses introduced without any conjunction when the predicate is expressed by was, were, had, could or should.
Even were they absolutely hers, it would be a passing means to enrich herself.
(Hardy)
He soon returned with food enough for half-a-dozen people and two bottles of
wine — enough to last them for a day or more, should any emergency arise.
(Hardy)
Yates would have felt better, had the gesture of a few kind words to Thorpe
been permitted him. (Heym)
It must be borne in mind that emphatic order does not necessarily mean inversion; emphasis may be also achieved by the prominent position of some part of the sentence without inversion, i. e. without placing the predicate before the subject.1
1 The prominent position of each part of the sentence will be treated in paragraphs dealing with the place of different parts of the sentence.
Here we shall only mention a peculiar way of making almost any part of the sentence emphatic. This is achieved by placing it is or it was before the part of the sentence which is to be emphasized and a clause introduced by the relative pronoun who or that, by the conjunction that or without any connective after it.
So it’s you that have disgraced the family. (Voynich)
It is not in Mr. Rochester he is interested. (Ch. Bronte)
Father appreciated him. It was on father’s suggestion that he went to law
college. (London)
§ 5. Position of the object.
The usual position of the object in declarative sentences is after the predicate (see Chapter XV, § 26). However, in exclamatory sentences the direct object may occupy the first place.
What wonderfully blue eyes you have, Ernest! (Wilde)
This position of the object generally does not cause inversion, except in poetry, high prose, and negative exclamatory sentences.
Thee would I spare — nay more — would save thee now! (Byron)
Passage after passage did he explore,room after room did he peep into! (Dickens)
In declarative sentences the front position of the object serves the purpose of emphasis. In Russian this position of the object is common (e. g. Волейболом он увлекался в юности, а теперь играет только в теннис); in English it occurs but seldom.
A fearful voyage I had with such a monster in the vessel. (Ch. Bronte)
Honey she had in plenty out of her own hives. (Hardy)
As a rule this prominent position of the object causes no inversion except when the object is expressed by word-groups with not a.., or many a... (see § 4, 5).
The direct object acquires some prominence when it is separated from the predicate by some secondary part of the sentence — generally an adverbial modifier or a prepositional indirect object. We may call this the back position of the object.
She produced from her pocket a most housewifely bunch of keys. (Ch.
Bronte)
I had at heart a strange and anxious thought. (Ch. Bronte)
Cowperwood smiled as he saw in the morning papers the announcement of
the passage of each ordinance granting him a franchise. (Dreiser)
As is seen from the above examples this occurs when the object has an attribute.
The front position of the indirect object in declarative sentences is rare. The prepositional indirect object is more common in this position, especially in colloquial English.
Of his love he would tell her nothing. (Voynich)
To Martin the future did not seem so dim. Success trembled just before him.
(London)
Sometimes the front position of the prepositional indirect object causes inversion.
To this circumstance may be attributed the fact that none of the letters
reached my hand. (Dickens)
§ 6. Position of the attribute.
I. The usual place of the attribute expressed by an adjective, noun, pronoun, or participle is before the word it modifies.
What extraordinary ideas you have about the way to behave to a woman!
(Wilde)
With most of such attributes the order in which they follow each other is generally free, i. e. it can be easily changed.
Amelia Sedley had such a kindly, smiling, tender, generous heart of her own
as won the love of everybody who came near her. (Thackeray)
However, with some attributes the order in which they follow each other is more or less fixed.
Attributes denoting age, colour, material, and nationality come next to the noun modified.
Rawdon preferred the quiet little Belgian city to either of the more noisy
capitals. (Thackeray).
Two years of married life had not lengthened her short dark chestnut hair.
(Galsworthy)
When two or more attributes denoting age, colour, material, and nationality refer to the same noun the order is as follows:
| 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | |
| various | age | colour | material | nationality | |
| | | red | | Turkish | slippers |
| | | black | lacy | | dress |
| | old | blue | | | kimono |
| pleasant | young | | | | man |
E. g.
3 2 3 1
She had brought her a bright yellow spotted silk blouse and a purple
Angora sweater. (M. Dickens)
It is interesting to note that the adjective little often corresponds to Russian diminutive suffixes in such words as паренек, братишка,ручка, комнатка. In this case as well as when little denotes age, it is placed immediately before the noun unless there are attributes denoting colour or nationality.
He was naked and painted blue and yellow in stripes — a jolly little chap.
(Galsworthy)
He was a little like Jolly, but eager-looking and less formal... altogether a very interesting little brother. (Galsworthy)
B u t: Mrs. Inchbare’s unloveable hair clung fast round her head in wiry little
yellow curls. (Collins)
A fortnight after it took place, he asked her where was her little French watch
and chain she used to wear. (Thackeray)
II. Post-position of the attribute.
There are some cases when the post-position of the attribute is its normal place, i. e. when it is not emphatic.
1. Most adjectives in ‑able and ‑ible are generally placed after the noun, especially when the noun is preceded by the adjective only or an adjective in the superlative degree: sufferings unspeakable, the only person visible, with all the solemnity possible, the most interesting thing imaginable.
However, a few adjectives with the same suffixes stand before the noun they modify.
He is the only reasonable man here.
She is a sensible little girl.
2. In some stock phrases the adjective is placed after the noun:
wealth untold — несметные богатства
from times immemorial — с незапамятных времен
a poet laureate — поэт-лауреат
generations unborn — грядущие поколения
court martial — военно-полевой суд
sum total — общая сумма
four years running — четыре года подряд
the first person singular — первое лицо единственного числа
the second person plural — второе лицо множественного числа
3. The adjectives proper (собственно, как таковой) and present (присутствующий) are placed after the noun.
We shan’t find anything about sculpture in this book, it deals with architecture
proper.
В этой книге мы не найдем ничего о скульптуре, она посвящена
архитектуре как таковой.
All the people present welcomed Paul Robeson enthusiastically.
Все присутствующие восторженно приветствовали Поля Робсона.
These meanings of proper and present are not to be confused with the meanings of proper and present when used in pre-position, e. g.:
This is not a proper answer to a question of this kind.
Our present task is to preserve peace in the world.
4. Attributes expressed by cardinal numerals denoting the place of the object in a series always follow the noun modified. No article is used in this case: page ten, tram number six, room two.
5. Adjectives stand after indefinite and negative pronouns.
I’d like to read something very interesting.
There is nothing extraordinary in her dress.
I’d like to speak with somebody very clever on the subject.
6. Attributes expressed by prepositional phrases follow the noun modified.
As a gesture of proud defiance he had named his son Francis Nicholas.
(Cronin)
Besides the cases when the post-position of the attribute is its normal (unemphatic) place, there are a few instances when the postposition of an attribute expressed by an adjective serves the purpose of emphasis.
It was with a conscience uneasy that Edwin shut the front door one night a
month later. (Bennett)
In this example we can easily put the attribute before the word modified, but then it will not be prominent.
Whereas the post-position of a single adjective is rather rare, two or more adjectives are often placed after the word modified for the sake of emphasis: these adjectives may or may not be joined by a conjunction.
He gave Annette a look furtive and searching. (Galsworthy)
(“He gave Annette a furtive and searching look” would sound less emphatic.)
All sorts of fancies bright and dark tenanted my mind. (Ch. Bronte)
When two or more attributive adjectives are placed in postposition, their connection with the noun they modify is often loose, i. e. they become detached and are consequently separated by a comma.
When I looked up... there stood the widow, pale, grave, and amazed. (Ch.
Bronte)
The boy inherited his own eyes, large, brilliant and black. (E. Bronte)
When an attribute expressed by an adjective modifies a proper noun or a personal pronoun, it mostly stands in loose connection to it whether it is placed in pre-position or in post-position.
Clare, restless, went out into the dusk. (Hardy)
Pale and constrained, he walked into the room and took his seat at the
window. (Cronin)
§ 7. Position of adverbial modifiers.
An adverbial modifier hardly ever separates the direct object from the predicate. It stands either before the predicate or after the direct object.
Helen heard me patiently to the end. (Ch. Bronte)
We could also very well say: “Helen patiently heard me to the end,” but no other position of the adverbial modifier is possible here, unless it is meant to be emphatic; in this case it is placed at the beginning of the sentence.
However, an adverbial modifier separates the direct object from its verb when the object has an attribute (see § 5).
He knew instinctively the principles of “pyramiding” and “kiting”. (Dreiser)
He could read English but he saw there an alien speech. (London)
1. An adverbial modifier of time is generally placed either at the beginning or at the end of the sentence.
On Tuesday night the new laundrymen arrived, and the rest of the week was
spent breaking them into the routine. (London)
Probably we shall try tomorrow. (Heym)
Adverbial modifiers expressed by the adverbs now and then can be placed in nearly any position.
Tess then remembered that there would have been time for this. (Hardy)
Indeed, anything untoward was now sedulously kept from James
(Galsworthy)
We now slowly ascended a drive and came upon the long front of a house.
(Ch. Bronte)
N o t e. — The hour is generally mentioned before a more general adverbial
modifier of time such as day, night, evening, morning.
At nine in the evening Badly White... opened the door to the room and poked
his head in. (Maltг)
2. An adverbial modifier of place generally stands either at the beginning or at the end of the sentence.
Down in the mill yard a Bessemer furnace was blowing flame into the sky.
(Maltz)
Geodin led the guests into the parlour. (O. Henry)
There it was all spiritual. Here it was all material and meanly material.
(London)
...a library was a most likely place for her, and he might see her there.
(London)