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Module I

Computers and Information Technology

Unit 1

Introduction to Computers

Unit 2

Computer Hardware

Unit 3

Computer Software

Unit 4 The Internet Vocabulary 1. create [krı'eıt] творить, создавать2. network ['netwɜ:k] (инфор.) сеть3. spread [spred] распространять(ся), простирать(ся) 4. share [ʃeə] делиться; поделиться5. transfer ['trænsfɜ:] перемещать, передавать6. backbone ['bækbəυn] главная опора; основа; суть7. maintain [meın'teın] (тех.) обслуживать; содержать в исправности8. provide [prə'vaıd] предоставлять (услуги), давать9. provider (информ.) провайдер, поставщик информационных и коммуникационных услуг10. browse [braυz] просмотреть11. browse facility [fə'sılətı] (компьют.) средство просмотра12. feature ['fi:tʃə] (компьют.) функция, функциональность, опция, (сленг) фича (у программного продукта, системы)13. surf the Internet [sɜ:f] «путешествовать» по Интернету (тж. surf the net)14. etiquette ['etıket] этикетпрофессиональная этика15. netiquette ['netıket] (информ.) сетевой этикет16. flood (with spam) [flʌd] засыпать; заваливать(спамом)17. evaluate [ɪ'væljυeɪt] оценивать4.1. How would you describe what the Internet is? Discuss it with your partner.4.2. Match the terms and their definitions.a) Internet b) World Wide Web c) e-mail1. A global network connecting millions of computers. 2. The transmission of messages over communications networks. 3. A system of Internet servers that support specially formatted documents. 4.3. Now read the text and try to describe the Internet again using the key vocabulary in bold type.Believe it or not, the Internet was created way back in 1969, during the Cold War, by the United States military. It was meant to be a "nuke-proof"(1) communications network. Today, the Internet spreads across the globe and consists of countless networks and computers, allowing millions of people to share information. Data that travels long distances on the Internet is transferred on huge lines known collectively as the Internet backbone. The Internet is now maintained by the Internet service pro-viders.Many people think the Internet and the World Wide Web are the same thing. They're not! The World Wide Web is what you are browse. It is one of the many features of the Internet. E-mail, FTP(2), and Instant Messaging (3) are also features of the Internet.(http://www.sharpened.net)(1) "nuke-proof" устойчивый к воздействию ядерного оружия(2) FTP File Transfer Protocol протокол передачи файлов (используемый в Internet протокол передачи файлов между хост-компьютерами)(3) Instant Messaging система мгновенной передачи текстовых сооб-щений4.4. Interview your partners if they surf the Internet. Use the questions given below. Do you often surf the Internet? Which websites do you usually visit? Do you download any programs from the Internet? If so, what are they? Do you belong to any chat forum? Why? / Why not? What feature of the Internet do you consider the most attractive? Why? What is netiquette? 4.5. Read the passage below and think if you always follow the netiquette. Why? / Why not? Discuss it with your partner.Netiquette, or net etiquette, refers to etiquette on the Internet. Good netiquette involves respecting others' privacy and not doing anything online that will annoy or frustrate other people. Three areas where good netiquette is highly stressed are e-mail, online chat, and newsgroups. For example, people that spam other users with unwanted e-mails or flood them with messages have very bad netiquette. You don't want to be one of those people. If you're new to a newsgroup or online chat room, it may help to observe how people communicate with each other before jumping in.4.6.Think of good and bad points of the Internet and fill in the table. You can work either individually or in pairs. Advantages of the Internet Disadvantages of the Internet 4.7. Read Text A, compare your ideas with information given, and extend the table. How many advantages/disadvantages are there in your table? First, study the vocabulary you may need to understand the text.mankind [mæn'kaɪnd] (n) 1) человечество; человеческий род ['mænkaɪnd] 2) мужчины, мужской полmagnitude ['mæɡnɪtju:d] (n) 1) величина, paзмеры, 2) важность; значимостьoutweigh [̗aυt'weɪ] (v) быть тяжелее, превосходить в весеwealth [welθ] (n) изобилие, избытокtarget ['tɑ:ɡɪt] (n) цельadvent ['ædvent] (n) наступление (какой-л. эпохи, какого-л. события), available [ə'veɪləbl] (adj) доступный; имеющийся в распоряжении, entertainment [̗entə'teɪnmənt] (n) развлечение; зрелищное мероприятиеnumerous ['nju:mǝrəs] (adj) многочисленныйavailable [ə'veɪləbl] (adj) доступный; имеющийся в распоряженииtheft [θeft] (n) воровство, кражаobstruct [əb'strʌkt] (v) препятствовать, затруднять, мешатьprone (adj) подверженный (чему-л.)TEXT AAdvantages and Disadvantages of the InternetThe Internet has been perhaps the most outstanding innovation in the field of communication in the history of mankind. As with every single innovation, the Internet has its own advantages and disadvantages. But usually, greater magnitude of advantages outweighs its disadvantages. Today the Internet has brought a globe in a single room. Right from news across the corner of the world, wealth of information to shopping, purchasing the tickets of your favourite movie.Advantages CommunicationThe main target of the Internet has always been the communication. By the advent of the Internet, our earth has become a global village. Now we can communicate with a person who is sitting in the other part of the world.Information Information is probably the biggest advantage the Internet offers. Students and children are among the top users who surf the Internet for research. Today, it is almost required that students should use the Internet for research purpose of gathering resources. Entertainment Downloading games, visiting chat rooms or just surfing the Web are some of the entertainments. In fact, the Internet has been successfully used by people to find life long partners. When people surf the Web, there are numerous things that can be found. Music, hobbies, news and more can be found and shared on the Internet. Services Many services are now provided on the Internet such as online banking, job seeking, purchasing tickets. Often these services are not available off-line or can cost you more. E-Commerce It has got a really amazing and wide range of products from technology to household needs. Disadvantages Theft of personal information If you use the Internet, you may be facing danger as your personal information such as name, address, credit card number, etc. can be accessed and used by a criminal.SpammingSpamming refers to sending unwanted e-mails, which provide no purpose and obstruct the entire system. Virus threat Computers attached to the Internet are more prone to virus attacks and they can end up into crashing your whole hard disk. PornographyThis is perhaps the biggest threat related to your children’s healthy mental life. (http://www.buzzle.com)4.8. Match the words below to make word partners.1. global a. chat rooms2. surf b. privacy3. visit c. danger4. download d. village5. household e. needs6. face f. disk7. hard g. the Internet8. respect h. games4.9. Now use the word partners to complete these sentences. McLuhan believes that the world is rapidly becoming a ________, in which mankind is interconnected by contemporary technology, especially television and the world wide web. This method will allow you to _________ without leaving any information about what browser you're using, which computer system you have. Many people who ________ use them as a place to discuss their problems and get a kind of a support. People of all ages visit special free sites to safely ___________ of high quality. You are not computer addict, so low-powered computer is suitable for all your _________. How does computer software usually react when it ________ of virus attack? _____ can store anywhere from 20MB to more than 200GB. Sites like Facebook must ___________. They should not tell my friends what I buy on other sites. 4.10. Analyse the “-ing” form words in bold type in Text A. Are they gerunds? Why/Why not?Do you know that…? Because a gerund (base form of VERB+ -ing) acts as a noun, it can be used after prepositions, too. (e.g. That computer programmer is famous for spilling coffee into his keyboard. Complete the sentences, using gerund.1. He never thought of ____.2. This student is very clever at _____.3. I don’t insist on ____.4. We were tired of _____.5. Did you succeed in ____?6. Who is responsible for ____?7. They were grateful for ____.8. He had some difficulty in ____.Now give your own examples.4.11. Work in pairs or in small groups. Discuss if you always trust the information from the Internet? Why/Why not?Now skim Text B and say what the main idea of the text is.4.12. Read Text B and give your ideas on what could help Zack to understand that Professor Butz's Web page wasn't a reliable source of information?(To understand the text better use the vocabulary given below.)TEXT BThe Web – Teaching Zack to ThinkAs more and more students access the Internet for research, it's important that they learn how to validate online information. The Internet is a place where you can find "proof" of almost any belief system that you can imagine. And, for too many students, "If it's on the Internet, it must be true."The following story is also true.Fourteen-year-old Zack was asked to research a unique topic for his history class. Zack knew a bit about using reliable sources on the Internet, so when he found some information on a Web page on the US Northwestern University site he felt sure that he had found a reliable source of information for his project. The topic was unique too–Holocaust Revisionism–Zack had never heard of that before, so he decided to write his history paper on "How the Holocaust Never Happened."Zack found his "information" from a Web page at http://pubweb. northwestern.edu/abutz/ (no longer at this URL), titled "Home Web Page of Arthur R. Butz." On his low-key home page, Butz explained that he wrote "A short introduction to the study of Holocaust revisionism" and that his material was intended for "advanced students of Holocaust revisionism." At the top of the page Butz identified himself as "Associate Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University». His article began with the following: “I see principal reasons for the widespread but erroneous belief in the legend of millions of Jews killed by the Germans during World War II: During both world wars Germany was forced to fight typhus… That was one of the main reasons for a high death rate in the camps, and the crematoria... Look at the above situation from the perspective of a 14-year-old, untrained to think critically about information. He's researching the Holocaust, and suddenly finds this Web page. His teacher told him to find a unique topic, and this certainly fit the bill. The page is simple and clear. It's written in a calm, logical tone. The page is clearly intended for experts in its field. Best of all is the source: Northwestern University! And a professor to boot! Perfect. validate ['vælɪdeɪt] v проверять достоверностьproof [pru:f] (n) доказательствоbelief [bɪ'li:f] (n) убеждение, мнение; вераreliable [rɪ'laɪ əbl] (adj) заслуживающий доверия, достоверныйreliable information – достоверные сведенияreliable source – достоверный, надежный источникlow-key (adj) 1) неброский; сдержанный2) гамма тёмных тоновin a lowkey – в тёмных тонах Associate Professor доцент университетаwidespread ['waɪdspred] (adj) широко распространённыйerroneous [ɪ'rəυnɪəs] (adj) ложный; ошибочный;typhus ['taɪfəs] (n) сыпной тифfit the bill отвечать всем требованиямto boot к общей пользе; вдобавок; к тому же4.13. Now read Text C and check your ideas. (To understand the text better use the vocabulary given below.)TEXT CThinking about What We've FoundThe fact is that students increasingly depend on the Internet for information, so it's important that they develop ways to evaluate their findings. Zack could have used some, or all, of the following techniques to decide whether the site was a reliable source for information.PurposeTry to determine a Web site's purpose. What is it trying to do? Why was it created? Most Web sites are designed to sell services and products, present information, put ideas forward, or entertain. Many sites do several of these at once.A Web site's purpose will not always be clear. Look at Butz's site. His purpose is surely advocacy, although he comes across as an objective information provider, especially in the closing sentence of his article: "Surely any thoughtful person must be skeptical." Would a 14-year-old know how to distinguish between objective information and propaganda?Understand the purpose(s) of a Web site, and that those purpose(s) may not be entirely obvious. Author The next step in validation involves the site's author. We all know that it's easy to fool people. Many people will believe someone if he or she sounds authoritative. Butz is a professor, sure, but he's an Engineering professor. How does that qualify him to speak as an expert on the Holocaust? It doesn't. But people see "Professor" and take what he says seriously.Zack didn't know anything about Butz, but could have researched his background. If Zack ran a search for "Arthur Butz," on the search engine Google, he would find Butz's name on a page titled "Holocaust Deniers" at the Web site for the anti-hate organization HateWatch (http://www.spl-center.org/intel/hatewatch/). Similarly, Zack would find Butz's article at a second hate directory site listed under "A Guide to Hate Groups on the Internet: Hate Books, Newsletters and Articles". Zack would find Butz mentioned negatively in a March 1998 USA Today article titled, "College anti-Semitism on the rise, according to new report." Zack would also find Butz's book described as popular among "anti-Semites" in a review of Deborah Lipstadt's book Denying the Holocaust.If Zack had run this multi-search on Butz, he would have seen how other people categorize Butz' work.Establish the credibility of the author. Meta-Web Information Meta-Web information validates Web pages solely within the context of other Web pages.Let's start with the URL, or address, of a Web page. You need to know when they're accessing a personal home page. Most Internet Service Providers give their subscribers a few megabytes of free space on a Web server to use as they want.Here are two sample URLs: and stefan/>. An experienced Web user knows that both URLs point to personal home pages.In the first example, the word "users" is the user name of someone who accesses the Internet through cdsinet.net. In the second example, focus on the . A tilde () indicates a Web site that has been created by someone given space on a Web server. "stefan" is the user name of someone who accesses the Internet through icon-stl.net.Knowing the above, if Zack had looked at Butz's URL - abutz/index.html> – he'd have seen the , an indicator that this is a personal Web site. Just as Zack can know something about individuals by their clothing, he can learn about a Web site by looking at its URL. Clothing tells us a lot, but the company a person keeps tells us more. Learning how a Web page interacts within the network of all other Web sites is valuable information.Meta-information sources.It is always a good idea to look beyond the Internet for sources of authentic information.evaluate [ɪ'væljυeɪt] (v) оценивать; определять количество, качество и т. п.technique [tek'ni:k] (n) метод; способdetermine [dɪ'tɜ:mɪn] (v) определять; устанавливатьentertain [̗entə'teɪn] (v) развлекать, заниматьadvocacy ['ædvəkəsɪ] (n) 1) защита2) пропаганда (взглядов и т. п.)distinguish [dɪ'stɪŋɡwɪʃ] (v) различать, распознаватьauthoritative [ɔ:'θɒrɪtətɪv] (adj) авторитетный; надёжныйdeny [dɪ'naɪ] (v) отрицать, отвергатьdenier тот, кто что-либо отвергаетcredibility [̗krədə'bɪlətɪ] (n) вероятность, правдоподобиеexperienced [ɪk'spɪərɪənst] опытный, знающийtilde ['tɪldə] (n) (полигр.) тильда (tilde)beyond [bɪ'jɒnd] (prep) за; по ту сторону, внеauthentic [ɔ:'θentɪk] (a) 1) подлинный, аутентичный2) достоверный, верный4.14. Translate the text into English and then finish it. Use the vocabulary from the Texts B,C.Все большее количество студентов используют Интернет как источник информации для своих исследований. Сегодня в Интернете можно найти доказательства любых идей, которые могут прийти вам в голову. А ведь многие считают ту информацию, которая представлена в Интернете вполне достоверной. Но это не так. Поэтому очень важно научиться оценивать достоверность такой информации. Для того чтобы определить является ли сайт надежным источником информации, можно использовать несколько методов: ___________4.15. Write a list of recommendations to help students critically evaluate the reliability of a Web site.4.16. Do the crossword.1. Electronic messages sent to someone over the Internet. 2. Copy information from a web site to your own computer.3. The place on the Internet where a company/organization/etc stores its documents. 4. A system linking millions of documents stored on Internet computers around the world.5. Move form one document or web site to another, to find information.6. Text, image or button that connects to other destination on the web.7. A device that makes connecting to the Internet possible.8. A group of computers joined together. 9. Now provide your own definition. 9 1 o o o o o o o o 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   ...   15

Module II

Fundamentals of Engineering

Unit 5

Engineering

Unit 6

Engineering Materials

Unit 7

Nanotechnology

Unit 8

Robotics

Unit 9

My Faculty

Module III

Job-hunting

Unit 10

Finding a Job

Unit 11

Making a Choice

Unit 12

Working Life

Unit 13

Employment

Unit 14

A Job Interview. CV. A Letter of Application

References


14.7. Write your own letter of application and CV to ‘apply’ for the job you are interested in. This site may help in finding a suitable job:

http://www.connexions.gov.uk/jobs4u
14.8. Here is some advice for those who are unemployed and looking for a job. With a partner, decide whether you think each point is good or bad advice.

  1. Take a holiday before you start looking for a new job.

  2. Looking for a job is the same as doing a job – you need to work full-time on it.

  3. Give yourself a little free time every week to relax.

  4. Use all possible sources of information about job offers.

  5. Apply for as many jobs as possible – even jobs you don't really want.

  6. Phone all the companies whose numbers are in the Yellow Pages and ask if they have a job for you.


14.9. What other advice would you give to someone looking for a job?
14.10. Now listen to the interview, where Bruce Kulp, an American manager, gives his own opinions. What does he think about points 1–6 above? Put T (True) if Bruce agrees with the advice, F (False) if he disagrees and N (Not mentioned) if he doesn’t speak about it.
14.11. Read the passage and answer the questions.
Interview

Interviewers are trained to ask you ‘open’ questions rather than ‘closed’ or ‘Yes/No’ questions. Open questions begin with words like ‘Why’, ‘What’ and ‘How’ or with phrases like ‘Tell me/us about…’ and ‘Describe…’. Here are a few examples:

  1. Tell me about yourself.

  2. What are your strengths?

  3. What are your weaknesses?

  4. What do you do in your spare time?

  5. What do you think you can bring to this position?

  6. Why did you leave your last job?

  7. What were some of the most important things you learned in that job?

  8. How well do you work in a team?

  9. Tell us something about your previous experience and the other jobs you have had.

  10. How have you changed over the last three years?

  11. What sort of salary are you expecting?

  12. What was your best subject at school/university?

  13. What did you like most about that subject?

  14. Tell us about your ambitions.

  15. What would you like to be doing five years from now?

  16. What attracts you about this kind of work?

  17. Why did you apply to us?

  18. How did you find out about this job?

Questions.

  1. Which questions in the passage do you find most difficult to answer yourself? Ask someone three questions your find easy to answer.

  2. Which of the eighteen questions would you probably not ask a very young person who is applying to your company for his or her very first job?

  3. Are there any questions here which you think are strange or which would be unusual in a job interview in your country? Explain why you think they are strange or unusual.

  4. Why do you think open questions are usually better than closed questions at an interview?


14.12. Match the exchanges.

1. So, why do you want to work for us?
2. Why do you think you’d be good at this job?

3. I see. When would you be able to start?
4. Is there anything you would like to ask?

5. Certainly. It’s $1,650 a month.

a) Well, I’m very creative. I mean, I always manage to come up with original ideas.

b) That sounds fine. Thank you.
c) Because it’s a large company and I’m very interested in advertising.

d) Yes. I’d like to know what the salary is.

e) I could start any time after 1st September.

14.13. Use Why, What, How or some other word to make these questions open.

Model: Do you know anything about this company?

What do you know about this company?

1. Do you know anything about this kind of work?

2. Were you good at any subjects at school?

3. Do you want to work for us?

4. Are you interested in this kind of work?

5. Have you done something before that will help you to do this job?

6. Do you think you would be good at this kind of work?

14.14. What should you do to be successful in a job interview? Make a list under these headings.

1. Before the interview

2. During the interview

3. After the interview
14.15. Compare your list with other students. Do you have the same points?
14.16. Read the advice. Tick the points in your list that are mentioned.

How to Get that Job
Before the interview

  1. Find out as much as you can about the company.

  2. Think about questions which the interviewer might ask you. Plan how to answer them.

  3. Dress smartly.

  4. Don’t be late. If you are very early, have a coffee at a local café and look at your notes.

  5. Switch off your mobile and take two or three slow, deep breaths before you go in.
During the interview

  1. When you walk in, shake hands firmly with the interviewer, look them in the eyes, and say ‘Pleased to meet you’.

  2. Answer the questions in a confident, firm voice. Don’t speak too quietly, too quickly or be too hesitant.

  3. Answers should not be one word or one sentence, but also should not be too long.

  4. When answering questions, maintain eye contact with the interviewer. If there is more than one interviewer, give them equal attention.

  5. Give clear, direct answers to questions. If you don’t know something, say so.

  6. Don’t lie.

  7. At the end of the interview you might be asked: “Are there any questions that you would like to ask us?” Make sure you have one or two good questions ready.

  8. Above all be positive and show enthusiasm for the job.
After the interview

If you don’t answer a question well in the interview, don’t be afraid to phone up soon afterwards and say something like: “I don’t think I explained myself very well in the interview. What I wanted to say was…” This will show enthusiasm and it will remind them of you.
14.17. Read the advice again. Answer the questions:

  1. What research do you need to do before the interview?

  2. What kind of clothes should you wear to the interview?

  3. What should you do if you arrive very early?

  4. What should you do just before you enter the interview room?

  5. What should you do and say when you meet the interviewer?

  6. How long should your answers to questions be?

  7. How should you answer questions?

  8. Where should you look when you answer questions?

  9. What should your general attitude in the interview be?

  10. What should you do after the interview?

14.18. Discuss the following:

1. Do you disagree with any of the points? If so, which ones? Why?

2. Do you think you are good or bad at job interviews? Why?
14.19. You want a job. Answer the following questions:

  1. Have you decided what sort of job you really want?

  2. Have you spoken to anyone who does the sort of job you would like to do?

  3. Have you found out anything about the companies you would like to work for?

  4. Have you spoken to anyone who works for these companies?

  5. Have you done anything in the last year which has developed your skills?

  6. Do you regularly read the business pages of newspapers or professional journals?

  7. Have you talked to a recruitment agency that specializes in your area of work?

  8. Have you written or updated your Curriculum Vitae in the last six months?


14.20. Act out a dialogue A job interview.



References





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  8. Полякова Т.Ю., Синявская Е.В. Английский язык для инженеров. – М.: Высш. шк., 2002.

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АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС

Elementary (A2)

часть 2

Методические указания


В авторской редакции

Выпускающий редактор И.П. Брованова

Компьютерная верстка С.И. Ткачева

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