paring with the old system?
XI. Выучите следующие диалоги:

Диалог № 1

• 
  What is the type of the hatch covering system on board your ship?
  
• 
  We cover the hatches with wooden hatchboards since our ship is very old. It was built in
  

1997.

• 
  I see. How much does it take your men to close or open the hatches?
  
• 
  It takes them fifteen minutes per each hatch. As we have four hatches, our crewmen
  

spend about an hour for closing or opening them.

Диалог №2

• 
  What ship did you load yesterday?
  
• 
  The “Leningrad”.
  
• 
  Is it of an old or modern design?
  

• 
  It is quite modern.
  
• 
  How do they handle hatch coverings?
  
• 
  They use the modern form of hatch covering.
  
• 
  What system?
  
• 
  Mc. Gregor system.
  
• 
  Do they handle by manpower?
  
• 
  Certainly not. The covers are hauled over runways by wires attached to winches.
  
• 
  What’s the time required for closing or opening the hat­ches?
  
• 
  About two minutes per hatch.
  
• 
  Comparing with the old type of hatch covering, we can see very substantial advantages
  

of the modern system over the old one.

• 
  Quite agree with you.
  

---

§ 5. THE SEAPORT OF LENINGRAD
The port of Leningrad is very big. It is situated on the Neva delta island. Navigation is maintained all the year round, but from the end of November till the 20th of April ice-breakers assist the ships to enter the port. When proceeding to the seaport of Leningrad, Master should inform “Inflot” Agency the time of arrival, ship’s last port of call, description and quantity of cargo per hold to be delivered or of cargo to be shipped in Leningrad, description of explosive cargoes or of chemicals on board if any, location and weights of heavy lifts if any, number of passengers, ship’s draught and length, and any services required of the port. The port has various cargo-handling appliancies and among them mobile cranes, forklift trucks, straddle carriers, conveyors, hand trucks, quay cranes. There are some general-purpose machines which help to lift, convey, stack, turn, invert, shift and rotate loads. Some goods, for example, heavy logs, extraweights and long pieces of cargo require an appliance with a good jib outstretch and maximum jib height. Cargo turnover of the Leningrad port exceeds 8 mln tons. Forty six berths of the port with depths up to 11.5 m. are used to handle such cargoes as generals, bulk car­goes (ore, coal, minerals, grain, building materials), sugar, metals, oil products, timber, lumber. There are single and multi­floor warehouses, an elevator, cold store and concrete-floor sheds in the port. A large number of mobile electric portal cranes of up to 45 tons capacity are operated along the quays line. Apart from that, there are shore and floating coal-and grain-loaders, floating cranes of up to 100 tons capacity and numerous other cargo-handling machinery and equipment and intra-port transport facilities. Port’s berths and warehouses are linked with railways and highways. The officials at the Chief Controller’s office direct cargo-work in the sea-port as a whole. Apart from that there are three more Controller’s offices situated in port regions. The steve­dores accomplish supervision of cargo-works on board ships.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЯ
navigation is maintained all the year round – навигация поддерживается в тече­ние всего года

heavy lift = extraweight – тяжеловес

... any services required of the port – любые услуги, требующиеся от порта

cargo-handling appliances – приспособления для обработки груза

mobile crane – подвижный кран

quay crane – береговой кран

floating crane – плавучий кран

fork lift truck – автопогрузчик

straddle carrier – кран для перегрузки контейнеров

hand truck – ручная тележка

general-purpose machine – механизмы общего назначения

long pieces of cargo – длинномеры

jib outstretch – вынос стрелы

jib height – высота подъема стрелы

cargo turnover – грузооборот

capacity – мощность; зд. грузоподъемность

Chief Controller's office – главная диспетчерская

as a whole – в целом

concrete floor sheds – навесы с бетонным полом

intra-port transport facilities – внутрипортовые транспортные средства
СЛОВА, ПОДЛЕЖАЩИЕ АКТИВНОМУ УСВОЕНИЮ
to situate, to proceed, agency, arrival, description, quantity, to ship, location, heavy lift, to equip, quay, turnover, floating crane, cargo handling machi­nery, highway, intraport transport facilities.

---

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ
I. Выберите из колонки необходимые предлоги:

1. 
   

   I. along II. in III. with IV. of V. to VI. till VII. from VIII. on IX. at

   This port is situated … the big island.
   
2. 
   Ice-breakers assist the ships to enter the port … the end of November.
   
3. 
   The delta of the Neva will be covered with heavy ice … April.
   
4. 
   Proceed … Odessa.
   
5. 
   Inform location and weights … heavy lifts.
   
6. 
   This ship is equipped … electric rotating cranes.
   
7. 
   There are an elevator and two cold stores … the port.
   
8. 
   How many portal cranes are operated … the quays line?
   
9. 
   Heavy logs require a derrick or crane … a good jib outstretch.
   
10. 
    This ship has arrived … London.
    

II. Составьте правильные по смыслу предложения:

Navigation The port of Odessa The port of Archangelsk Where What The heavy lift

is

maintained all the year round Chief Controller’s office? equipped with modern machinery your first port of call? very big

III. Справедливы ли следующие утверждения?

Если да, ответьте "It’s right”, если нет, ответьте “It’s wrong”:

1. 
   In the port of Archangelsk navigation is maintained all the year round without
   

ice-breakers.

2. 
   Cargo-turnover of the Leningrad port is 8 mln tons.
   
3. 
   The lifting capacity of ship’s derricks is 10 tons each.
   
4. 
   There are no powerful floating cranes in the port of Lenin­grad.
   
5. 
   The stevedores accomplish supervision of cargo works on board ships.
   

IV. Используя образец, поставьте вопросы к следующим предло­жениям:

Образец: Navigation was suspended (прекращать) because of heavy ice. (Why?)

Why was navigation suspended?

1. 
   Ice-breakers assist the ships to enter the port from Novem­ber till April. (When?)
   
2. 
   There are two heavy-lifts in hold No 2. (How many?)
   
3. 
   The m/v “Ivan Moskvin” is berthed at quay No 1. (Where?)
   
4. 
   There are multifloor warehouses in the port of Leningrad. (What?)
   
5. 
   Stevedores direct and supervise cargo works on board ships. (Who?)
   

V. Задайте вопросы по образцу:

Образец. Ask him if the port of Mourmansk is equip­ped with modern machinery.

Is the port of Mourmansk equipped with modern machinery?

1. 
   Ask him if navigation is maintained all the year round.
   
2. 
   Ask him if any ice-breakers assist the ships to enter the port.
   
3. 
   Ask him if he is a stevedore.
   
4. 
   Ask them if they have any heavy-lifts in the hold.
   
5. 
   Ask the captain what his last port of call was.
   
6. 
   Ask the Cargo Officer if he is responsible for efficiently stowage of cargo.
   
7. 
   Ask them who supervised loading yesterday.
   
8. 
   Ask the Cargo Officer when you may come to inspect (осмотреть) the holds before
   

commencement of loading.

9. 
   Ask the Chief Officer how many gangs he wants to work simultaneously (одновременно).
   
10. 
    Ask him what cargo-turnover of the Leningrad port is.
    

VI. Выразите необходимость совершения действия при помощи

---

модального глагола

should.

Образец: Вам следует предупредить нас о количестве тяжеловесов на борту.

You should warn us about the number of heavy lifts on board.

1. 
   Вам надо доставить груз на причал
   
2. 
   Капитану следует сообщить агенту время прибытия.
   
3. 
   Они должны указать количество груза в каждом трюме.
   
4. 
   Грузовой помощник должен обеспечить очистку трюмов.
   
5. 
   Вам надо грузить судно до осадки 20 футов.
   

VII. Переведите следующие предложения из действительного за­лога в страдательный:

Образец:The engineers will equip the port with modern cargo-handling appliances.

The port will be equipped with modern cargo-handling appliances.

1. 
   The stevedore wiil call for a floating crane.
   
2. 
   They will load six heavy lifts.
   
3. 
   The dockers wiil lift the locomotive with a quay crane.
   
4. 
   They will use hand trucks.
   
5. 
   Ocean-going ships will use only berths with depths up to 12 metres.
   

VIII. Кратко расскажите о морском порте.
IX. Выучите диалоги:

Диалог № 1

• 
  How long is navigation maintained in the port of Lenin­grad?
  
• 
  All the year round.
  
• 
  But in winter?
  
• 
  When the Neva and the Gulf of Finland are covered with ice, ice-breakers assist the
  

ships to enter the port.

Диалог №2

• 
  Is your port equipped with good modern cargo-handling appliances?
  
• 
  It is.
  
• 
  What appliances do you use while loading general cargo such as bales, bags, cases?
  
• 
  Do you mean conveying them from warehouses?
  
• 
  Not only. I mean conveying and loading cargoes into holds.
  
• 
  We convey cargo pieces from warehouses by fork-lift trucks and load cargoes into holds
  

by quay cranes.

Диалог № 3

• 
  Have you any general-purpose machines?
  
• 
  Certainly, we have.
  
• 
  What kind of cargo-operations can those machines do?
  
• 
  Many. They help us to turn, lift, lower, stack, shift, convey, invert and rotate cargo pieces.
  
• 
  It’s clear. Thank you.
  

Диалог №4

• 
  How do you convey cargoes unloaded on berths to the dis­tant warehouses?
  
• 
  By intra-port transport facilities.
  
• 
  Do you mean lorries?
  
• 
  You see, all the distant warehouses are linked with port berths by railways and highways,
  

so for this purpose we use car­riages (вагоны) and lorries as well.


§ 6. WAREHOUSES AND SHEDS
Cargoes which must be carried by ships are usually delivered to a port prior to ship’s arrival. So on ship’s mooring they waste no time and loading operations may begin immediately. Cargoes are of different types and value and most of them are to be stored in special warehouses and sheds. This storing protects cargoes from any damage caused by sun rays, snow, rain and by some other factors. Only a few kinds of machinery and equipment packed in boxes can be placed on quays without roof protection. Warehouses and sheds are used for storing cargoes during any periods of time before they are conveyed to the quays and loaded on board ships. There are single-floor-, two-floor- and multifloor sheds and warehouses in a modern port. In the warehouses special care should be taken to ensure even distribution of natural and artificial lighting. Walls, roofs and columns should be painted in light colours. Floors must be strong and they must withstand considerable weight of the packages stowed. The construction of warehouses and sheds must be such as to avoid the difficulty in arranging the flow of cargoes from the various floors without interruption. Clearances between the packages stowed in the space of the warehouse must be quite sufficient for free shifting and trimming the cargo. Perishable goods such as fish, meat, fruits, vegetables, paultry, butter and some other goods are kept in port cold-stores. Port’s warehouses and sheds are linked with quays by railways and asphalt roads. This makes transportation of goods from the warehouses to the ships easy and convenient.

---

ПРИМЕЧАНИЯ
warehouse – склад

shed – навес

prior to ship’s arrival – до прибытия судна

without roof protection – зд. без укрытия, без крыши

single-floor – одноэтажный

multifloor – многоэтажный

special care should be taken – следует уделить особое внимание

even distribution – равномерное распределение

natural lighting – естественное освещение

artificial lighting – искусственное освещение

СЛОВА ДЛЯ АКТИВНОГО УСВОЕНИЯ
to deliver, prior to, to moor, value, to store, warehouse, shed, to protect, to pack, to carry, distribution, lighting, to withstand, clearance, to shift, to trim, to link
УПРАЖНЕНИЯ
I. Образуйте существительные от следующих глаголов при помо­щи суффикса -tion

и переведите их:

to transport, to operate, to protect, to distribute, to construct, to interrupt.
II. Вставьте необходимые предлоги: in, of, on, from, with

1. 
   Most ... cargoes are very valuable.
   
2. 
   What cargoes do you store ... the ware­houses?
   
3. 
   This is a fragile cargo, so protect it ... crushing.
   
4. 
   Don’t slow this cargo piece ... the second floor since its weight is over 4 tons.
   
5. 
   This multifloor shed is linked ... the quays by railway.
   

III. Образуйте глаголы от следующих существительных:

arrival, mooring, protection, distribution, operation, interrup­tion
IV. Справедливы ли следующие утверждения.

Если справедливы, ответьте "It’s right’’, если нет — “It’s wrong”:

1. 
   Cargoes which must be carried by ships are usually deli­vered to a port after ship’s arrival.
   
2. 
   Loading operations usually begin on ship’s mooring.
   
3. 
   Perishable goods are stored on quays without protection from sun rays and rain.
   
4. 
   Roof protection is necessary for the equipment packed in boxes.
   
5. 
   Warehouses have no artificial lightning.
   
6. 
   Floors of the warehouses must withstand considerable weight of heavy lifts.
   
7. 
   Sufficient clearances between the cargo-pieces should be left to ensure free shifting and
   

trimming the cargo.
V. Выразите долженствование при помощи глагола to be + инфи­нитив с частицей to:

Образец:We store valuable cargoes in special warehouses.

Valuable cargoes are to be stored in special warehouses.

1. 
   They store some equipment without roof protection.
   
2. 
   The workers pack medicine instruments in boxes.
   

3. 
   The dry-cargo ships carry lorries on deck.
   
4. 
   The dockers load barrels on the bottom of hold No 4.
   
5. 
   They use single-floor sheds for storing transit cargoes.
   

VI. Подберите к словам в левой колонке слова из правой колонки, соответ-

ствующие им по смыслу:

cargoes to carry prior to arrive to moor to store shed clearance to store to shift

I. to transport II. goods III. to berth IV. to keep V. warehouse VI. to come VII. before VIII. to put IX. space X. to move

---

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