мелкими грузовыми местами (small packages).
VIII. Выберите из скобок те слова, которые соответствуют смыс­лу каждого

предложения:

1. 
   The stevedore supervises (а—mooring operations; b—cargo work).
   
2. 
   The cargo-officer is responsible for (a—proper state of warehouses; b—efficient handling and stowage of cargo).
   
3. 
   They transport perishable goods (a—to the sheds; b—to the cold-store).
   
4. 
   The holds must be (a—well aired; b—well moistened) befo­re loading.
   
5. 
   Scuppers and bilges must be (a—free; b—chocked).
   

IX. Выучите диалоги:

Д и а л о г № 1

Stevedore. — Good morning, Siri I’ve come to inspect the holds before loading.

Cargo Officer. — You are welcome! What hold shall we begin with?

S. — Let’s begin with No 1.

C. 0. — This way, please.

Диалог № 2

S. — I have some claims on the state of the hold.

С. O. — What’s wrong?

S. — The hold space is not well aired and some sections of bilges contain water.

С. O. — The hold was partly ventillated but due to rain we had to stop airing. The bilges will

be cleared in an hour.

Диалог №3

S. — What’s there in the right corner of tweendeck?

С. O. — Let me see! Oh! It’s some dunnage remained from a previous cargo.

S. — But this dunnage is wet and badly stained. I can’t use it, Send it on deck, please.

Диалог №4

S. — We are ready to begin loading. Are the holds well swept?

C. O. — Yes, they are.

S. — I’m sorry, they aren’t. There is some residue of grain mixed with sawdust on the limber

boards. Please, sweep the flooring better.

С. O. — All right! I’ll tell the boatswain to do it. Let’s go to the fore holds.

Диалог № 5

S. — This dunnage is unsuitable for cotton cargo.

C. O. — Why not?

S. — Because it’s wet, stained and partly damaged.

C. O. — But dry and unstained wooden dunnage is handy just over there!

S. — Sorryl I haven’t seen it. We’ll use it.

Диалог № 6

Stevedore. — I can’t accept the longitudinal shifting boards in such a state.

Second Mate. — What’s wrong?

S. — They are not grain-tight since there are some spaces between the individual, boards.

S. M.— Don’t worry. Mr. Stevedore! Grain will not flow through these narrow spaces.

S. — It will quite easily. Moreover some boards are not made of sound timber. Have a look

at these upper ones! They are thin and rotten (гнилые). You have to replace them.

S. M. — But we have no better boards available. Can you get any?

S. — I’m not sure. Apply to Inflot, please, probably they will help you. But I’m afraid it’ll delay

loading. I can’t load bulk grain without properly erected shifting boards.

S. M. — I’ll call up Inflot Agency at once.

§ 8. CARGOES
Cargoes carried by ships are of two kinds: bulk cargoes and general cargoes. Bulk cargoes may be either solid (grain, ore, coal, green sugar, sulphur) or liquid (oil products, wine, fresh water, spirits). All bulk cargoes are usually shipped in bulk wit­hout tare. General cargoes represent various goods differently packed. Goods packed in bags, cases, bales and drums are consi­dered as general cargoes. For example, if green sugar is shipped in the hold without tare, in bulk, it is a bulk cargo and if it is packed in bags, we can consider it as general cargo.

It frequently happens that some varieties of cargo are carried on deck. It is to be understood that in this case “on deck” means on an uncovered space and that the cargo is exposed to weather.

Many classes of dangerous goods, such as acids and gas cy­linders are carried on deck. Small consignments of goods which may damage other cargo are also given deck stowage. Cargo carried on deck is shipped at “shipper’s risk”, unless contracted otherwise, and Bills of Lading are qualified accordingly, but ne­vertheless responsibility falls upon the ship to counteract to any possibility of loss and damage. Proper means of fastening the cargo must be provided by lashings; protection from the sun and weather can be obtained by the use of tarpaulins where necessary for certain cargoes. All reasonable amounts of wooden dunnage must be laid to provide drainage courses. Units of especially heavy cargo are frequently carried on deck. Locomotives, lorries, crates of heavy machinery such as transformers and extremely large lengths of heavy timber (logs) find suitable stowage on deck. These cargoes will require wire and chain lashings con­nected to ring bolts and provided with bottle screws for tightening and shoring with timber, and the building of cradles and beds.

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ПРИМЕЧАНИЯ
bulk cargo – насыпной, навалочный груз

in bulk – насыпью

solid cargo – твёрдый груз

liquid cargo – жидкий груз

differently packed – раздельно упакованный

green sugar – сахар-сырец

to give deck stowage – укладываться на палубе

unless contracted otherwise – если в договоре не указано иначе

to counteract – нейтрализовать; зд. предусмотреть

drainage course – направление для стока жидкости

shoring with timber – закрепление подпорками

to be provided by lashings – должно быть обеспечено найтовыми

ring bolt – рым-болт

bottle screw – стержневой винт

СЛОВА, ПОДЛЕЖАЩИЕ АКТИВНОМУ УСВОЕНИЮ
cargo, bulk cargo, liquid cargo, solid cargo, to ship, tare, uncovered space, consignment, to counteract, to provide, lashings, to tighten, shoring.
УПРАЖНЕНИЯ
I. К какому слову из перечисленных в колонке не подходят опре­деления "heavy” и “large”?

1. heavy

a) cargo b) timber c) ore d) exercise e) weight

2. large

a) package b) locomotive c) room d) scientist

II. Какое слово не соответствует данному ряду?

1. 
   grain, coal, ore, sugar, wine, sand;
   
2. 
   water, oil, petroleum, spirits, cotton;
   
3. 
   bags, cases, crates, dunnage, drums;
   
4. 
   locomotive, pallet, lorry, car;
   
5. 
   lashing, rope, chain, sling, tarpaulin.
   

III. Переведите следующие предложения в страдательный залог:

Образец 1.We pack various goods differently.

Various goods are packed differently.

1. 
   They ship green sugar and grain in bulk.
   
2. 
   We often carry some heavy lifts on deck.
   
3. 
   The dockers use quay cranes while loading big packages.
   
4. 
   We need wire and chain lashing for tightening deck cargo.
   
5. 
   Sometimes tankers carry solid cargoes.
   

Образец 2.They must supervise loading.

Loading must be supervised.

1. 
   We must not expose this cargo to weather.
   
2. 
   The workers must pack the bales of cotton tightly.
   
3. 
   You may load bulk grain without tare.
   
4. 
   The floating-crane can load the locomotive from the lighter.
   

IV. Образуйте прилагательные от глаголов при помощи суффик­сов -able и переве-

дите их на русский язык:

to suit, to reason, to consider, to move, to perish, to value.
V. Какое значение имеет слово green в следующих сочетаниях:

green years

sugar

grass

boy
VI. К словам в левой колонке подберите близкие им по смыслу слова из правой колонки:

---

1)	different	a)	difficult; b) dangerous; c) various
2)	frequently	a)	quickly; b) often; c) fast
3)	to load	a)	to ship; b) to stow; c) to fasten
4)	to protect	a)	to inspect; b) to provide; c) to defend
5)	to oppose	a)	to connect; b) to contract; c) to counteract
6)	to get	a)	to obtain; b) to let; c) to take
7)	extremely	a)	heavily; b) seldom; c) very
8)	to require	a)	to demand; b) to command; c) to accept

VII. Поставьте вопросы к выделенным словам:

1. 
   If we carry cargo on deck, it means that the cargo is ex­posed to weather.
   
2. 
   We have given deck stowage to the goods that may damage other cargo.
   
3. 
   Responsibility falls upon the ship for any loss and damage.
   
4. 
   Big agricultural machinery find suitable stowage on deck.
   
5. 
   Some cargoes will require bottom stowage.
   

---

VIII. Составьте предложения, в которых бы встречались выра­жения:

deck stowage; bottom stowage; tweendeck stowage
IX. Какие словосочетания неправильны?

to pack a) in bags

b) in bulk

c) in bottles

d) in tare
X. Справедливы ли следующие утверждения?

Если да, ответьте "It’s right”, если нет, ответьте “It’s wrong”:

1. 
   Grain is shipped in bulk.
   
2. 
   Cotton is packed in boxes.
   
3. 
   Sulphur is carried in bulk.
   
4. 
   Gas cylinders are carried together with oil.
   
5. 
   Sugar is always given deck stowage.
   
6. 
   The ship is responsible for loss and damage to cargo.
   
7. 
   Locomotives require chain lashings for fastening and reli­able shoring with timber.
   

11. 
    Дополните следующие предложения, выбрав соответствую­щие слова и выра-
    

жения, данные ниже:

1. 
   Green sugar is carried (насыпью).
   
2. 
   Deck cargo (подвергается влиянию погодных условий).
   
3. 
   Deck cargoes are shipped (на риск грузоотправителя).
   
4. 
   Responsibility (падает на), the ship.
   
5. 
   Heavy lifts are fastened with (найтовыми).
   

7. 
   Переведите на английский язык:
   

1. 
   Навалочные и генеральные грузы перевозятся сухогруз­ными судами.
   
2. 
   Танкеры обычно перевозят зерно и сахар-сырец.
   
3. 
   Танкеры обычно перевозят жидкие грузы такие как: прес­ная вода, нефтепродукты, растительное масло.
   
4. 
   Грузите этот груз навалом.
   
5. 
   Иногда некоторые грузы перевозятся на палубе.
   
6. 
   Небольшие партии груза, которые могут повредить другой груз, также укладываются на палубу.
   
7. 
   Палубный груз грузится на риск грузоотправителя, если это не оговорено в договоре иначе.
   
8. 
   Ответственность за перевозку груза падает на судно.
   
9. 
   Брезенты защищают груз от солнца, дождя и снега.
   
10. 
    Необходимо уложить деревянную подстилку на палубу для того, чтобы обеспе чить сток воды.
    
11. 
    Тяжеловесы требуют тросовых и цепных найтовых для за­крепления на палубе.
    
12. 
    Тяжеловесы очень часто укладываются на палубе.
    
13. 
    Подкрепите этот ящик деревянными подпорками.
    
14. 
    Грузовые машины надо закрепить цепными найтовымн, соединенными со скобами.
    

7. 
   Ответьте на вопросы:
   

1. 
   What do you call “general cargoes”?
   
2. 
   What is understood by the term “bulk cargo”?
   
3. 
   Name solid and liquid bulk cargoes.
   
4. 
   Is sugar in bags considered as bulk cargo?
   
5. 
   What cargoes are sometimes carried on deck?
   
6. 
   Why are some dangerous cargoes given deck stowage?
   
7. 
   What do you call “deck cargo”?
   
8. 
   Whom does responsibility for cargoes carried on deck fall upon?
   
9. 
   How are cargoes carried on deck protected from damage?
   
10. 
    How will you provide “drainage courses” when there are some deck cargoes on board ship?
    
11. 
    How will you tighten the locomotives carried on deck?
    
12. 
    What do the words “lashing”, “tightening”, “fastening” and “shoring” mean?
    

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XIV. Выучите диалоги:

Диалог № 1

• 
  What cargoes are carried by ships?
  
• 
  Bulk and general cargoes.
  
• 
  What solid bulk cargoes do you know?
  
• 
  Grain, sugar and the like.
  
• 
  What cargoes are classified as liquid ones?
  
• 
  Oil products, spirits, salad oil and so on.
  

Диалог №2

• 
  What cargoes are shipped on deck?
  
• 
  Usually units of especially heavy cargo but sometimes small consignments of goods which may damage other cargo in holds.
  
• 
  And what about dangerous goods?
  
• 
  Most acids packed in carboys are also carried on deok.
  

Диалог № 3

• 
  There are ten lorries to be stowed on deck. How will you fasten them?
  
• 
  By wire and chain lashings.
  
• 
  Suppose the lorries will require additional shoring with timber since the storm is expected.
  
• 
  Right you are! We’ll shore all of them.
  

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