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U n it 2 5

Afaux pas (noun) a socially embarrassing mistake joie de vivre (noun) great enjoyment of life

deja vu (noun) the feeling that you have already experienced what is happening now fait accompli (noun) something that has happened and can't be changed

carte blanche (noun) complete freedom to take whatever action you want

entre nous (adj/adv) used to say that something should be a secret 'between ourselves' en route (adv) on the way to or from somewhere

nuance (noun) a very small difference in meaning, appearance, etc.

Bdoppelganger (noun) a person who looks exactly like you but is not related to you realpolitik (noun) practical politics, decided by immediate needs rather than by principle wanderlust (noun) the wish to travel far and to many different places

Cincommunicado (adj) not communicating with anyone maiiana (adv) some time in the future

El Nino or El Niiio (noun) an unusual current in the Pacific Ocean that temporarily changes world weather patterns

ocognoscente (noun) a person who has a lot of specialist knowledge, particularly of the arts - plural: cognoscenti

prima donna (noun) someone who thinks they are special and should be treated in a special way

Ebonsai (noun) a very small tree that has been stopped from growing to its full size kimono (noun) a loose piece of outer clothing with side sleeves

origami (noun) making decorative objects by folding paper

Ffeng shui (noun) an ancient Chinese belief that the way your house is built and the way that you arrange objects affects success, health and happiness

lychee (noun) a fruit with a rough brown shell and sweet white flesh

typhoon (noun) a violent wind which has a circular motion, found in the West Pacific Ocean

. 1 French:

denouement /deI'nu:mo:lJ/ (noun) the end of a book or play where everything is explained nouvelle cuisine /,nu:velkwI'zi:nI (noun) a style of cooking in which a small amount of food is served in an attractive pattern on the plate

Chinese:

gingseng /'d3IllSelJ/ (noun) the root of a tropical plant used to improve health kumquat /'kAmkwot/ (noun) a small, oval orange-coloured fruit

Italian:

diva /'di:v;:)/ (noun) a famous female singer

sotto voce /,sot;:)u'v;:)utfeI/ (adjective) said in a very quiet voice

German:

ersatz /'e;:)srets/or /'e;:)zo:ts/ (adjective) describes something used instead of something else because the original is rare or too expensive

schadenfreude /'fo:d;}n,fr:JId;:)/ (noun) a feeling of pleasure you get when something bad happens to someone else

Japanese:

haiku /'hmku:/ (noun) a poem made up of 17 syllables only ninja /'mnd3;:)/ (noun) a Japanese sword-carrying fighter

Spanish:

macho /'mretf;:)u/ (adjective) behaving forcefully and without emotion in a way that was thought typical of a man

pronto /'pront;:)u/ (adjective) quickly and at once

English Pronunciation in Use (Advanced)

161

2 5.2

1

d

I,bet 'nwo:rl

 

 

5 c l'kontr;}to:IJI

 

2 g

l,b:zsel'ebr;}1

 

 

6 h I,o:n' swi:tl

 

3

a

Id;}[I'g3:rl

 

 

7 b l,n6:nd;}'plu:m/

 

4

f

l,kli:o:n'teV

 

 

8 e I,srevwo:'fe;}rl

2 5.3

glasnost I'glresnostl (noun) a policy of making government more open and accountable to its

 

people

 

 

 

 

 

intelligentsia Im,teh'd3entsi;}1 (noun) the highly educated people in a society who are interested

 

in arts and politics

 

 

 

 

 

politburo I'poht ,bju;}r;}ul (noun) the main governing group in a Communist country

 

samovar /' srem;}vo:rl (noun) a large metal container used to heat water for tea

 

troika l'tr:JIbl (noun) a group of three powerful politicians

 

U n it 2 6

 

 

 

 

2 6. 1

(Speaker A = Spain)

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

 

A: Where are you going?

 

 

b

B: BLair. 6/

 

 

2

 

A: When?

 

 

IS

B: Yes, I grew up there. /w/

 

 

3

 

A: Why?

 

 

11

B: Yes, a new umbrella. /w/

 

 

4

 

A: Who is he?

 

 

IZ

B: He asked me for one. U

 

 

5

 

A: Have you got cousins there, too?

Z

B: Tomorrow afternoon. /w/

 

 

6

 

A: How will you get there?

 

 

'1

B: I'll stay a week. U

 

 

7

 

A: How long will it take?

 

 

I

B: To Austria. /w/

 

 

8

 

A: Have you been there before?

6

B: No, they all live in France. /'1/

 

 

9

 

A: How long will you be there?

10

B: It's too expensive. /w/

 

10

 

A: Why don't you stay longer?

'3

B: To see Adam. 6/

 

11

 

A: Will you take Adam a present?

7

B: A few hours. /w/

26.2

12

 

A: Why an umbrella?

 

 

lj

B: MLuncle. U

Possible /rl links are marked.

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

 

He's got a finger in every pie. (= be involved in and have influence over many different

 

 

 

 

activities; usually used in a disapproving way)

 

 

 

2

It's in the natu f things.

(= usual and expected)

 

 

 

3

She's without a ca!!...in the-

world. (= without any worries)

 

 

4 It's as clear as mud. (= difficult to understand; usually used in humorous way)

 

 

5

It's the law of the jungle.

 

(= the idea that people who care only about themselves will be

 

 

 

 

most likely to succeed in a society or organisation)

 

 

 

6 Let's focus on the matter in hand.

(= the subject or situation being discussed)

 

 

7 Is that your idea of a joke? (= what you consider to be a joke)

 

 

8 He's a creature of habit. (

= he always does the same thing in the same way)

 

 

9 Pride comes before a fall.

(= if you are too confident about your abilities, something bad will

happen showing that you are not as good as you think)

10 Get your act together! (= organise yourself more effectively)

162

English Pronunciation in Use (Advanced)

The answers and the sentences on the recording are given.

1

lock I lot

back I bat

 

The house is a lot safer now we've got a new back door.

2

play I played

park I part

 

 

We played tennis in the park near my home last weekend.

3

hit I hid

 

trick I trip

 

First he hit David on the head and then tried to trick Maggie into giving him money.

4

 

like I light

planned I plan

 

The room is painted a light green, but I plan to change it soon.

5

right I ride

 

road I robe

 

We took a right turn, and went along the road by the sea.

Follow-up

Mr Brookes would probably have disapproved of 'It's the law of the jungle.' and 'Is that your idea of a joke?' People who have strong feelings that language should be used 'correctly' often see the insertion of a Irl sound in contexts like this as an example of 'lazy' speech. However, the majority of people don't disapprove.

U n it 2 7

1A: He's leaving now.

2A: We're arriving at ten.

3A: I haven't got any money on me.

4 A: Do you think it'd be okay to camp here?

5A: You should've taken the job.

6 A: I suppose you've heard Kathy's idea?

7A: I'm starving.

(Australia)

IL{ b Z 7

S

B: Let's ask the farmer.

B: I thought he'd gone already. B: Yes, I think it's ridiculous. B: It'll be good to see you.

B: Well, let's eat now.

B: Don't worry. I've got my credit card. B: You're right. I should.

1

My feet'll get wet because my shoes've got holes in.

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

There's no butter, but this'll do instead.

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

I'm sure Ann'd help if she could.

 

 

 

 

 

 

4

How'd they know we'd be there? (Note that 'did' in 'How did . . . ' is less likely to be

 

contracted than other words in this exercise.)

 

 

 

 

 

 

5

Adam's phoned to say he isn't ready to go yet, but he'll call again when he is.

6 There've been four parcels delivered for you while you've been away.

 

 

7 What'll you do if Tom's already gone?

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

I'd've bought some more coffee if I'd known we'd run out. = I would have; I had; we had)

2

The film won't've started yet, so we've got lots of time.

 

= will not have; we have)

3

I suppose they'll've closed by now, so we better come back tomorrow.(

=

they will have; we

 

had better)

TV.

(

(=

I would not(

 

4

I wouldn't've gone if there'd been anything good on

 

have; there had)

 

 

 

5A: I shouldn't've had that last slice of pizza.

B:I told you it'd make you feel sick! (= I should not have; it would)

Follow-up

As well as the usual contracted forms, others found in song lyrics include: gonna (= going to), kinda (= kind of), sorta (= sort of), wanna (= want to).

English Pronunciation in Use (Advanced)

163

U n it 2 8

Pronunciation of the sections in bold is given in brackets.

A:What are you making? NE (lwotf /)

B:It's a cake for Richard's birthday. E (I keIld)

A:It's amazing, isn't it? E (I meIZII)I)

B:Do you think he'll like it? NE (ld38Il)kI)

A:I'm sure he will, although he's a bit fussy about food, isn't he? E (If':):'I) I NE (lZ bIt!)

B:Have you seen this? E (lsi:nI)

A:Wow! Is that a real flower? NE (/zoret!)

B:No, it's made from sugar. NE (ltsmeIdI)

A:When does it have to be ready? NE (lwenzIt!)

B:It's his birthday tomorrow. Do you know where he is now? NE (ltsIzI) I NE (ld3n ul)

A:I've no idea. E (ln u/)

2(Speaker A = Poland)

12 A 'dibber' is a small hand-held tool used by gardeners for making holes in soil into which

2 'I

2

seeds can be dropped.

14 A 'brown-bag lunch' is a phrase mainly used in North American English. It is food bought or prepared at home to be eaten during a lunch break at work, often carried in a brown paper bag. In British English we would be more likely to talk about a 'packed lunch'.

U n it 2 9

1

He wrote it.

5

Take a left turn.

9 We crossed over.

2

A published article.

6

They kept quiet.

10

I'll contact Ann.

3

It's in first gear.

7

It 100ke4 good.

11

He finishe4 first.

4

It was just him.

8

We reache4 Berlin.

12 I slept badly.

A No change to ItI

B ItI left out

C ItI replaced with

o ItI + Ijl said as Itfl

 

 

 

 

glottal stop

 

 

3, 8, 1 1 , 1 5

1 , 5, 9, 1 2

4, 6, 1 4, 1 6

2, 7, 10, 1 3

The letters in black show what happens to ItI on the recording, but other changes are possible and these are shown in green. For example, in 'What you', ItI and Ijl are said as Itfl (D), but ItI could also be replaced by a glottal stop ( C) .

D/C

e

 

 

A: WhatI

you gotI

there?

 

A

 

 

A B

CIA

B: I 's Don Simpson's la£eslnovel. Have you read l?

Ae B

A:Bougli itluslthe other day.

e

A

 

A

B: I don,i think 's as good as his first

D/C

e

e

A

, I

/

/

I

A: Don t you? But then that was really tremendous.

Follow-up

For example, go to the BBC's 'Voices' website (http://www.bbc.co.uklvoices/) and listen to speakers who live in and around London. Many very often replace It! with a glottal stop.

1 64

English Pronunciation in Use (Advanced)

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