1 7.3 |
Definitions of abbreviations: |
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CEO |
chief executive officer |
DVD |
digital versatile disc or digital video disc |
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PC |
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personal= |
computer |
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AOB = any other business |
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OHP = overhead projector |
NHS = National Health Service (the British state health care system) |
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ATM = automated teller machine (a machine, often outside a bank, where you can get money |
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from your account using a bank card) |
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RP = received pronunciation (an accent of British English considered to have no regional features) |
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AGM = annual general meeting |
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RSI = repetitive strain injury (a medical condition causing pain in the hand, wrists, etc., especially |
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in people who use computers a lot) |
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VAT = value added tax |
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TLC = tender loving care (being looked after carefully and gently) |
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UFO = unidentified flying object WHO = World Health Organisation |
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EU = European Union |
RSVP = repondez s'iJ vous plait |
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= please reply) |
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CV |
curriculum vitae |
ETA |
estimated time of arrival |
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IT |
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information= |
technology |
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CD = |
compact disc |
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CND = Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (a British organisation opposing nuclear weapons) |
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DIY = do-it-yourself (decorating or repairing your home rather than paying someone else to do it) |
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GMT = Greenwich Mean Time |
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HGV = heavy goods vehicle (a large truck used for |
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transporting goods) |
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The letter with main stress is underlined and * indicates stress shift. |
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1 CEO |
5 AGM' |
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9 ETA |
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2 £C* |
6 TL.G |
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10 .GD * |
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3 NHS. |
7 WHO' |
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1 1 DIY |
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4 R£ |
8 EU* |
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12 GMI |
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1 8. 1 |
Unit 1 8 |
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(South Africa) |
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main stress on the first part |
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main stress on the second part |
main stress on the third part |
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pinball machine |
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left-luggage office |
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first-time buyer |
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aircraft carrier |
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headed notepaper |
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downhill skiing |
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nail varnish remover |
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car boot sale |
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bullet-proof vest |
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payback period |
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level playing field |
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two-way mirror |
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cooling-off period |
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right-hand drive |
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household name |
1 8.2 The syllables with main stress are underlined. The correct answer is given first. Example: washing-JJl1 liquid (peanut butter)
1 grant-maintained school (teacher-training college) 2 oldple's home (semi-detached house)
3 air traffic controller (travelling salesman)
4 windscreen wipers (rear-view mirror)
5 baseball cap (shoulder-length hair)
1 56 |
English Pronunciation in Use (Advanced) |
1 8.3 |
1 |
double-decker bus |
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hot-water bottle |
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bullet-proof vest |
5 three-piece suit |
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four-leaf clover |
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right-angled triangle |
The exception is 'hot-water bottle' which has main stress on the second part, 'water'.
Follow-up |
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Here are some things you might see. The syllables with main stress are underlined. |
bedside lamp walk-in wardrobe four-poster bed |
drop-leaf table |
wide-screen television |
radio-cassette player table-tennis bat |
built-in wardrobe |
1 9. 1 |
Unit |
1 9 |
3 2 |
4 |
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5 2 |
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8 |
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2 2 |
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1 9.2 |
(United States) |
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1 |
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6 |
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7 |
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(Speaker A = Spain) |
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Prominent syllables in the parts in bold are given in capitals. |
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What are you DRIVing at? |
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I thought she'd disapPROVE of them. |
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I said I think it will reSULT IN climate change. (The particle is made prominent for contrast.) |
1 9.3 |
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Yes, I READ about it. |
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Where does she COME from? |
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But I don't know what to AIM AT. (The particle is made prominent for special emphasis.) |
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Yes, it's TEEMing with them. |
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(Speaker A = India) |
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Prominent syllables in the parts in bold are given in capitals. |
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Yes, when you're next in town, why don't you COME BY? ( ,come ' by = visit) |
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Well, at this time of year fresh vegetables are difficult to COME by. ( 'come by = obtain) |
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I was stroking Susan's cat when it just TURNED on me. ( ' turn on = attack) |
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Yes, he certainly knows how to TURN it ON. (,turn ' on = to show a particular quality) |
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Follow-up |
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For example, you could note stress in phrasal verbs like this: |
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one-stress: |
' settle for |
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'hint at |
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two-stress: |
,glaze ' over |
,set ' off |
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Unit 20
20. 1 1 handed your homework in (The particle is non-prominent as the object, 'your homework', is between it and the verb and is prominent.)
2 turn it off
3rolled my trousers up (The particle is non-prominent as the object, 'my trousers', is between it and the verb and is prominent.)
4 m: 5 along
6 pointing out
7fell off the wall (The particle is non-prominent as the object, 'the wall', is after it but still in the same clause.)
8 send them on
English Pronunciation in Use (Advanced) |
1 57 |
(Speaker A = Poland)
Prominent syllables in the parts in bold are given in capitals.
1 A: Did you lend Ellen your mobile? B: No, she just WALKED OFF with it.
2A: Do you think you'll buy the house? B: If I can COME up with the MONey. (' . . . COME UP with the MONey' would also be possible)
3 A: You don't really want the job, do you? B: No, but I don't know how I'm going to GET
OUT of it.
4 A: Have the holiday brochures arrived yet? B: I've only just SENT aWAY for them.
5A: Steve's working really hard at the moment. B: Yes, I think he's hoping to PUT in for a proMOtion. (' . . . PUT IN for a proMOtion' would also be possible)
6A: So how do you suggest improving education in the country? B: Well, first, we should DO aWAY with PRIvate SCHOOLS. (' . . . DO away with PRIvate SCHOOLS' would also be possible)
1 |
a check it in b check-in |
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a back them up |
b backup |
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a gets together b get-together |
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a follow it up |
b follow-up |
Follow-up
Here are some examples from the area of business. Main and secondary stressed syllables are marked in the example phrasal verbs and compound nouns. Prominent syllables are marked in the example sentences.
Phrasal verb: |
,walk 'out |
The 200 striking workers WALKED OUT last week. |
Compound noun: |
'walkout |
There's been a WALKout at the factory. |
Phrasal verb: |
,mark ' up |
Prices have been MARKED UP since last week. |
Compound noun: |
'mark-up |
The MARK-up on the products is over 1 00 per cent. |
U n it 2 1
21(Speaker A = Japan)
The reason why some function words are in the strong form is given in brackets.
Example a S (word is at end of sentence) b W
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a W |
b S ('would' is used as a content word rather than a function word) |
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a W |
b S ('were' is contrasted with 'weren't') |
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a W |
b S ('from' is contrasted with 'for') |
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a S ('your' is used as a content word rather than a function word) b W |
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a S (word is at end of sentence) b W |
211 2 - 2 They were waiting for their brother.
2 3 - 2 I knew that she was going to be late again. 3 2 - 3 Would you take her to the swimming pool?
4 4 - 3 I thought we were at the station already, but I was wrong. 5 2 - 4 Shall we go to the zoo, or have you been before?
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There are some more books here that he could have. |
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He asked me for some money and I lent it to him. |
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She told me that we would have been better off going by bus. |
I 58 |
English Pronunciation in Use (Advanced) |
U n it 22
2 2 . 1 Words in bold which are prominent are underlined.
1A: Do you know of any good restaurants in Brockhurst?
B:Well, I haven't been for some years, but there used to be some very good ones. The Oyster
was the place to eat seafood.
A:Mmm. I do like seafood.
B:But I'm sure run: of the restaurants there will be good.
2A: Try turning the tap off.
B:I have tried turning it, but it's stuck. A: Did you ask anyone for help?
B:No. Look, why don't you try?
A:Okay. Hmmm. There must be some way of doing it.
B:I did tell you it was stuck.
A:There. It just needed some strength! Anyone could have done it.
22.2 |
(Speaker A = Jamaica) |
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Prominent words are in capitals. |
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1 |
IS THAT IT? |
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YES, THIS is IT. |
5 THAT'S it. |
7 WHAT IS it? |
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2 |
OH, IS it? |
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YES, THAT'S IT. |
6 THIS is IT, then. |
8 I CAN'T. THAT'S just IT. |
22.3 |
(Speaker A = China) |
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Prominent words in the parts in bold are in capitals. |
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A: I couldn't understand a word he said. B: WHERE was he FROM? |
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A: Can I book a table for tonight, please? B: HOW many is it FOR? |
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A: While I was out, someone left these flowers outside my house. B: WHO could it have BEEN? |
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A: That woman you were talking to seemed nice. B: Yes, but I don't know WHO she WAS. |
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A: Couldn't you have helped him at all? B: There was nothing we could have DONE. |
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6 A: You just sit and relax. B: But isn't there anything I can DO? |
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Follow-up
Here is an extract from a conversation between two people talking about computers. Notice how Speaker 2 (52) uses 'This is it' to mean something like: 'I agree. You have done a lot of work on it and you don't want to lose the information'.
51I've got it on the hard disk and I've got it on an A drive. But I wanted to have it on two just in case I lose - er you know - the floppy - or er - you know anything happens. It's best to - isn't it?
52Oh right. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah.
51I've done a hell of a lot of work on that.
52This is it. Yeah.
51 I don't want to lose it.
English Pronunciation in Use (Advanced) |
I S9 |
U n it
2 3 . 1 1 |
NC |
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NC |
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C (director23 |
larl - director I::J/) |
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C (vocabulary l::Jul - vocabulary I::J/) |
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C (December hi - December I::J/) |
9 NC |
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NC |
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C (corridor I:J:I - corridor I::J/) |
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C (ambulance lul - ambulance I::J/) |
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C (consent 1nl - consent I::J/) |
6 NC |
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NC |
23 . 2 (First speaker = India; second speaker = Scotland)
The definitions on the recording are given before each answer. The symbol . shows syllable divisions.
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A wish to learn about something. curiosity l,kju::J.ri'ns . I . til |
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Very much like a particular thing. virtual l'v3:r.tfu. ::JV |
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To do with countries that were once colonies. colonial /k::J'I::Ju. ni.::JV |
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One of the things used to make something. ingredient hl)'gri: .di.::Jntl |
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Someone who is famous. celebrity ISI'leb.n .til |
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Very angry. furious l'fju::J.ri.::JsI |
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The force that makes things fall to the ground. gravity l'grrev . I .tiI |
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The larger part of something. majority Im::J'd3n.n .til |
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A phrase that acts like an adverb. adverbial /red' v3:r.bi.::JV |
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Describes someone who spends a long time studying. studious l' stju: . di.::JsI |
(Note: The second speaker (from Scotland) pronounces 'r' in virtual and adverbial, where these would not be pronounced in BBC English. )
23.3 The symbol . shows syllable divisions. |
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adverbial /::Jd'v3: .bj::JV |
1 furious l'fju::J.rj::JsI |
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studious l' stju: .d3::JsI |
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ingredient III)' gri: .d3::Jntl |
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celebrity IS::J'leb.r::J.tiI |
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curiosity l,kju::J.ri'ns .::J.til |
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colonial /k::J'I::Ju.nj::JV |
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gravity l'grrev.::J.til |
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majority Im::J'd3n.f::J.til |
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virtual /'v3: .tf::JV |
U n it 24
11 My cousin lives in a mansion with a huge garden.
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He took out a little bottle full of poison and poured it into her tea. |
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Eleven people were injured in the collision. |
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When she got on the bicycle and began to pedal she started to wobble. |
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Since she started playing the violin, her ambition has been to be a classical musician. |
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I burnt my knuckle on a candle and had to go to hospital. |
7 He wrote an article about a famous politician who was sent to prison.
(Speaker A = Canada)
24.3. . . religions - Buddhism and Hinduism
. . . political systems - capitalism and communism
. . . things to avoid when appointing someone to a job - ageism and favouritism
. . . good qualities for someone to have in a job - enthusiasm and professionalism (or optimism)
. . . feelings you might have about a situation - optimism and pessimism (or enthusiasm)
Follow-up
The Channel Tunnel is the tunnel under the English Channel connecting England and France.
160 |
English Pronunciation in Use (Advanced) |