Файл: Advanced_English_Pronunciation_in_Use.pdf

Скачать файл
Заказать решение

ВУЗ: Не указан

Категория: Не указан

Дисциплина: Не указана

Добавлен: 04.08.2024

Просмотров: 401

Скачиваний: 1

ВНИМАНИЕ! Если данный файл нарушает Ваши авторские права, то обязательно сообщите нам.

1 1 . 1

1 1 .2

1 1 .3

1 2 . 1

1 2 . 2

Unit 1 1

(United States) Note that this speaker of American English pronounces 'herb' /c.:rb/; in British English it is usually pronounced /h3:b/.

(Example: Note also that 'medicine' is usually pronounced with 2 syllables /'meds"nI, but may be pronounced with three in slow, careful speech /'medIs"nI.)

1

di'saster - di'sastrous

5 per'centage - per'cent

 

2

'outrage - out'rageous

6 my'sterious - 'mystery

 

3

Re'gardless - re'gard

7 agri'cultural - 'agriculture

 

4 'industry - in'dustrious

 

 

 

(Jamaica)

 

 

 

 

Words with the same stress pattern as their root:

 

 

de'pendable (de'pend)

re'liable (re'ly)

 

pro'fessional (pro'fession)

me'chanical (me'chanic)

ac'ceptable (ac'cept)

de' batable (de'bate)

Words with a different stress pattern from their root:

 

uni'versal ( 'universe)

'reputable (re'pute)

acci'dental ( ' accident)

* indicates stress shift.

 

 

 

1

absentee *

2 volunteer *

3 Cantonese

4 roulette

5 Sudanese *

Follow-up

Here are some more nationality adjectives ending -ese: Beninese, Chinese, Congolese, Guyanese, Lebanese, Maltese, Portuguese, Senegalese, Sudanese, Taiwanese, Tongolese, Vietnamese. Said on their own, they all have main stress on -ese; said in the context of 'the ...........

people', they are all likely to have stress shift with main stress in the first syllable.

Unit

(Canada)

1

hostile to something) hostility

 

(being1 2

2

(when someone is prosecuted) prosecution

3

(being willing to cooperate) cooperative

4

(a newspaper article giving the editor's opinion) editorial

5

(when people speculate to make a profit) speculation

6

(acting on impulse) impulsive

7

(being familiar with something) familiarity

8

(to do with photography) photographic

The word with a suffix which is an exception to the rule given at the beginning of A is 'co'operative'. (It doesn't have stress on the syllable immediately before -ive.)

Itf nl (e.g. suggestion)

If nl (e.g. education)

13 nl (e.g. decision)

 

combustion

congestion

accommodation

celebration

erosion

explosion

digestion

exhaustion

comprehension

depression

invasion

revision

 

 

expression

suspension

 

 

52

English Pronunciation in Use (Advanced)

1 2 .3 resident

performance

defiant

con ence

reference

excellence

correspondent

assistant

maintenance

.applicant

coincidence

informant

ac tance

insistence

significance

The exception is "excellence'. The syllable before the suffix -ence ends in 'ell' (VCC) and so stress would be on this syllable if the second rule in B were followed. (Note that "excellent' is also an exception.)

1 2.4 The words with the same (5)

stress pattern as their root are:

,corre'spondent ( , corre'spond)

de'fiant (de'fy)

con'vergence (con'verge)

as'sistant (as'sist)

in'formant (in'form)

ac'ceptance (ac'cept)

in'sistence (in'sist)

 

 

The words with a different (D) stress pattern from their root are:

 

'reference (re'fer)

'excellence (ex'cel)

'maintenance (main'tain)

' applicant (ap'ply)

co' incidence (coin'cide)

sig' nificance ( 'signify)

Follow-up

Here are some examples from the field of medicine:

/tf;m/ (e.g. suggestion)

indigestion

U n it 1 3

1 3. 1 (Australia)

inter'vention = S (inter'vene) Ca'nadian = D ( ' Canada) stu'pidity = D ( 'stupid) nor'mality = D ( 'normal) 'preference = D (pre'fer)

/f;m/ (e.g. education)

addiction hypertension concussion

se'curity = S (se'cure) con'sumption = S (con'sume) appli'cation = D (a'pply) de'livery = S (de'liver) sin'cerity = S (sin'cere)

/3';Jn/ (e.g. decision) vision

advan'tageous = D (ad'vantage) ma'turity = 5 (ma'ture)

'sanity = 5 (sane) pre'cision = S (pre'cise) di'version = S (di'vert)

1 3 The words with a different vowel sound from their root are: intervention lel (intervene li:/)

consumption lA! (consume 1u:/) sanity lrel (sane lel/)

precision /II (precise lal/) sincerity lel (sincere /I';J/)

The words with the same vowel sound as their root are: familiarise hi (familiar !II)

security IU';JI (secure IU';J/) maturity IU';JI (mature IU';J/) delivery hi (deliver hi) diversion /3:1 (divert /3:1)

English Pronunciation in Use (Advanced)

1 53

13.3

13.4

14. 1

4.3

1

1 1

1

1

a

divide

b division

2

a

competitive

b compete

3

a

collision

b

collide

4 a

example

b

exemplary

5

a

national

b

nation

Vowel sound in 101 (as in stQP)

/rI (as in sit)

laII (as in

lrel (as in

lel (as in p n)

main stressed

 

drive)

blgck)

 

syllable of root

 

 

 

 

commercial

symbolic

applicant

accidental

speciality

(cQmmerce)

(symbol)

(apply)

(Qccident)

(sp cial)

evolution

historic

financial

calculation

demonstration

(evQlve)

(history)

(finance)

(cglculate)

(d monstrate)

modernity

influential

decision

magnetic

medicinal

(mQdern)

(influence)

(decide)

(mggnet)

(m dicine)

U n it

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

unwise1 4

2 unpack

 

3

 

discourage

4 ilkgal

 

 

 

 

 

(Speaker A = Spain)

 

 

3

 

unpack

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

replace

2 illegal

 

 

 

4 discourage

 

 

 

 

Idi:-I

 

 

 

IdI-1

 

 

 

Iri:-I

 

 

 

In-I

 

debug deregulate

 

 

deflate

deform

 

reapply

recharge

reflect

refresh

destabilise

devalue

 

 

delineate

demote

reconsider

resit

relapse

replace

 

 

 

 

 

 

descend

 

 

 

restructure

 

review

 

(South Africa)

 

= get well)

 

 

 

 

= cover again)

 

1

a

recover /n'kAV;;)/

 

b re-cover /,ri:'kAV;;)/

 

2

a

re-sign /,ri:'sam/

 

sign again) b resign /n'zam/

 

give up a job)

 

3

a

re-count /,ri:'kaunt/(=

(=

count again)

 

b recount /n'kauntl= (

describe)

 

U n it 1 5

 

(

 

 

 

 

 

 

(

 

(=

 

 

(United States)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

co-education

 

 

 

 

 

5

Superstars; counteroffensive (counteroffensive is also possible)

2

subconscious

 

 

 

 

 

6 supernatural; undercurrents

 

 

3

interface

 

 

 

 

 

 

7

co-writers; mcpertext

 

 

 

 

4

underachievers; subtitles

 

 

8

international; counterparts

 

 

2

g

(00000)

 

 

 

 

4 f (000)

 

 

 

6 e

(0000)

 

3

d

(00000)

 

 

 

 

5

a

(000)

 

 

 

7 b

(0000)

 

" indicates stress shift

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

impractical

 

 

 

3 impolite*

 

 

5

dishonest

7 undressed

2

review

 

 

 

 

4 misplaced"

 

 

6 dehydrated"-

 

1 54

English Pronunciation in Use (Advanced)

Follow-up

Here are some more sub- and super- words with their main stressed syllable underlined: subgroup, suborbital, superhuman, sub ditor, superglue, subculture, superbug

U n it 1 6

1 chemical formula (adjective + noun)

2 bank account (noun + noun)

3 American football (adjective + noun)

4 artificial intelligence (adjective + noun)

5 coffee shop (noun + noun)

6 best man (adjective + noun)

(Canada)

7 mobile phone (adjective + noun)

8 flight attendant (noun + noun)

9 sofa bed (noun + noun)

10magnetic field (adjective + noun)

11tea strainer (noun + noun)

12space station (noun + noun)

1

voicemail

8

a hot potato

15

lipstick

2 a paper towel

9 a claim form

16

boiling point

3

a civil war

10

house-hunting

17

a search party

4 a greenhouse

11

a town hall

18

a shop assistant

5

an ice rink

12

a l2llphone

19

dental floss

6 distance learning

13 a defining moment

20 a rubber band

7 a loudspeaker

14

orange juice

 

 

'Greenhouse', 'town hall', 'defining moment', 'dental floss' and 'orange juice' are all exceptions to the rules in B and C. They are all mentioned in the reference page.

Follow-up

Here are ten examples from the field of music with main stressed syllables underlined.

barbershop

disc jockey

grand pi.!!no

tuning fork

heavy metal

mouthpiece

musical instrument

bluegrass

French horn

soundtrack

 

U n it 1 7

1

homesick

5

armour-p@ted

9

empty-handed

2

far-fetched

6

cinemagoing

10

fireproof

3

spine-chilling

7

gili-wrapped

11

self-financing

4

mind-blowing

8

well-meaning

12

machine-readable

The exception is ' ,armour-'plated'. Most noun + past participle compound adjectives have main stress on the first part.

(Australia)

* indicates compounds which have stress shift

bad-tempered

high-flying'

public-spirited

world-famous

time-consuming

hard-working

good-looking

ground-breaking

close-cropped*

well-dressed

short-sighted

loose-fitting'

-catching tongue-tied camera-shy long-term' fat-free well-earned"

1 55

Смотрите также файлы