Файл: Типовик_Ноябрь 2008 English.doc

Тема 6. Многофункциональные слова one , turn

Examples: one – один (числительное); one – формальное подлежащее (в безличном предложении); one – замена существительного (во избежание повтора). turn – виток, очередь, поворот; to turn – вращать (глаг. Форма); to turn on, off – включать/выключать$ in its turn – в свою очередь.

Task. Translate the following sentences into Russian

1. One should distinguish what is good and what is bad!

2. A long conductor cuts more lines of force than a short one.

3. One property of an electric current is resistance and the other one is self-induction.

4. The voltage depends upon the number of turns in the coil as each turn cuts the force lines producing an electro-motive force (e.m.f.) in that turn.

5. When placed in a magnetic field, the molecules of steel do not readily turn around in the direction of the lines of force.

6. The strength of an electromagnet is proportional to the number of ampere turns.

7. Electric motors turn electrical energy into mechanical energy and mechanical energy in its turn may drive a generator to produce electrical energy.

8. As for the light it is necessary to switch it that is to turn on the switch.

9. Let’s turn our attention to the magnetic field of the Earth.

10. The electromagnet used is wound with a few turns of a very thick wire.

11. It turns out that the planet “Venus” has no magnetic field.

12. Five turns of the coil will make the current turn through the coil five times.

13. Turn round the corner and you see the house you need.

14. “To turn on” and “to turn off” are antonyms.

15. It’s dark, turn on the light, please!

16. Do not forget to turn off the light when you leave the laboratory.

17. One of the ships was not only beautiful but had a high speed.

18. Let’s turn to the right, the road is better there.

19. The cryogenic motor is lighter than a conventional one.

20. There are over 150 super-cities in the world with population from one to fifteen million and more.

21. It turns out smog hanging over large cities kills hundreds of people and is the cause of serious illness for many thousands of people.

22. In the nearest future the automobiles will turn to ecologically pure hydrogen fuel.

23. Hydrogen is one of the pure fuel for automobiles.

24. The end of the 20^th century has brought man a number of natural and man-made disasters, among them one can mention explosions of tankers in the sea.

25. Turn the page and you will see one of the very interesting statements.

26. It’s high time to turn our attention to English grammar.

27. Resistance is only one property of an electric current.

28. We like neither this idea nor that one.

29. One can turn mechanical energy into electrical energy by using a generator.

30. Electrical energy in its turn can be turned into heat energy.

31. We shall turn our attention to two properties of an electric current.

32. The magnetism strength produced in one and the same rod is directly proportional to the number of turns in the coil.

33. When you turn the light on, you close the circuit, and when you turn it off, you open it.

34. It turns out that the strength of magnetic field in the coil is proportional to the amount of current.

Тема 7. Многофункциональное слово time

Examples: Time – время, разы, периоды времени; At times = sometimes – иногда; On time – вовремя (по расписанию); In time – вовремя (быть точным); To time – увеличивать, умножать.

Task. Translate the following sentences into Russian

1. There was a time when people knew nothing about electricity.

2. Only electrical sparks jumping between two electrodes were known before Academician Petroff’s time.

3. What time is it? I think it is time to stop working.

4. We haven’t noticed as the time flies and now we are engineers already.

5. How many times a week do you have English lessons?

6. I told you many times: “Before dinner it’s necessary to wash your hands!”

7. New kinds of rays, called lasers, are millions of times brighter than the sun.

8. You may read the text many times but you can’t say what it is about because you think about some other problems.

9. In centers of industry iron rusts 20 times faster than in rural areas.

10. One of the spheres is two times as large as the other one.

11. Four times four is sixteen.

12. To prepare my home work takes me much time.

13. The winter comes and the day-time becomes shorter.

14. In the remote time lightning was a subject for legends.

15. It would not be bad if your telephone wasn’t ringing innumerable times a day.

16. The experiment in question was finished in good time.

17. A car changed its direction from time to time.

18. The busy people time their working day to the minute.

19. For the most people summer-time is the best season of the year.

20. There is a good saying: “All in good time”.

21. It takes you little time to solve this task but the other one can’t be done so quickly.

22. It’s high time to turn our attention to English grammar.

23. The students must come to the Institute in time.

24. History tells much interesting things about former times.

25. We were not late because our plane landed on time.

26. They made an appointment at 5 p.m. and they did all their best to come in time.

27. But for tungsten the electrical lamp filament would burn in no time.

28. Many outstanding Russian scientists lived in tsarist time.

29. This experiment was made for the second time.

30. In mechanics work is the product of force times the distance.

31. At what time shall we have our lecture on physics?

32. At times a spark appeared between the two ends of the wire.

33. From time to time we heard peals of thunder.

34. This train always comes on time.

35. This man always comes in time.

Тема 8. Союзы both … and, either … or, neither … nor

Examples: both … and – так как; и … и either … or – или … или; либо … либо neither … nor – ни … ни

Task. Translate the following sentences into Russian

A.

2. Both coal and oil are minerals.

3. A specialist should master both theory and practice of his subject.

4. There exist many sources of energy in the world both potential and kinetic.

5. There are important differences between two materials both in their technology and in their physical properties.

6. A modern factory building is constructed of either steel or concrete.

7. The dimensions of all bodies are changed either by an increase or decrease in temperature.

8. If the direction of either the magnetic or electrostatic flux is reversed, the direction of the travel of the radio wave is reversed too.

9. Alloys are used in neither medicine nor agriculture.

10. Wood conducts neither heat nor electricity.

11. Gases have neither definite volume nor definite shape.

B.

1. Both water – and wind – operated engines are very economical.

2. Ohm’s law holds true for all circuits both direct and alternating.

3. With alternating current on both plate and grid, the electrode can regain control once each cycle.

4. Kinescope is a large vacuum tube used for both scanning and viewing the transmitted pictures.

5. A fast-neutron reactor which supplies both electricity and heat for desalting sea water was put into operation on the Caspian Sea.

6. Such complex gas turbine plants were built both on open and closed cycle.

7. Both water vapour and steam are known to be invisible.

8. If either the transmitter or the receiver is detuned, the operator misses the transmission.

9. A chemist may either examine a material with instruments or perform tests to identify it more completely.

10. The hydroelectric power plant may be located either at the dam or at a considerable distance below.

11. Power may be developed from water by action of either its pressure, velocity or by combination of both.

12. Either a carefully designated aerial or a waveguide must be used to channel the power in the desired direction.

13. The primary energy source for heating the gas may be either ordinary combustion or fission.

14. These problems seemed difficult to neither our nor foreign scientists.

15. The energy possessed by an isolated body or a system of bodies can neither be created nor destroyed.

16. Neither solidity nor rest exist from the molecular point of view.

17. Solid bodies neither flow as liquids do, nor occupy all available space as gases do.

18. The experimenters paid attention to the fact that the tablet had neither smelted nor lost its initial form, but had become dense and hard.

19. Greek could neither understand their observations in the field of electricity nor make any use of them.

20. Without friction we could neither walk nor stand up in spite of our efforts.