Файл: Posobie_Grammatika_Kulieva2009.doc

Adjectives from Nouns and Verbs. Verbs from Nouns and Adjectives

The typical suffixes forming adjectives from nouns and verbs and those forming verbs from nouns and adjectives

Note the meaning of the suffixes -ful and -less:

-ful means "having", "with", e.g. beautiful, careful, harmful, peaceful.

-less means "without", "lacking", e.g. careless, friendless, harmless.

Note that the suffix -ly is used both in adverbs and adjectives.

Note that the verbs in the list below do not follow the above pattern:

breath — to breathe large — to enlarge

belief— to believe proof—to prove

courage — to encourage relief— to relieve

danger — to endanger rich — to enrich

Ex. 1. Go over the list of adjectives made from nouns and verbs and verbs made from nouns and adjectives and group them according to the suffixes used.

agriculture — agricultural to create — creative

alphabet — alphabetical to cure — curable

ambition — ambitious to agree — agreeable

anger — angry to decide — decisive

courage — courageous to enjoy — enjoyable

democracy — democratic to predict — predictable

envy — envious to prepare — preparatory

fortune — fortunate to prevent — preventive

health — healthy to suit — suitable

help — helpful to talk — talkative

honour — honourable to value — valuable

humour — humorous dark — to darken

hunger—hungry deaf—to deafen

luck — lucky deep — to deepen

music — musical fright — to frighten

mystery — mysterious identity — to identify

nerve — nervous ideal — to idealize

passion — passionate length — to lengthen

science — scientific pure — to purify

sense — sensitive ripe — to ripen

thirst — thirsty sharp — to sharpen

wave — wavy weak — to weaken

week — weekly wide — to widen

to adapt — adaptable worse — to worsen

Ex. 2. Complete the sentences using the appropriate derivatives of the words in brackets.

1. Those wires look a bit ... . If I were you I would be more careful. (danger) 2. English weather is very ... . It's often different from day to day. (change) 3. Long leather boots were extremely ... at one time. (fashion) 4. The country exports ... over two million tons of rice. (year) 5. Until the situation has settled down, it is not ... to travel to that country. (advise) 6. He's looking forward to starting his new job, but at the same time he's a bit ... . (nerve) 7. I'm very pleased with my job. It's a very... company to work in. (friend) 8. I think people who help the old, sick and ... are the salt of the earth. (home) 9. He's not very ... .What he needs is someone to look after him and do everything for him. (care) 10. Jack is always in trouble though the rest of the family are ... , honest people. (respect) 11. The report which doesn't contain all the necessary facts is ... and makes a bad impression. (use) 12. A lot of people wear jeans and sweaters because they are cheap and ... . (practice) 13. Smoking is... to health and in many countries a warning is printed on every packet of cigarettes. (harm) 14. A taxi, sometimes called a cab, is the most ... way of travel. (comfort) 15. It takes ... patience to teach small children. (consider)

Negative Prefixes

For study

The prefixes dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, un- change the meaning of words from positive into negative. They are used with different parts of speech.

to obey — to disobey, legal — illegal, patient — impatient, definite — indefinite, regular — irregular, rest — unrest

• The same negative prefix is usually used with all derivatives of a word: possible — impossible — impossibility; but: pleasant — unpleasant, displeased, displeasure; comfortable — uncomfortable, discomforted, discomfort; fortunate — unfortunate, misfortune.

• Some words have two negative forms.

convenient — inconvenient, unconvenien;t decisive — indecisive, undecisive

Ex. 1. Go over the list of words with negative prefixes and group them according to the prefixes used.

conscious — unconscious tidy — untidy

convenient — inconvenient usual — unusual

curable — incurable to agree — to disagree

dependent — independent to appear — to disappear

expensive — inexpensive to approve — to disapprove

experienced — inexperienced to believe — to disbelieve

familiar — unfamiliar to inherit — to disinherit

forgettable — unforgettable to like — to dislike

formal — informal to lock — to unlock

friendly — unfriendly to obey — to disobey

grateful — ungrateful to pack — to unpack

happy — unhappy to satisfy — to dissatisfy

honest — dishonest to tie — to untie

important — unimportant to trust — to distrust

legal — illegal ability — inability

literate — illiterate balance — imbalance

logical — illogical belief — disbelief

lucky — unlucky comfort- discomfort

mature — immature employment — unemployment

patient — impatient experience — inexperience

pleasant — unpleasant fortune — misfortune

popular — unpopular happiness — unhappiness

possible — impossible qualification — disqualification

punctual — unpunctual respect — disrespect

regular — irregular rest —unrest

respectful — disrespectful similarity — dissimilarity

responsible — irresponsible

Ex. 2. Add one of the negative prefixes in each space to make the word which follows opposite in meaning.

1. It is the most ...believable story I've ever heard. 2. I am afraid this is a very ...convenient arrangement. 3. The country became ...dependent soon after the end of World War II. 4. My parents ...approve of early marriages. 5. John left his job because he was ... able to deal with such a large amount of work. 6. When the ambulance came, the man was ...conscious after being knocked down by a car. 7. It’s his first job and he is very ...experienced. 8. We had a long talk but we still ... agree on a number of points. 9. Last summer I stayed in Paris for two weeks. It was an ...forgettable experience. 10. It was dark in the corridor and it took us ages to ...lock the door. 11. The sitting-room looks …tidy after last night's party. 12. Sailing in a boat during the storm was a very ...pleasant experience. 13. The weather is ...usually warm for this time of the year. 14. He's usually rather ...patient and ...friendly, but I must say hi was very sympathetic when I told him about my family problems 15. He just can't stop talking. He goes on and on about totally ...important things.

Mixed Practice

Ex. 1. Complete the sentences using the appropriate derivatives of the words in brackets.

1. I had a ... with the boss about the work I was doing, so I left. (agree) 2. It's a good idea in theory, but rather ... . (practice) 3. He isn't fit for such a ... job. He's ... at making decisions. (response, hope) 4. Most people nowadays regard television as a... rather than a luxury. (necessary) 5. Having our passports stolen was a rather ... start to our holiday. (fortune) 6. I did a very stupid thing, but ... nobody saw me. (luck) 7. I like this car. It's always been very ... . (rely) 8. You are always ... . Isn't there anything that makes you happy? (misery) 9. It was a very ... experience and it took a long time to get over it. (upset) 10. The road signs were so ... that I didn't know which way to go. (confuse) 11. I'm afraid he's got very ... habits. (irritate) 12. It was only after a great deal of persistence that I got a ... answer. (satisfy) 13. It takes a lot of determination to ... in a ... business. (success, compete) 14. His arrogant attitude made him ... with the other people in the office. (popular) 15. That was a rather ... remark. You've obviously upset him. (tact)

Ex. 2. Use the words given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the same line.

A. Architects responsible for the (CONSTRUCT) of many skyscrapers believe that a tall building must always have a certain minimum (WIDE) but that there is no limit to its absolute (HIGH). This means that the skyscrapers of the future are likely to be even taller. Engineers agree with this, but there is (AGREE) over the best shape for very tall, slim buildings. The effects of wind (PRESS) mean that cylindrical designs have enjoyed some (POPULAR) in recent years, and these are quite pleasing to the eye.

Would these tall buildings of the future offer more than a (WONDER) view? Some believe tall towers could contain all the (REQUIRE) for modern living. The (INHABIT) of these vertical villages would travel up and down between their home and work zones and would (RARE) need to journey to the ground level.

B. The site of the town of Winchester was a (NATURE) place for (SETTLE), at the point where a river cut through the chalk of the (SOUTH) hillsides. A simple camp at St.Catherine's Hill was the (EARLY) known use of the site. It was the Romans who finally established the town and (ROUND) it with a defensive wall for the protection of their people and trade. With the (BUILD) of its first cathedral in the seventh century, the town became an important (RELIGION) centre. Later, King Alfred, who had (SUCCESS) pushed back the invading Danes, moved his palace to Winchester. The town then experienced rapid (DEVELOP), and its (CENTRE) role in English history was underlined in 1066 when the conquering Normans, like Alfred, made Winchester their capital.

Ex. 3. Choose the correct variant.

1. She asked the star for his … on the back of the table napkin.

1) sign 3) signature

2) signaship 4) signal

2. I’have to do another … of the material.

2) revisement 3) revisation

1. revision 4) revise

3. The desease is highly … so he’s in an isolation ward now.

1) infectful 3) infectinate

2) infected 4) infectious

4. Hobbies … our outlook and help us to relax.

1) broad 3) brodify

2) brodinate 4) broaden

5. Seven o’clock of Saturday is a very … time for an appointment.

1) inconvenient 3) illconvenient

2) imconvenient 4) disconvenien

6. Last night Joe was arrested on … the lawn.

1) suspect 3) suspicion

2) suspectence 4) suspectness

7. I send you … from all of us.

1) greets 3) greetnesses

2) greetings 4) greetances

8. This car is very … . It needs little petrol.

1) economicable 3) economizing

2) economical 4) economically

9. I feel hot in this suit and tie. I’m going to … my collar.

1) loose 3) looser

2) loosen 4) lose

10. Several … customers brought their television sets back to the shop.

1) dissatisfied 3) missatisfied

2) illsatisfied 4) insatisfied

11. She played the piano well at the … last night.

1) competence 3) competition

2) competitor 4) competission

12. When I got on the plane for the first time I felt a … of emotions.

1) mix 3) misture

2) mixer 4) mixing

13. We’ve completely run out of … oil.

1) cooked 3) cookery

2) cooking 4) cook

14. He … his steps when he saw the train approaching the station.

1) quicklied 3) quickened

2) quicked 4) quickered

15. … expressions are not usually used by educated people.

1) unstandard 3) non-standard

2) instandard 4) imstandard

Литература

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