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Exercises
I. Spell the following numerals.
a. 7, 10, 340, 80, 90, 26, 481, 3495, 7356128
b. the ordinal numerals:
1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 8th, 9th, 12th, 99th, 100th, 1000th
c. fractional numerals:
,
,
,
d. decimals:
0,4; 1,45; 15,23; 2,384
e. the dates:
1343, 1570, 1812, 1941, 1994, 2000, 2005
II. Write the figures in words.
1. We drove about 200 miles. __________
2. What’s the population of the city? – Oh, 250000, I suppose. ________
3. Sally is 17 years old; her brother Nick is 19. ____________
4. The 12th month of the year is December.
5. It’s his 60th birthday this Sunday.
6. 35 plus 28 is 63.
III. Put in dozen (s) (of), hundred (s) (of), thousand (s) (of), or million (s) (of):
1. He had to sign his name five _____ times. (hundred)
2. We export 40 ____ tons a year. (million)
3. I just need to borrow a _____ pounds (hundred).
4. I’ve told you ________ times. (million)
5. Could I have two ______ eggs? (dozen)
IV. Unscramble the sentences.
1. hundred / been / he / Paris / has / times / to.
2. about / talked / a / we / things / hundred.
3. Eighth / you / famous / what / Henry / do / the / is / know / for?
4. half / they / to / an / for / had / hour / wait.
5. note /I / a / five – pound / and / purse / some / had / in / change / the.
V. Translate the sentences.
1. Ти можеш доїхати туди автобусом №20.
2. Я прийшла рівно о сьомій годині.
А ти на 10 хвилин запізнився.
3. В Україні видають сотні цікавих газет і журналів.
4. У Києві більше двох з половиною мільйонів жителів.
5. Розгорніть підручники на сторінці 89.
6. Запиши мою адресу – вулиця Гагаріна, будинок 25, квартира 43.
Це на сьомому поверсі.
7. Ти знаєш, що “Динамо” виграло з рахунком 2:0?
8. Після землетрусу тисячі людей залишились без житла.
9. Через деякий час вони святкуватимуть п’ятисоту річницю свого міста.
10. Який в тебе номер телефону? Записуй: 8-03578131.
VI. Change these from written to spoken or from spoken to written form:
1. the sixth March, nineteen seventy-six. __________
2. October the fifteenth, nineteen sixty – two. ____________
3. the eighteenth of June, nineteen eleven. _________
4. 19 May 1970. ________
5. 8 March 2002. _________
6. 14 January 2004. _________
VII. Write the following all in words.
Your telephone number.
Your date of birth.
The approximate population of your home village /town and your country.
VIII. Translate the following phrases:
записи 1980 року; сотні книжок та журналів; тисячі людей; на восьмому поверсі; п’ятирічна дівчинка; 60-ті роки 20 століття; Єлизавета ІІ; у 1945 році; сім і три чверті; одна п’ята; 414 аудиторія.
IX. Complete the crossword then find the number in the down word.
a
.
You win if you are the … to finish.
b. 4th four, 3rd three, 2nd …
c. There are … days in a fortnight.
d. The number after ten.
e. How many minutes are in an hour?
f. … is the second month of the year.
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ПРИКМЕТНИК (The Adjective) |
Прикметник – означає ознаку або властивість предмету.
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І. Місце прикметника в реченні 1. Вживається перед іменником: e.g. a clever child; після дієслів be, look, smell, sound, feel, taste, seem, appear, become, get, stay: e.g. She is thin. He seems tired. |
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2. Прикметник, який виражає думку, оцінку вживається перед прикметником, який виражає факт, істину e.g. a handsome, young man. |
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3. Якщо в реченні вживаються декілька прикметників, то вони мають таку послідовність: Size Age Shape Colour Origin Material e.g. A big old round white French China plate |
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II. Виконує функції: означення: e.g. It is an easy text; іменної частини складного іменного присудка: e.g. It is easy. |
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III. Виражає ознаки: кольору (pink, red, black); смаку (better, tasty, sweet); зовнішніх та внутрішніх властивостей (tall, quite, blue-eyed); форми, розміру (round, narrow, wide). |
Якісні прикметники мають ступені порівняння.
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Синтетичний спосіб утворення
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Звичайний ступінь
S
одно- складові Big Dry
F
P
дво- Clever Complete Severe |
Вищий ступінь
shorter bigger drier farther prettier cleverer completer severer |
Найвищий ступінь
shortest biggest driest farthest prettiest cleverest completest severest |
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Аналітичний спосіб утворення |
Interesting |
more interesting |
most interesting |
ar
Деякі прикметники утворюють ступені порівняння від різних коренів.
|
Звичайний ступінь |
Вищий ступінь |
Найвищий ступінь |
|
good – добрий bad – поганий little – малий |
better – кращий worse – гірший less – менш |
best – найкращий worst – найгірший least – найменший |
Деякі прикметники мають два ряди ступенів порівняння.
|
Звичайний ступінь |
Вищий ступінь |
Найвищий ступінь |
|
old – старий |
older – старший (за віком) elder – старший (за старшинством у родині) |
oldest – найстаріший eldest – найстарший (у родині) |
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far – далекий |
farther – дальший (за відстанню) further – дальший (за порядком) |
farthest – найдальший (за відстанню) furthest – найдальший (за порядком) |
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near – близький |
nearer – ближчий |
nearest – найближчий (за відстанню) next – найближчий (наступний за порядком) |
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late – пізній |
later – пізніший (за часом) latter – останній з двох перелічуваних |
latest – найпізніший (за часом) |
Конструкції для вираження порівняння
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Конструкції |
Перекладається |
Приклади |
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as…as |
такий же + прикметник + які |
The text is as difficult as that one. – Цей текст такий же важкий, як і той. |
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twice as…as |
у два рази + прикметник у вищому ступені +ніж |
This suit is twice as cheap as that one. – Цей костюм у два рази дешевший, ніж той. |
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not so…as |
не такий + прикметник + як |
This vase is not so expensive as that one. Ця ваза не така дорога, як та. |
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the…the |
чим + прикметник у вищому ступені + прикметник у вищому ступені |
The more he grows the stronger he becomes. – Чим більше він підростає, тим сильнішим стає. |
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much…than |
набагато + прикметник у вищому ступені + ніж |
Peter is much older than my brother is. – Петро набагато доросліший, ніж мій брат. |
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than |
прикметник у вищому ступені + ніж |
He is older than my brother. – Він старший, ніж мій брат. |
Exercises
I. Use the correct form of the adjective:
It is interesting to know that
1. Wall Street in Manhattan is the financial heart of the USA and the (important) banking centre in the world.
2. Pork Avenue in New York has the (large), (expensive) apartment houses.
3. Central Park is the (beautiful), (green) oasis in the middle of New York’s concrete desert.
4. Fifth Avenue is the (famous) shopping centre of New York.
5. Many people think that New York offers (good), (big) and (bright) of everything.
6. New York is one of the (noisy) cities in the world.
7. An ostrich egg is very big and very hard. It is (big) than twenty-two hen’s eggs.
8. The (large) crabs in the world live in Japanese waters.
9. The world’s (small) independent state is Vatican City, where the Pope lives.
10. One of the (small) countries is San Marino, Italy. It is also the (old), because it was founded 1,500 years ago.
II. Discuss with your partner.
Which profession (hobby, sports) do you think is:
1) the most dangerous? 2) the most difficult? 3) the easiest? 4) the most exciting? 5) the most boring? 6) the most expensive? 7) the cheapest? 8) the most interesting
III. Find the Ukrainian equivalents of the English proverbs and sayings.
1. Hunger is the best sauce. 2. A poor man is better than a liar. 3. A bird in the hands is worth two in the bush. 4. Blood is thicker than water. 5. Eats or West, home is best. 6. It is easier to be generous than grateful. 7. The saddest dog sometimes wags its tail. 8. Nurture is stronger than nature. 9. As clear day as daylight. 10. Welcome is the best dish on the table. 11. As cold as steel. 12. As good as gold. 13. As quiet as a lamb. 14. As welcome as snow in harvest.
1. Тихіший води, нижчий трави. 2. Потрібен, як п’яте колесо. 3. Золота людина. 4. Холодний як крига. 5. Гостинність – найкраща страва на столі господаря. 6. Ясно як день. 7. Навіть найсумніший собака іноді махає хвостом. 8. Виховання сильніше за природу. 9. Легше бути щедрим, ніж вдячним. 10. У гостях добре, а вдома краще. 11. Хто рідніший, той і цінніший. 12. Краще синиця в жмені, ніж журавель у небі. 13. Краще бути бідняком, ніж брехуном. 14. Кому голод приправа, тому смакує страва.
IV. Make sentences with the same meaning by using as… as
Example: This room is smaller than that room. – This room isn’t as big as that room.
1. An animal is less intelligent than a human being.
2. Algebra is more difficult than arithmetic.
3. Money is less important than good health.
4. A wooden chair is less comfortable than a sofa.
5. A van is smaller than a bus.
V. Work in pairs. Practice making comparisons.
Example: Name something that is sweeter than an apple.
Student A: What’s sweeter than an apple?
Student B: Candy is sweeter than an apple.
1. Name a country that is larger than Mexico.
2. Name an animal that is as dangerous as a wild tiger.
3. Name something that is more expensive than a diamond ring.
4. Name something that is less important than good health.
5. Name an animal that isn’t as strong as a horse.
VI. Write about one or more of the following topics.
1. Kyiv. Compare it to your hometown.
2. Two members of your family. Compare them.
3. Two countries. Compare them.
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Checklist of words used in comparisons |
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The same (as) |
like |
- er/more |
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Similar (to) |
alike |
less as… as |
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Different from |
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but |
VII. Look at the marks and say what Bob can do better (worse) than Mary.
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Maths |
Reading |
Essays |
Cooking |
Swimming |
Running |
Chess |
Tennis |
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Bob |
10 |
9 |
7 |
5 |
9 |
10 |
10 |
8 |
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Marry |
7 |
10 |
9 |
10 |
8 |
9 |
7 |
10 |
VIII. Let’s play the game.
Task 1. The following adjectives describe a man named Nick. A man named Jack doesn’t have the same qualities. Draw pictures of Nick and Jack on the board. Compare Nick to Jack.
Example: tall.
Response: Nick is taller than Jack.
1. Tall 2. strong 3. lazy 4. young 5. happy 6. kind.
Task 2.
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Try to remember the following idioms as quickly as you can: |
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As free as a bird As busy as a bee As pale as the moon As light as a fly |
As brave as a lion As true as a dog As quick as a cat As funny as the kitten |
As cold as ice As thin as paper As good as gold As wet as fish |
Then shut the book and find two corresponding parts of the expressions in the cards on the table.
Task 3. Who can make the best compliment?
Make a compliment to a girl from your group. Use adjectives in the superlative degree.
(She may use the following commentaries: Thank you, I’m happy to know that. Thanks for a compliment. You don’t say so! Do you really mean it? You make me blush).
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МОДАЛЬНІ ДІЄСЛОВА (Modal Verbs) |
Can
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Modal Use |
Positive Forms 1. = Present 2. = Past 3. = Future |
Negative Forms 1. = Present 2. = Past 3. = Future |
You can use: |
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can general ability фізична або розумова здатність, уміння або можливість |
1. I can speak Chinese
2. SHIFTS TO “could” I could speak Chinese when I was a kid.
3. SHIFTS TO “be able to” I will be able to speak Chinese by the time I finish my course. |
1. I can’t speak Swahili. 2. SHIFTS TO “could” I couldn’t speak Swahili. 3. SHIFTS TO “be able to” I won’t be able to speak Swahili. |
to be able |
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can permission дозвіл |
1. I can drive Susan’s car when she is out of town.
2. SHIFTS TO “be allowed” I was allowed to drive Susan’s car while she was out of town last week.
3. I can drive Susan’s car while she is out of town next week. |
1. I can’t drive Susan’s car when she is out of town.
2. SHIFTS TO “be allowed” I wasn’t allowed to drive Susan’s car while she was out of town last week.
3. I can’t drive Susan’s car while she is out of town next week. |
may |
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can request прохання |
Can I have a glass of water?
Can you give me a lift to school?
(Requests usually refer to the near future.) |
Can’t I have a glass of water?
Can’t you give me a lift to school?
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could may |
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can possibility / impossibility ймовірність / можливість / неймовірність |
Anyone can become rich and famous if they study and work hard.
Learning English language can be her real future career.
(This use is usually a generalization or supposition) |
It can’t cost more than a dollar or two.
You can’t be 45! I thought you were about 18 years old.
(This use is usually a generalization or supposition.) |
could |
Could
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Modal Use |
Positive Forms 1. = Present 2. = Past 3. = Future |
Negative Forms 1. = Present 2. = Past 3. = Future |
You can use: |
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could possibility ймовірність / можливість |
1. John could be the one who stole the money.
2. John could have been the one who stole the money. |
1. Mary couldn’t be the one who stole the money. 2. Mary couldn’t have been the one who stole the money. |
might, may |
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could condition (can, could) умова |
1. If I had more time, I could travel around the world.
2. If I had had more time, I could have travelled around the world.
3. If I had more time this winter, I could travel around the world. |
1. Even if I had more time, I couldn’t travel around the world.
2.
Even if I had
3. Even if I had more time this winter, I could travel around the world. |
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could suggestion порада / пропозиція / вказівка / натяк |
1. NO PRESENT FORM 2. You could have spent your vacation in Hawaii.
3.You could spend your vacation in Hawaii. |
NO NEGATIVE FORMS |
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could past ability можливість / здатність / уміння у минулому |
I could run ten miles in my twenties.
I could speak Chinese when I was a kid. |
I couldn’t run more than a mile in my twenties.
I couldn’t speak Swahili. |
be able to
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could polite request ввічливе прохання |
Could I have something to drink? Could I borrow your stapler?
(Requests usually refer to the near future.) |
Couldn’t he come with us? Couldn’t you help me with this? (Requests usually refer to the near future.) |
May
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Modal Use |
Positive Forms 1. = Present 2. = Past 3. = Future |
Negative Forms 1. = Present 2. = Past 3. = Future |
You can use: |
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may possibility припущення / можливості, що залежать від певних обставин: з відтінками сумніву, невпевненості |
1. Jack may be upset. I can’t really tell if he is annoyed or tired.
2. Jack may have been upset. I couldn’t really tell if he was annoyed or tired.
3. Jack may get upset if you don’t tell him the truth. |
1. Jack may not be upset. Perhaps he is tired.
2. Jack may not have been upset. Perhaps he was tired.
3. Jack may not get upset, even if you tell him the truth |
might |
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may permission дозвіл |
1. You may leave the table now that you’ve finished with your dinner.
2. SHIFT TO “be allowed to” You were allowed to leave the table after you finished your dinner.
3. You may leave the table when you finish your dinner. |
1. You may not leave the table. you’ve not finished with your dinner yet.
2. SHIFT TO “have to” You were not allowed to leave the table because you hadn’t finished your dinner. 3. You may not leave the table until you are finished with your dinner. |
can |
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may request прохання
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May I borrow your eraser? May I make a phone call?
(Requests usually refer to the near future.) |
NO NEGATIVE FORM |
can, might |
Might
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Modal Use |
Positive Forms 1. = Present 2. = Past 3. = Future |
Negative Forms 1. = Present 2. = Past 3. = Future |
You can use: |
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might possibility припущення з можливістю, що залежить від певних обставин; з відтінком сумніву, невпевненості |
1. She might be on the bus. I think her car is having problems.
2. She might have taken the bus. I’m not sure how she got to work.
3. She might take the bus to get home. I don’t think Bill will be able to give her a ride. |
1. She might not be on the bus. She might be walking home. 2. She might not have taken the bus. She might have walked home. 3. She might not take the bus. She might get a ride from Bill. |
could, may |
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might condition (may, might) умова
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1. If I entered the contest, I might actually win.
2. If I had entered the contest, I might actually have won.
3. If I entered the contest tomorrow, I might actually win. Unfortunately, I can’t enter it. |
1. Even if I entered the contest, I might not win.
2. Even if I had entered the contest, I might not have won.
3. Even if I entered the contest tomorrow, I might not win. |
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might suggestion порада |
1. NO PRESENT FORM
2. You might have tried the cheese cake.
3. You might try the cheese cake. |
1. NO PRESENT FORM 2. PAST FORM UNCOMMON
3. You might not want to eat the cheese cake. It’s very calorific. |
could |
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might request (British form) прохання (британський варіант) |
Might
I have some- Might I borrow the stapler?
(Requests usually refer to the near future.) |
NEGATIVE FORMS UNCOMMON |
could, may, can |
Must
|
Modal Use |
Positive Forms 1. = Present 2. = Past 3. = Future |
Negative Forms 1. = Present 2. = Past 3. = Future |
You can use: |
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must certainty впевненість / припущення, що межує з упевненістю
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1. That must be Jerry. They said he was tall with bright red hair.
2. That must have been the right restaurant. There are no other restaurants on this street.
3. NO FUTURE FORM |
1. That must not be Jerry. He is supposed to have red hair.
2. That must not have been the right restaurant. I guess there is another one around here somewhere.
3. NO FUTURE FORM |
have to |
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must not prohibition заборона |
You must not swim in that river. It’s full of crocodiles. You must not forget to take your malaria medication while your are in the tropics. (Prohibition usually refer to the near future.) |
–
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should
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must strong recommendation (Americans prefer the form “should”) наказ / порада (американці віддають перевагу формі “should”) |
1. You must take some time off and get some rest.
2. SHIFT TO “should” You should have taken some time off last week to get some rest. 3. SHIFT TO “should” You should take some time off next week to get some rest. |
1. You mustn’t drink so much. It’s not good for your health. 2. SHIFT TO “should” You shouldn’t have drunk so much. That caused the accident. 3. SHIFT TO “should” You shouldn’t drink at the party. You are going to be the designated driver. |
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must necessity (Americans prefer “ to have to”) обов’язок / необхідність (американці віддають перевагу “ to have to”)
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1. You must have a permit to enter the national park.
2. SHIFT TO “have to” We had to have a permit to enter the park.
3. We must get a permit to enter the park next week.
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1. SHIFT TO “have to” We don’t have to get a permit to enter the national park. 2. SHIFT TO “have to” We didn’t have to get a permit to enter the national park.
3. SHIFT TO “have to” We won’t have to get a permit to enter the national park |
have to |