ВУЗ: Не указан
Категория: Не указан
Дисциплина: Не указана
Добавлен: 30.10.2019
Просмотров: 2032
Скачиваний: 1
11
Запомните
наиболее
употребительные
слова
общего
характера
:
1.
abnormality
2.
cause
3.
complication
патология
причина
осложнение
4.
duration
продолжительность
5.
findings
результаты
,
данные
(
исследования
)
6.
follow-up
катамнез
;
последующее
врачебное
наблюдение
7.
frequency
частота
8.
general population
население
в
целом
;
общая
популяция
9.
importance
важность
10.
incidence (prevalence, morbidity
rate)
заболеваемость
,
распространенность
(
заболевания
),
частота
(
заболеваний
)
11.
management (Syn. treatment)
12.
mean (Syn. average)
13.
onset
лечение
средний
начало
14.
overall evidence
совокупные
данные
15.
outcome
результат
,
исход
16.
prevention (Syn. prophylaxis)
предотвращение
,
профилактика
17.
rate
18.
recovery
скорость
,
частота
,
коэффициент
восстановление
,
выздоровление
19.
report
сообщение
20.
research (Syn. investigation,
study)
исследование
21.
response
ответ
,
реакция
22.
review (Syn. survey)
обзор
23.
severe
24.
severity
резкий
,
сильный
,
тяжелый
тяжесть
25.
significantly
значительно
,
существенно
;
достоверно
26.
similar to
подобный
,
похожий
12
Упражнение
3.
Переведите
следующие
выражения
:
the overall evidence suggests that; the only found abnormality was; the outcomes
of hospital management; the findings of the survey showed that; the radiologic
study revealed stomach involvement; the expected response to the antibiotic;
severe pain in the leg; the mean follow-up period was 10 years; to find the
underlying cause of the disease; to calculate the glomerular filtration rate;
secondary prevention; to establish the incidence of pneumonia in general
population; the counted frequency of urination; to experience stress symptoms; to
shorten the duration of colds; to develop severe complications after the operation;
to take vitamine C at onset of a cold; severity of disease; complication of asthma,
neurological recovery; prevalence of asymptomatic brain
infarcts; cause of
inflammation.
Упражнение
4.
Переведите
на
русский
язык
фрагменты
предложений
,
обращая
внимание
на
цели
исследования
.
1.
The objective was to assess the capacity (
способность
) of progestins to
influence … .
2.
44B
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of gluten on … .
3. We conducted a study to determine the prevalence of
brain infarcts in patients
with … .
3.
The objective of this study was to determine the rate of … .
4.
Our purpose was to establish the incidence of
bronchopneumonia in patients …
5.
We conducted a study to investigate a possible association between
… and … .
6.
We evaluated the frequency of urinary tract infection in children with … .
7.
This survey analyzed perceptions (
мнения
) of physicians, nurses, patients and
relatives about effectiveness of … .
8.
We evaluated the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of children with …
9.
We assessed the survival rate (
коэффициент
выживаемости
) in kidney donors
during … .
10.
The present
report describes the clinical picture and microbiological
characteristics of this condition … .
11.
This review assessed the effects of antibiotic treatment for patients with … .
12.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology, management, and
outcomes of children with … .
Упражнение
5.
Переведите
предложения
,
в
которых
содержится
косвенный
вопрос
,
на
русский
язык
.
Обратите
внимание
,
на
то
,
что
слово
whether
вводит
придаточное
дополнительное
предложение
.
Перевод
придаточного
дополнительного
предложения
следует
начинать
с
перевода
сказуемого
,
к
которому
следует
добавить
частицу
ли
.
13
Образец
:
We investigated
whether
active yogurt bacteria improve human
immunity.
Мы
исследовали
,
повышают
ли
активные
йогуртовые
культуры
иммунитет
человека
.
1.
The purpose of this study was to reveal whether stress
worsens the clinical
symptomatology of the disease.
2.
In this study, we investigated whether nitrate therapy affords protection against
ischemic events.
3.
The aim of this study was to determine whether certain patient characteristics
could predict antibiotic use for acute bronchitis.
4.
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether thromboxane inhibition
can
affect renal perfusion.
5.
This study examined whether low-dose antibiotic therapy prevents urinary tract
infection in children.
6.
This study examined whether higher intakes (
повышенное
потребление
) of
milk
and other calcium-rich foods during adult years can reduce the
risk of
osteoporotic fractures.
7.
We investigated whether infection was a cause of sudden death in infancy
(
ранний
детский
возраст
).
8.
We investigated whether primary prevention of coronary heart disease might be
more effective than secondary prevention.
Упражнение
6.
Прочитайте
рефераты
медицинских
статей
.
Обратите
особое
внимание
на
краткое
описание
проблем
и
целей
исследований
.
12B
a) RELATIONSHIP OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY TO CORONARY
HEART DISEASE RISK FACTORS IN ADULTHOOD
David S. Freedman
,
Laura Kettel Khan
,
William H Dietz
,
and
Gerald S. Berenson
PEDIATRICS, Vol. 108, No. 3, September 1, 2001, pp. 712-718
BACKGROUND
Childhood obesity is related to adult levels of lipids, blood
pressure, and insulin and to morbidity from coronary
heart
disease (CHD).
OBJECTIVE
To establish the importance of the age at which
obesity develops.
DESIGN
We performed a prospective, observational study to assess the
relationship of childhood body mass index (BMI, kg/m
2
) to adult levels of lipids,
insulin, and blood pressure among
2617 participants. All participants were initially
examined at
ages 2 to 17 years and were reexamined at ages 18 to 37 years;
the
mean follow-up period was 17 years.
RESULTS
Of the overweight children, 77% remained obese as adults. Although
obese adults had increased
levels of lipids, insulin, and blood pressure, levels of
these
risk factors did not vary with childhood weight status or with
the age ( 8
years, 12-17 years, or 18 years) of obesity onset.
14
CONCLUSIONS
Additional data are needed to assess the independent
relationship of childhood weight to CHD morbidity rate.
obesity –
ожирение
relationship –
взаимосвязь
body mass index –
индекс
массы
тела
b) DIETARY CALCIUM CONSUMPTION AND ITS RELATION WITH
STRESS SYMPTOMS OF ADOLESCENTS
Fatma Arpaci, Saime Kücükkömürler
The Internet Journal of Nutrition and Wellness, 2007, Volume4, Issue 1
BACKGROUND
There have been found some associations between nutritional
and vitamin deficiencies and stress. But no study has been performed to examine
the relation between stress symptoms and diet calcium.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate dietary calcium consumption and its relation with
stress symptoms of healthy adolescents.
METHOD
A prospective, questionnaire survey investigated 88 volunteer
university students. Nutrients taken during 1-day period were recorded and
estimated. Calcium levels were calculated. A questionnaire containing 19 stress
symptoms was applied.
RESULTS
Dietary calcium level of 70.5 % of adolescents is low. Physiological
and psychological stress symptoms in the adolescents having a normal level of
calcium did not significantly change compared to those having a low level of
calcium.
CONCLUSION
It was found that stress symptom experience of adolescents was
not affected by dietary calcium levels and that both the adolescents having a low
level calcium and those having normal level calcium experienced stress symptoms.
а
ssociation –
взаимосвязь
consumption –
потребление
adolescent –
подросток
15
Материалы
и
методы
исследования
ЗАНЯТИЕ
3
Выучите
слова
и
выражения
,
наиболее
часто
употребляемые
в
рефератах
:
1.
bibliographical searches
библиографические
исследования
2.
blind study
слепой
метод
исследования
3.
case-control study
H
исследование
методом
случай
-
контроль
H
,
H
исследование
сходных
случаев
4.
clinical trial
клиническ
o
е
испытание
(
исследование
)
5.
cohort study
когортное
исследование
(
группы
людей
)
6.
consecutive
отобранный
произвольно
7.
control
H
представитель
контрольной
группы
8.
cross-sectional study
одномоментное
поперечное
исследование
9.
double-blinded study (double-
blinded design)
метод
двойного
слепого
исследования
10.
follow-up study
катамнестическое
исследование
(
изучение
отдаленных
результатов
)
11.
imaging study
визуализация
(
исследование
с
получением
изображения
)
12.
individual
индивидуум
,
человек
13.
logistic regression model
логистическая
регрессионная
модель
14.
longitudinal analysis
продольный
анализ
15.
multicenter study
многоцентровое
исследование
16.
observational studies
обсервационные
(
неэкспериментальные
)
исследования