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21
Результаты
и
выводы
исследования
ЗАНЯТИЕ
4
Выучите
слова
и
выражения
,
наиболее
часто
употребляемые
в
рефератах
:
1.
be aware of
знать
o
2.
beneficial
полезный
;
целебный
3.
change
изменение
4.
community-acquired disease
негоспитальное
(
внебольничное
,
бытовое
)
заболевание
5.
condition
заболевание
6.
correlation
корреляция
,
взаимодействие
,
взаимосвязь
7.
definite
определенный
;
точный
,
достоверный
8.
difference
разница
,
различие
9.
efficiency (Syn. efficacy,
effectiveness)
эффективность
10.
figure (Syn. number)
число
11.
index
индекс
,
показатель
,
коэффициент
12.
intervention group
группа
вмешательства
(
медицинского
)
13.
invasive procedure
инвазивная
процедура
14.
long-acting
пролонгированного
(
длительного
)
действия
15.
long - life (Syn. long-term)
длительный
,
стойкий
,
долгосохраняющийся
16.
morbidity
заболеваемость
17.
mortality
смертность
18.
pattern
образец
;
модель
;
картина
19.
percentage
процент
,
процентное
соотношение
20.
persistent
устойчивый
21.
predictive
прогностический
,
предсказыващий
22.
probable
вероятный
23.
recurrence
возврат
,
рецидив
24.
resistant
устойчивый
,
резистентный
;
не
поддающийся
(
лечению
)
22
25.
respectively
соответственно
26.
reversible (Ant. irreversible)
обратимый
(
ант
.
необратимый
)
27.
sensitiv
е
to
чувствительный
к
28.
statistically significant
статистически
значимый
29.
survival
выживание
,
выживаемость
30.
tolerance
переносимость
31.
value
показатель
,
величина
,
значение
Упражнение
1.
Переведите
предложения
на
русский
язык
,
обратите
внимание
на
перевод
выделенных
слов
.
1. Physicians should
be aware of
this adverse (
нежелательном
) effect so that they
can avoid unnecessary
invasive procedures.
2.
Cranberry (
клюква
) products were more effective for women with
recurrent
urinary tract infections, than other groups.
3. This method provides a significant advantage (
преимущество
) in accurate
prediction
of values when compared to other methods.
4. It is the most common radiographic
pattern
of pneumococcal pneumonia in
patients requiring hospitalization.
5. Honey (
мёд
) was found to be
beneficial
in the prevention of hepatic damage
due to obstruction of the common bile duct.
6. Patients with
definite
or
probable
pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) were
significantly older than those without clinical PTB.
7. The
survival
of kidneys donors appears to be
similar to
that in the general
population.
8. There was no significant
correlation
between B-cell
numbers
and antibody
levels.
9. These data demonstrate no statistically significant
differences
in
the efficiency
of the investigated methods of treatment.
10.
Long-term
antibody responses against tetanus (
столбняк
) and diphtheria
waned (
ослабевали
) more quickly.
11. Thus, these
treatment decisions
should be more
sensitive
to patient
tolerance
of therapy.
12. The prevalence of was
similar to
that among controls from the National Health
Nutrition Examination Survey.
13. The incorrectly
perceived
(
воспринимаемые
) high severity and expected
mortality
and
morbidity
were the main causes why treating physicians believed
that inpatient treatment was necessary.
14. The
difference was persistent
after adjustment for (
согласования
в
отношении
) age, sex, race, and parental education.
15. Compared with controls, children in the
intervention group
had
significant
changes in body mass
index
(intervention group vs control group
changes
: 18.38
to 18.67 kg/m2 vs 18.10 to18.81 kg/m2,
respectively)
.
23
16. No
statistically significant
differences were noted.
Упражнение
2.
Прочитайте
рефераты
медицинских
статей
.
Обратите
особое
внимание
на
результаты
и
выводы
.
a) THE EFFECTS OF DAILY STRESS AND STRESSFUL LIFE EVENTS
ON THE CLINICAL SYMPTOMATOLOGY OF PATIENTS WITH LUPUS
ERYTHEMATOSUS
Maria I. Peralta-Ramírez, Juan Jiménez-Alonso, et al
Psychosomatic Medicine, September 1, 2004, Vol. 60, No. 5, pp. 788-794
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to reveal whether stress
worsens the
clinical symptomatology perceived by patients with
lupus erythematosus. We
investigated two types
of stressors—daily stress and high-intensity stressful
life
events.
DESIGN
An observational prospective study.
METHODS
In 46 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and
12 patients with
chronic lupus discoid (
дисковидная
красная
волчанка
), we studied the stress
they
experienced daily for 6 months and their disease symptoms.
The systemic lupus
erythematosus
activity and cumulative organ damage were also analyzed.
RESULTS
We did not reveal that high-intensity stressful life
events produced a
worsening of the symptomatology of the disease.
However, we found
that a high
percentage of lupus patients (74.1%) perceived a
worsening in their clinical
symptomatology due to the effects
of daily stress.
CONCLUSION
Daily stress, and not stressful life events, worsened
the clinical
symptomatology perceived by lupus erythematosus
patients.
worsen –
ухудшать
high-intensity stressful
life events –
стрессовые
жизненные
события
высокой
интенсивности
lupus erythematosus –
красная
волчанка
lupus discoid –
дисковидная
красная
волчанка
b) TOBACCO USE BY MASSACHUSETTS PUBLIC COLLEGE
STUDENTS: LONG TERM EFFECT OF THE MASSACHUSETTS
TOBACCO CONTROL PROGRAM
N A Rigotti, S Regan, J Knight
Tobacco Control, June2002, Vol. 11
BACKGROUND
Tobacco use is common among public college students.
OBJECTIVE
To assess tobacco use among Massachusetts public college students
and compare students who attended high school in Massachusetts and were
exposed to the Massachusetts Tobacco Control Program (MTCP) with students
24
who attended high school outside Massachusetts and were unexposed to the
programme.
DESIGN
Analysis of the 1999 Massachusetts College Alcohol Survey.
SUBJECTS
1252 randomly selected students.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Self report of current (past 30 day), past year,
and lifetime use of cigarettes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco.
RESULTS
One third of students had used a tobacco product in the past month and
46.4% had used tobacco in the past year. Current tobacco use was lower among
public college students who had attended high school in Massachusetts compared
with those who attended high school in another state (31.5% vs 42.6%). This
difference was persistent after adjustment for age, sex, race, parental education,
and students' college residence.
CONCLUSION
Students who were exposed to the MTCP during high school are
less likely to use tobacco than their peers (
ровесники
) who were not exposed to
this programme. The MTCP may have reduced tobacco use among this group of
young adults.
public college –
муниципальный
(
государственный
)
университет
peers –
ровесники
25
Сердечно
-
сосудистая
система
ЗАНЯТИЕ
5
Выучите
слова
и
выражения
,
наиболее
часто
употребляемые
в
рефератах
:
1.
acute coronary event
острый
H
коронарный
приступ
H
2.
acute coronary syndrome
H
острый
коронарный
синдром
3.
admission diagnosis
H
диагноз
при
поступлении
4.
auscultatory evidence
аускультативные
признаки
5.
baseline
исходный
6.
calcium channel blocker
H
блокатор
кальциевых
каналов
H
,
H
антагонист
кальция
7.
cardiovascular risks factors
факторы
риска
сердечно
-
сосудистых
заболеваний
8.
chest pain
боль
в
груди
9.
clinical presentation
H
клинические
проявления
H
,
клиническая
картина
10.
coronary heart disease
H
ишемическая
болезнь
сердца
H
,
H
коронарная
болезнь
11.
coronary heart disease score
шкала
оценки
риска
коронарной
болезни
сердца
12.
Doppler echocardiography
H
допплер
-
эхокардиография
H
,
H
доплеровская
эхокардиография
13.
Doppler imaging
H
допплеровская
визуализация
14.
evolution
развитие
15.
exertion
(
физическое
)
напряжение
,
усилие
16.
hypertension
H
повышенное
кровяное
давление
H
,
H
гипертония
17.
ischemic events (episodes)
ишемические
события
18.
mitral or aortic regurgitation
H
аортальная
или
митральная
регургитация
H
(
перемещение
содержимого
полого
органа