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16
17.
participant (Syn. subject, volunteer)
участник
(
клинического
исследования
)
18.
placebo-controlled study
плацебо
-
контролируемое
исследование
19.
population (-based) study
демографическое
исследование
20.
prospective study
проспективное
исследование
21.
questionnaire survey
анкетное
обследование
,
анкетирование
22.
randomized study
рандомизированное
исследование
(
безвыборочным
методом
)
23.
retrospective study
ретроспективное
(
историческое
)
исследование
24.
sampling
выборочный
метод
;
выборка
25.
self report
самоотчет
(
методика
оценки
человеком
самого
себя
)
26.
score
показатель
(
обычно
балльный
),
шкала
27.
scoring method
метод
измерения
28.
screening
отборочное
исследование
;
скриннинг
29.
variable
переменная
(
величина
)
Упражнение
1.
Найдите
соответствие
терминов
и
их
определений
:
1.
Одномоментное
поперечное
исследование
A)
Исследование
изменений
показателей
во
времени
внутри
определенной
группы
участников
2.
Продольный
анализ
B)
Исследование
,
включающее
однократно
исследуемые
группы
3.
Слепое
исследование
С
) B
рамках
этого
исследования
данные
собираются
путем
простого
наблюдения
событий
4.
Двойное
слепое
исследование
D)
Исследование
,
при
котором
пациенты
делятся
на
2
группы
,
одна
получает
исследуемое
лекарство
,
а
другой
,
контрольной
группе
,
дается
плацебо
(
нейтральное
вещество
в
форме
лекарственного
средства
)
5.
Проспективное
исследование
E)
Исследование
,
при
котором
некоторые
из
участников
получают
не
изучаемое
лекарство
,
а
плацебо
,
но
не
догадываются
об
этом
6.
Ретроспективное
исследование
F) B
данном
исследовании
не
только
пациенты
,
но
и
медицинские
работники
,
дающие
пациентам
лекарство
,
не
знают
,
что
дается
–
исследуемое
лекарство
или
плацебо
17
7.
Обсервационное
исследование
G)
Исследование
,
при
котором
пациенты
распределяются
на
группы
вмешательства
и
контроля
случайным
образом
8.
Плацебо
-
контролируемое
исследование
H)
В
данном
исследовании
изучаются
результаты
проведенных
ранее
клинических
исследований
9.
Рандомизированное
исследование
I)
Исследование
,
в
котором
участники
будут
получать
исследуемое
лекарственное
средство
,
до
того
как
наступят
исходы
Упражнение
2.
Переведите
предложения
на
русский
язык
,
обращая
внимание
на
материалы
и
методы
исследования
.
1.
One hundred adult
volunteers
participated in this
randomized prospective
study
.
2.
We performed
bibliographical searches
of a surgical database.
3.
We
retrospectively reviewed
the
imaging studies
from the past 5 years of 38
children.
4.
Incidence of disease
was followed-up
for a mean period of 10.5 years
.
5.
We reviewed 1597
consecutive
autopsies of HIV-positive patients performed
between 1984 and 2000.
6.
We performed
a longitudinal analysis
of antibody titers specific for viral
antigens in 45
subjects
for a period of up to 26 years.
7.
We performed a MEDLINE search of English-language literature from 1966-
2004 with particular attention to data from
randomized clinical studies
.
8.
Scoring methods
have been developed to identify coronary heart disease.
9.
We developed a rule to rule out (
исключить
) coronary heart disease by means
of a
logistic regression model
.
10.
Fourteen patients were studied according to a
randomized, double-blinded,
cross-over design
.
11.
We performed a
prospective, observational questionnaire survey
in
hospitalized patients with lower respiratory tract infections as part of a
multicenter cohort study
.
12.
Two hundred healthcare workers were
screened.
13.
Ten patients had subclinical carditis on admission, six of whom
were
followed-up
for five years.
14.
Data were collected from a
multicenter clinical cohort studies
including 672
consecutive patients
with chest pain
.
15.
We conducted a
randomized, placebo-controlled, blinded study
of 8 weeks
of treatment with placebo, growth hormone or testosterone.
16.
The purpose of this
population-based, case-control study
was to test
(
проверить
) the hypothesis that long-term mobile phone use increases the risk
of brain tumors.
18
17.
Detailed information about mobile phone use was collected from 371 glioma
and 273 meningioma cases and 674
controls
.
Выучите
сокращения
,
которые
часто
встречаются
в
рефератах
:
1.
vs
versus
против
2.
Ig
immunoglobulin
иммуноглобулин
3.
HIV
human immune deficiency
virus
ВИЧ
4.
AIDS
acquired immune deficiency
syndrome
СПИД
5.
CNS
central nervous system
центральная
нервная
система
6.
CT
computed tomography
компьютерная
томография
7.
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
магнито
-
резонансная
визуализация
(
томография
)
Упражнение
3.
Переведите
предложения
на
русский
язык
,
обратите
внимание
на
используемые
в
них
сокращения
.
1.
The prevalence of HIV-related lesions in the four periods was respectively 54%,
32%, 18% and 15%; this reduction was statistically significant.
2. These neuropathological data confirm the effectiveness of antiretroviral
treatment in reducing the frequency of HIV-related CNS lesions in AIDS patients.
3.
С
T, pathology and surgery reports were reviewed.
4. The results of our study show the ability
of MRI to provide additional
information useful for the management of patients in cases of pelvic abscess.
5. Urinary
tract infection was present in 11% and was more commonly present
in
girls than in boys (33% vs 3%).
6. Blood eosinophil count and total
IgE and specific IgE were measured at 4 years
of age.
Упражнение
4.
Прочитайте
рефераты
медицинских
статей
.
Обратите
особое
внимание
на
материалы
и
методы
исследования
.
a) RISK OF STROKE AND HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY
H
Cairu Li
H
,
H
Gunnar Engstrom
H
,
H
Bo Hedblad
Maturitas, 2006, Vol. 54, Issue 1, pp. 11-18
THE PURPOSE
of this study was to examine the risk of stroke in relation to use
of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) among middle-aged and older Swedish
women.
19
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We performed a prospective cohort study of
16,906 women, 45–73 years old, from Malmö (Má
льмё
), Sweden. Women were
considered as HRT users if they took systemic hormone therapy regularly.
Incidence of stroke was followed for a mean period of 10.5 years.
RESULTS
In all, 2148 (12.7%) women used HRT. A total of 461 stroke cases
occurred during follow-up, 48 of them in HRT users. Incidence of total stroke had
no significant relation to HRT use. However, an increased risk of hemorrhagic
stroke was found in women taking estrogen. Although not significantly, the risk of
stroke was 33% lower in women who started their treatment before menopause.
Among HRT users, the risk of stroke was associated with advancing age, smoking,
excess body weight and hypertension.
CONCLUSIONS
There is no significant association between hormone therapy
and risk of total stroke in women during 10.5 years follow-up. Preparations of
estrogen and time for initiation of treatment may affect the risk of stroke.
hormone replacement therapy –
гормонозамещающая
терапия
stroke –
удар
,
инсульт
however –
однако
,
тем
не
менее
2B
b)
THE EFFECTS OF GROWTH HORMONE ON BODY COMPOSITION
AND PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE IN ATHLETES
H
Nelson AE
H
,
H
Hansen JL
H
,
H
Clifford D
H
Annals of Internal Medicine, 2010, Vol. 152. Issue 9, pp. 568-577
BACKGROUND
Growth hormone is widely used by athletes, frequently with
androgenic steroids. Its effects on physical performance are unclear.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the effect of growth hormone alone or with
testosterone on body composition and performance.
DESIGN
Randomized, placebo-controlled, blinded study of 8 weeks of treatment
followed by a 6-week washout period.
PARTICIPANTS
96 athletes (63 men and 33 women) with a mean age of 27.9
years.
MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS
Men received placebo, growth hormone,
testosterone, or combined treatments. Women received either placebo or growth
hormone. Body composition and physical performance variables were analysed.
Growth hormone significantly reduced fat mass, increased lean body mass, and
increased body cell mass in men when coadministered with testosterone. Growth
hormone significantly increased sprint capacity in men and women and when
coadministered with testosterone to men; other performance measures did not
significantly change.
CONCLUSION
Growth hormone influenced body composition and increased
sprint capacity when administered alone and in combination with testosterone.
20
physical performance –
физическая
работоспособность
washout period –
период
вымывания
sprint capacity – c
коростная
способность
lean body mass –
безжировая
масса
тела
coadministered –
назначенный
совместно
(
с
)