2. Make up a dialogue using the phrases above and role-play the conversation with your partner.

UNIT 5

The Legislative Power of the Russian Federation

1. Grammar Focus:	Infinitive Constructions: For-phrase
2. Topic Activities (Reading & Speaking):	.Text 1. The Legislature of the RF Text 2. Russian Constitution Text 3. The Structure and Content of the Russian Constitution
3. Conversation & Writing Practice:	.Asking for Opinions

GRAMMAR FOCUS

FOR-PHRASE

(The For-to-Infinitive Construction)

Инфинитивный оборот с предлогом for

Структура	Главное предложение I waited	for for	существительное или объектное местоимение theman him	+ to-Infinitive to speak.
Перевод	Я ждал, когда человек (он) заговорит. подлежащее сказуемое В обороте «for-phrase» forне переводится, а указывает, что объект, следующий за ним, является подлежащимк сказуе­мому, выраженному инфинитивом. Способ перевода зависит от функции оборота в предложении.

Функции оборота

Весь оборот выступает в функции одного члена предложения:

• 
  подлежащего:
  

It is not for me to say so. Не мне это говорить. It is necessary for him to finish his work. Ему необходимо закончить работу.

• 
  дополнения:
  

I’m anxious for him to win the prize.Я очень хочу, чтобы он получил приз.

• 
  определения:
  

Here is the article for you to read. Вот статья, которую тебе следует прочитать.

---

• 
  обстоятельствацелиилирезультата:
  

Hestoodasideforustopassin(цель).Он отступил в сторону, чтобы мы могли пройти.

The day was cold enough for us to have a bad time (результат). День был довольно холодным, и мы плохо провели время.

1. 
   Practise translating the sentences with “for-phrase”:
   
2. 
   It is unusual for the mother to be seen smoking.
   
3. 
   It is best for everybody not to smoke at all.
   
4. 
   The main difficulty was for him to get away from the police.
   
5. 
   They have arranged for you to have a private room.
   
6. 
   We are anxious for our sportsmen to succeed in the Olympic Games.
   
7. 
   Your attitude to lies made it difficult for him to tell you the truth.
   
8. 
   There is no one for the children to play with at their grandparents’ place.
   
9. 
   It is not the right time for us to speak about his failure.
   
10. 
    There are only very limited opportunities for young people to join the police as cadets in England.
    
11. 
    The rain can last long enough for us to miss the train.
    
12. 
    The only thing for you to do is to go to the police and tell the truth.
    
13. 
    It was natural for a daughter to believe her mother to have been innocent.
    
14. 
    The evidence was not definite enough for the police to arrest the suspect.
    
15. 
    In many lawyers’ opinion it is important for the suspects not to say anything until their solicitor has the chance to give advice.
    
16. 
    The caution (предупреждение при задержании) makes it more difficult for the suspect to remain silent with impunity (безнака­занно).
    
17. 
    When the young are together it is wise for an old man to be with other old men or to be away – it is an old saying … (P. Abrahams)
    
18. 
    He was well enough known in the theatrical world for her to be flattered with the compliments he paid her.
    
19. 
    They talked so much together that it was inevitable for her at last to learn his views on marriage.
    
20. 
    The thought flashed through her mind that Michael had brought her down for his parents to inspect her.
    
21. 
    She saw that he was anxious for her to make a good impression.
    
22. 
    Celia was sent out to him and he was asked to find a good place for her to continue her education.
    

2. 
   Combine two sentences using “for-phrase” according to the model:
   

e.g. He must be there in time. It is important. It is important for him to be there in time.

1. 
   She is very late. It is rather unusual.
   
2. 
   Her mother makes all decisions. It is the usual thing in their family.
   
3. 
   You should speak English as much as possible. It’ll do you good.
   
4. 
   He explained everything. It was not difficult.
   
5. 
   Peter managed to finish his work in time. It was quite an effort.
   
6. 
   You’ll spend a couple of weeks in the Alps. It will be enjoyable.
   
7. 
   Don’t make mistakes. It is important.
   
8. 
   Two people can hide in the cave. It is big enough.
   
9. 
   I want to know the details of the accident. It’s the right time.
   
10. 
    You shouldn’t stay here long. I didn’t mean that.
    
11. 
    The day was nice. We went for a picnic.
    
12. 
    He is waiting. His client is to give him a ring at the office.
    
13. 
    I can’t understand the problem. It is too difficult.
    
14. 
    Young people can enter the Law Academy. But there are limited opportunities.
    
15. 
    Don’t lose active interest in sport if you want to join the Police Service. It is important.
    

---

3. Translate the following sentences into English:

1. 
   Мне необходимо тебя видеть.
   
2. 
   Вот контракт, который Вам надо подписать.
   
3. 
   Наступило время мне диктовать свои условия (todictateterms).
   
4. 
   У нас слишком мало времени, чтобы я успел тебе всё рассказать.
   
5. 
   Важно, чтобы ты понял свою ошибку.
   
6. 
   Мне неудобно (uncomfortable) жить в такой маленькой квартире.
   
7. 
   Правительству необходимо быть в контакте с народом (tobeincontactwiththepublic).
   
8. 
   Единственное, что ты можешь сделать, это рассказать правду.
   

TOPIC ACTIVITIES

READING & SPEAKING
1. Learn the following words:

to divide	делить
to represent	представлять
chamber	палата
council	совет
bicameral	двухпалатный
to approve	одобрять
treaty	договор
to declare	объявлять
war	война
to create	создавать
voice	голос
entity	субъект
faction	фракция
term	срок
to vote	голосовать
draft law	проект закона
powers	полномочия
armed forces	вооруженные силы
to be eligible to	иметь право (быть избранным)
to run	баллотироваться
to consider	рассматривать
majority	большинство
to reject	отвергать, отклонять

2. Guess the meaning of the following international words:

Presidential, republic, federation, national, referendum, administratively, region, autonomous, national, territory, parliament, assembly, budget, constitution, explicitly, political, to exist, to nominate, special, declaration, impeachment, deputy, party, list, proportional, form, commission, compromise.

---

3. 
   Expand your vocabulary through word-building.
   

President – presidential; republic – republican; federation – federal - federative; nation – national - international; administrative – administration – administratively; to divide –division; region – regional; autonomy – autonomous; territory – territorial; legislative – legislature; to represent – representative – representation; to assemble – assembly; to approve – to disapprove; budget - budgetary; to declare – declaration; voice – voiceless; explicit – explicitly; to state – statement; to exist – existence; direct – direction - directly – indirectly; to elect – election; to nominate – nomination; to depend – dependence – independence; to complete – complete – incomplete; to vote – vote – voter; to impeach – impeachment; to decide - decision – decisive; to use – use – useful – useless; proportion – proportional - disproportional representation; to consider – consideration; to reject – rejection.

4. 
   Look through the text and match the underlined English words and expressions with the following Russian equivalents:
   

субъекты РФ; Федеральное собрание; политические фракции; нижняя палата; объявлять войну; Совет Федерации; в отличие от; собственные полномочия; пропорциональное представительство; ясно, недвусмысленно

TEXT 1

The Legislature of the Russian Federation

Russia is a federal presidential republic. The Constitution of the Russian Federation was adopted by national referendum on December 12, 1993.

Administratively, the country is divided into 46 regions, 21 non-Russian republics, 4 autonomous national areas, 9 territories, the federal cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg, and one autonomous region.

The Parliament

The legislature is represented by the Federal Assembly of Russia. It has two chambers: the State Duma – the lower house, and the Federation Council – the upper house. The bicameral Federal Assembly makes federal laws, approves treaties, the budget of the country and declares war.

The Federation Council

The Federation Council of Russia is the upper house of the Russian Parliament. Created by the 1993 constitution, it was to act as a voice of Russia’s federated entities. The Council has explicitly stated that no political factions are to exist in the upper house.

The Federation Council has 178 members and unlike the State Duma, the Council isn’t directly elected. It consists of representatives of Russia’s federal entities – each has two. One is elected by the entity’s legislature; the other is nominated by the entity’s head. The terms of the members aren’t nationally fixed, but depend on the terms of the regional bodies that chose them.

The Council works with the lower chamber to complete and vote on draft laws. But the Federation Council also has special powers of its own, including the declaration of a presidential election, impeachment of the President and decisions on the use of the armed forces outside Russia’s territory.

The State Duma

The State Duma is the lower house of the Russian Parliament. The 450 deputies are elected for terms of five years. Any Russian citizen over the age of 21 is eligible to run. All deputies are elected from party lists through proportional representation.

All bills must first be considered by the State Duma. Once a bill is passed by a majority in the Duma, a draft law is sent to the Federation Council. If the Council rejects it, the two chambers may form a commission to work out a compromise.

5. 
   Match the following English and Russian equivalents:
   

to work out a compromise powers of its own a draft law a decision on the use of the armed forces the upper house to approve treaties the lower house to adopt by referendum to reject a draft law

одобрить договор верхняя палата отклонить законопроект принять на референдуме решение использовать Вооруженные силы выработать компромисс нижняя палата законопроект свои собственные полномочия

---

6. 
   Read the text and say if the following statements are true or false:
   

Useful expressions:

It is quite so. It is true. You are right. No doubt. That’s right. Exactly. I quite agree with you. Yes, certainly. I’m afraid it is not true. I can’t agree. Far from that. You are wrong here. You are not right in saying so. Quite on the contrary.

1. 
   Russia is a unitary state.
   
2. 
   The Federation Council of Russia is the lower house of the Russian Parliament.
   
3. 
   There are a lot of political factions in the upper house.
   
4. 
   The State Duma deputies are nominated by the President.
   
5. 
   All bills are first be considered by the State Duma and then sent to All bills must first be considered by the State Duma.
   
6. 
   The two chambers must form a commission to reject a draft law.
   
7. 
   Any Russian citizen over the age of 21 is eligible to run for the State Duma.
   

7. 
   Answer the following questions:
   

1. 
   What kind of state is Russia?
   
2. 
   When was the Constitution of the Russian Federation adopted?
   
3. 
   What is the administrative division of the country?
   
4. 
   What is the highest legislative body in Russia?
   
5. 
   What are the two houses of the Federal Assembly?
   
6. 
   How many members are there in the Federal Council?
   
7. 
   What are the special powers of the Federal Council?
   
8. 
   How many deputies are there in the State Duma and what is their term?
   
9. 
   Who is eligible to run for the State Duma?
   
10. 
    Which house must all bills first be considered by?
    

8. 
   Read text 2 for more information about the legislature of the RF.
   

Learn the meaning of the following words:

acting constitution popular referendum statement chapter article section heading subheading transitory to terminate significance rights liberties to read sanctity of the home national identity freedom of conscience to assert capacity to forbid private property

действующая конституция народный референдум заявление, констатация глава статья раздел заголовок подзаголовок переходный заканчиваться значение, значимость права свободы гласить неприкосновенность жилища национальная идентичность свобода совести утверждать способность запрещать частная собственность

TEXT 2

Russian Constitution

The acting Russian Constitution was adopted on December 12 1993 in the course of the popular referendum. Its structure and content may be characterized as both, classical and innovative. It consists of Preamble and two Sections, the first of which is composed of Chapters and each Chapter includes several Articles.

As any English dictionary says, preamble is a statement at the beginning of a speech, giving its reasons and purpose. The framers of American Constitution kept this tradition, and since 1787 – so long as this Constitution was the first to be written in relatively new time - it has become a special clause at the beginning of a constitution explaining the reasons for its enactment. So, we may speak of a special genre of legal document – Constitution. And the Russian Constitution acknowledges its importance and starts with a preamble, too.

The two Sections are different in size. The first Section includes nine Chapters and each Chapter consists of Articles. The number of Articles in each Chapter

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