4) приказание, просьба, разрешение, запрет: to command – приказывать; to ask – просить; to allow – разрешать; to forbid – запрещать	4) The gang leader ordered her eyes to be bounded. Главарь банды приказал, чтобы ей завязали глаза.
5)физическое восприятие и ощущение: to see – видеть; to hear – слышать; to feel – чувствовать; to notice – замечать; to observe, to watch – наблюдать	Bare Infinitive (инфинитив без частицы to) 5) I heard him play the guitar. Я слышал, как он играл на гитаре.
6) побуждение, принуждение: to make smb do – заставить, при­нуждать; to let smb do – позволить, разрешить; to have smb do – распорядиться, попросить, чтобы ….	6) He made us do this work. Он заставил нас выполнить эту работу. He let them come later. Он позволил им прийти позже.
Примечание: После глаголов feel, hear, see в значении «знать», «понимать» употребляется не инфинитив, а придаточное предложение. e.g. I feel (see) that you are right. Я чувствую (вижу = понимаю), что ты прав. We hear you are leaving soon. Мы слышали (=знаем), что Вы скоро уезжаете.

2. Write the second sentence with the words given in brackets according to the model, then ask and answer questions in pairs:

e.g. A. Do you want to visit your friend? (my friend, me) B. No, I want my friend to visit me?

A.

1. 
   Do you want to arrange a conference? (all of us, together)
   
2. 
   Do you want to attend the conference? (everybody)
   
3. 
   Do you want to make a speech? (you, on the behalf of our team)
   
4. 
   Who do you want to speak first at the opening of the conference? (our Professor)
   
5. 
   Do you want to introduce the speakers? (the chairman)
   
6. 
   Who do you want to be a chairman? (Robert)
   
7. 
   Do you want to fix a date for the conference? (our chief)
   
8. 
   Do you want to take photos? (our photographer)
   
9. 
   Do you want to hold a champagne reception in honour of the conference participants? (Yes, but, you, help, me, make the arrangements)
   

В.

1. 
   Do you want to live in an orderly society? (everybody)
   
2. 
   Do you want to protect other people’s security? (the state)
   
3. 
   Do you want to pass and enforce laws? (the state)
   
4. 
   Do you want to speak in court? (a lawyer, on my behalf)
   
5. 
   Do you want to assist the people injured in the accident? (a doctor)
   

---

3. Say what parents (don’t) let or (don’t) make their children do using the prompts below:

e.g. Parents make their children study hard They don’t let them smoke.

tell the truth. be polite to people be rude to teachers attend classes regularly miss classes stay out later than 10 p.m. watch TV late at night tell lies.

invite friends home have an alcoholic drink give up smoking tidy the room play music loud go to parties at the weekend break the law be well-behaved

4. Fill in the gaps with “to” where necessary and go on to translate the following sentences:

A.

1) We expect out foreign cólleagues ___arrive soon. 2) We want someone ____ give us advice on international etiquette. 3) We know the Japanese ___ have the strictest rules of social and business behaviour. 4) The Japanese believe seniority (старшинство, ранг) ___be very important. 5) They never let a younger man ___be sent to complete a business deal with an older Japanese man. 6) They have everyone ___exchange business cards immediately on meeting. 7) They want everyone’s status and position ____ be established in this way. 8) You should not expect the Japanese ___ shake hands. 9) You can see them ___ bow (наклонять, кланяться) the head ___ show respect when greeting someone. 10) People consider the Americans ___ be casual (небрежно одетый) and more informal. 11) The Americans find it difficult ___ accept the more formal Japanese manners. 12) The British consider the weather ___ be the great topic of conversation between strangers. 13) The British like business matters ____ be discussed with a drink during the meal.
14) We know the Germans ____ talk business before dinner. 15) The French will have you ____ eat first and talk afterwards. They like everybody ____ be well fed and watered before they discuss anything. 16) The Japanese don’t let you ___ work while eating. They think lunch ___ be the time to relax and get to know one another.17) Guidebooks on international etiquette advise you not ____ go to Russia if you don’t drink alcohol. 18) The Russian host will make you ___match his drink for drink. If you refuse, he will think you ____ be unfriendly. (after Norman Ramshaw)

B.

1) Girls always want their boy-friends ___send them love cards.
2) He saw the police ____struggle with the crowd. 3) My father allowed me ___ use his car. He often let me ___ drive his car. 4) She watched him ___ open the door. 5) The film was very sad. It made me ____ cry. 6) The lawyer advised him not ___say anything to the police. 7) He watched them ____discuss the problem. 8) I think the demand for highly qualified lawyers ___ be constantly increasing. 9) The author believes these governmental programs ___ require new laws. 10) He found the tension among various gangs ___ be critical. 11) They expected the charges (обвинение) against him ___ be serious. 12) He saw them ___ talk to the lawyer. 13) She considered counseling (представление юридического заключения) ____ be the most time-consuming part of the lawyer’s work. 14) He didn’t believe him ___ be guilty of the crime. 15) She wanted ___ make the court ___impose a fine (наложить штраф) on the company. 16) The judge commanded the accused (обвиняемый) ___ observe order. 17) Let him ___ do what he wants. 18) They saw the plane ____ crash into the hill and ___burst into flames. 19) I heard him ___ open the door.

---

5. Rewrite the following sentences using the Complex Object according to the model:

e.g. I want to be introduced to Mr. Brown (you). I want you to introduce me to Mr. Brown.

A.

1. 
   The injured man wanted to be examined (the doctor).
   
2. 
   I don’t like to be asked personal questions (strangers).
   
3. 
   He expected to be informed on the progress in the investigation (the detective).
   
4. 
   I’d like to be introduced to him (my friend).
   
5. 
   He wants to be treated properly (the chief).
   
6. 
   The lawyer knew that the defendant was innocent.
   
7. 
   The policeman expected that the suspect hid (hide – hid – hidden) in the deserted house.
   
8. 
   The judge wanted to be informed about the details (the defendant).
   
9. 
   The investigator noticed that the suspect averted his glance.
   
10. 
    She hates when I am late. (me)
    
11. 
    I like when the children laugh.
    
12. 
    I hate when she cries. (her)
    

B.

e.g. I heard him. He answered the phone. I heard him answer the phone.

1. 
   I saw him. He filled in his résumé.
   
2. 
   I noticed him. He entered the hotel.
   
3. 
   You will have my camera for the evening. I will let you.
   
4. 
   I noticed him. He was standing on the corner.
   
5. 
   They watched him. He talked to the man.
   
6. 
   I heard them. They knocked at the door.
   
7. 
   The policeman saw the criminal. The latter climbed over the fence.
   
8. 
   The detective noticed the suspect. The latter left the place.
   
9. 
   The critic heard Richter. The great pianist played some Bach’s preludes and fugues.
   
10. 
    We know Mother Teresa. She was a very kind-hearted woman.
    
11. 
    We are in an economic predicament (затруднительное поло­жение). We want to be helped (other countries).
    
12. 
    He heard the great actor. The actor said he would like to die on the stage.
    

6. Translate from Russian into English:

1. 
   Мой отец позволил мне взять его машину.
   
2. 
   Учитель позволяет нам пользоваться словарём.
   
3. 
   Мелодрамы (sad movies) заставляют меня плакать.
   
4. 
   Я ожидал, что полиция приедет быстро.
   
5. 
   Наш начальник заставляет нас приходить на работу во время.
   
6. 
   Мы хотим, чтобы государство защищало нашу безопасность (to protect our security).
   
7. 
   Он слышал, как Королева произносила речь в Парламенте.
   
8. 
   Мы знаем, что Королева царствует, но не правит в Британии.
   
9. 
   Наш учитель любит, когда мы задаём вопросы.
   
10. 
    Он терпеть не может, когда мы опаздываем на урок.
    

TOPIC ACTIVITIES

READING & SPEAKING
1. Learn the following words:

exécutive	исполнительный;
to depend on	зависеть от;
to obtain	получать, приобретать; достигать, до­биваться
a majority	большинство;
a minority	меньшинство;
general election	всеобщие выборы;
to appoint	назначать;
to be in charge of	заведовать, руководить (ч-л);
the Minister of Defense	министр обороны;
the Home Secretary	министр внутренних дел;
to be responsible for	быть ответственным (за ч-л);
to take responsibility for	брать ответственность (за ч-л);
affáirs	дела;
to conduct	вести, руководить, проводить;
to make changes	менять, вносить изменения;
to frame	создавать, вырабатывать, составлять;
to supervise	наблюдать, надзирать, заведовать;
social services	общественные учреждения;
to take policy decisions	принимать политические решения;
to hold (held, held) meetings	проводить совещания;
convention	договор, соглашение; обычай;
to resign	уходить в отставку;
the Royal Opposition	Королевская оппозиция;
a Shadow Cabinet	теневой кабинет;
to oppose	противопоставлять; быть в оппозиции;
virtual 'və:ʧuəl	фактический, действительный,

---

2. Guess the meaning of the following international words:

democratic system, political parties, Prime Minister, to recommend, group, cabinet, minister, finance, official residence, to oppose – opposition, the leader of the opposition.
3. Translate the following word-combinations:

executive power; to choose (chose, chosen) candidates in elections; at the general election; a majority of seats; a party system of some kind; in fact; to recommend a group of ministers; cabinet ministers; the size of the Cabinet; to appoint new ministers; in the name of the Queen (King); to be controlled by Parliament; to choose MPs
4. Look through the text and match the underlined English words and expressions with their Russian equivalents:

1. 
   члены правительства, возглавляющие наиболее важные департаменты (министерства);
   
2. 
   сформировать правительство;
   
3. 
   м«государственные секретари»;
   
4. 
   инистры, руководящие государственными учреждениями;
   
5. 
   отвечает за оборонную политику;
   
6. 
   несёт ответственность за закон и порядок;
   
7. 
   управление государственными делами;
   
8. 
   фактический правитель государства;
   
9. 
   вырабатывать внешнюю и внутреннюю политику;
   
10. 
    осуществлять надзор за финансами, различными обществен­ными учреждениями и т.п.;
    
11. 
    с согласия своих министров;
    
12. 
    действовать единодушно;
    
13. 
    наибольшая из партий меньшинства
    

TEXT 1

The Executive Power in Great Britain

The British democratic system depends on political parties and there has been a party system of some kind since the seventeenth century. The political parties choose candidates in elections.

The leader of the party which obtains the majority of seats at the general election is appointed Prime Minister and is formally asked by the Sovereign to recommend a group of ministers to form a government.

The Prime Minister chooses about twenty members of the government heading the most important departments to become cabinet ministers. Ministers in charge of Government departments are known as “Secretaries of State” or “ministers”. For example, the Minister of Defense is responsible for defense policy, while the Home Secretary is responsible for law and order, both of them are, of course, members of the Cabinet. All the administration of national affairs is conducted in the name of the Queen (King), but in fact the Prime Minister is a virtual ruler of the state. Each new Prime Minister can make changes in the size of his Cabinet, appoint new ministers and make other changes.

Framing the foreign and home policies is one of the main functions of the Government. It is also responsible for supervising finance, different social services, etc. The Prime Minister takes policy decisions with the agreement of his ministers. He often holds the Cabinet meetings at his official residence at № 10 Downing Street which is very near the Houses of Parliament in Westminster. The power of the Cabinet is controlled by Parliament. It is a political convention for the cabinet to act as a single person, which means that a minister who

---

disagrees about a cabinet decision must resign.

The largest minority party becomes the Royal Opposition which forms a Shadow Cabinet. The leader of the opposition also chooses MPs to take responsibility for opposing the government; they are known as shadow ministers.

5. Match the following English and Russian equivalents:

to choose candidates in elections; about twenty members of the government; to become cabinet ministers; to conduct affáirs in the name of the Queen (King); the main functions of the Government; to appoint new ministers; It means that…; to form a Shadow Cabinet; shadow ministers; to oppose the government; must resign

главная функция правительства; быть в оппозиции к действую­щему правительству; формировать теневой кабинет; назначать новых министров; должен уйти в отставку; вести дела от имени королевы (или короля); около 20 членов правительства; стать министрами Кабинета министров; Это значит, что ...; выбирать кандидатов для уча­стия в выборах; министры «Теневого Кабинета»

6. Read the text and say if the following statements are true or false:

Useful expressions:

It is quite so. It is true. You are right. No doubt. That’s right. Exactly. I quite agree with you. Yes, certainly. I’m afraid it is not true. I can’t agree. Far from that. You are wrong here. You are not right in saying so. Quite on the contrary.

2. 
   The British democratic system depends on political parties
   
3. 
   The candidates who obtain the majority of seats at the general election comprise the largest minority party.
   
4. 
   The Sovereign recommends a group of ministers to form the cabinet of Ministers.
   
5. 
   Prime Minister cannot make changes in the Cabinet.
   
6. 
   All the administration of national affairs is conducted in the name of the Queen.
   
7. 
   In fact the Queen is a virtual ruler of the state.
   
8. 
   The main function of the Government is to oppose the Sovereign.
   
9. 
   There are a lot of arguments and debates in the Cabinet.
   
10. 
    Ministers who disagree about any cabinet decision must resign.
    
11. 
    The government enjoys the support of the Shadow Cabinet.
    

7. Answer the following questions:

1. 
   What does the British executive power depend on?
   
2. 
   Who chooses candidates in elections?
   
3. 
   Who comprise the majority party?
   
4. 
   What does the majority party form?
   
5. 
   What is the main function of the government?
   
6. 
   Who is a virtual ruler of the state in the UK?
   
7. 
   How many MPs does the Prime Minister recommend to form his Cabinet of Ministers?
   
8. 
   In what way does the Cabinet of Ministers act?
   
9. 
   Who must resign from the Cabinet of Ministers?
   
10. 
    Which party becomes the Royal Opposition?
    
11. 
    What political body takes responsibility for opposing the government?
    

8. Read the text «The British Political Party System» for further information. Match the underlined words and their Russian equivalents given below:

стоять у власти; по традиции; система с двумя преобладаю­щими партиями; создать союз (альянс); конструктивная критика; эффективность; партия большинства; при чрезвычайных обстоя­тельствах; сместить правительство; отношения между правитель­ством и оппозиционными партиями; вынести вотум недоверия

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