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§ 18. Typical Semantic Relations ..................................................................
131
§ 19. Basic Criteria of Semantic Derivation...................................................
133
§ 20. Diachronic Approach of Conversion. Origin .........................................
136
§ 21. Productivity. Traditional and Occasional Conversion. . . . . . .
138
§ 22. Conversion and Sound-(Stress-) Interchange ........................................
139
§ 23. Summary and Conclusions . . . ............................................................
140
Word-Composition
§ 24. Compounding ......................................................................................
140
§ 25. Structure .............................................................................................
141
§ 26. Meaning ..............................................................................................
143
§ 27. Structural Meaning of the Pattern .........................................................
144
§ 28. The Meaning of Compounds. Motivation ............................................
145
§ 29. Classification ......................................................................................
146
§ 30. Relations between the ICs of Compounds .............................................
146
§ 31. Different Parts of Speech ....................................................................
147
§ 32. Means of Composition .........................................................................
148
§ 33. Types of Bases ....................................................................................
149
§ 34. Correlation between Compounds and Free Phrases . .............................
151
§ 35. Correlation Types of Compounds ........................................................
154
§ 36. Sources of Compounds ........................................................................
158
§ 37. Summary and Conclusions ..................................................................
158
VI. ETYMOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE ENGLISH WORD-STOCK
§
1.
Some Basic Assumptions ......................................................................
160
Words of Native Origin
§ 2. Semantic Characteristics and Collocability .............................................
162
§ 3. Derivational Potential ............................................................................
162
§ 4. Summary and Conclusions ....................................................................
164
Borrowings
§ 5. Causes and Ways of Borrowing .............................................................
164
§ 6. Criteria of Borrowings ................................. . ■ ...................................
165
§ 7. Assimilation of Borrowings ...................................................................
166
§ 8. Phonetic, Grammatical and Lexical Assimilation of Borrowings
167
§ 9. Degree of Assimilation and Factors Determining It ................................
170
§ 10. Summary and Conclusions ...................................................................
170
Interrelation between Native and Borrowed Elements
§ 11. The Role of Native and Borrowed Elements .........................................
171
§ 12. Influence of Borrowings ......................................................................
172
§ 13. Summary and Conclusions ...................................................................
175
VII. VARIOUS ASPECTS OF VOCABULARY UNITS AND REPLENISHMENT
OF MODERN ENGLISH WORD-STOCK
Interdependence of Various Aspects of the Word
§ 1. Notional and Form Words ....................................................................
176
§ 2. Frequency, Polysemy and Structure ......................................................
177
§ 3. Frequency and Stylistic Reference .........................................................
178
§ 4. Frequency, Polysemy and Etymology ....................................................
179
§ 5. Frequency and Semantic Structure ........................................................
180
267
Replenishment of Modern English Vocabulary
§ 6. Development of Vocabulary .................................................................
180
§ 7. Structural and Semantic Peculiarities of New Vocabulary Units
183
Ways and Means of Enriching the Vocabulary
§
8. Productive Word-Formation . ................................................................
184
§ 9. Various Ways of Word-Creation ...........................................................
187
§ 10. Borrowing ...........................................................................................
191
§ 11. Semantic Extension .............................................................................
193
Number of Vocabulary Units in Modern English
§
12. Some Debatable Problems of Lexicology ............................................
195
§ 13. Intrinsic Heterogeneity of Modern English ...........................................
196
§ 14. Number of Vocabulary Items in Actual Use and Number of Vocabulary Units
in Modern English ..............................................................................
197
§ 15. Summary and Conclusions » ...............................................................
198
VIII. VARIANTS AND DIALECTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
The Main Variants of the English Language
§ 1.
General Characteristics of the English Language in Different Parts of
the English-Speaking World ................................................................
200
§ 2. Lexical Differences of Territorial Variants ............................................. 202
§ 3. Some Points of History of the Territorial Variants and Lexical Interchange Be-
tween Them ........................................................................................ 205
Local Varieties in the British Isles and the USA
§
4.
Local Dialects in the British Isles ......................................................... 206
§ 5. The Relationship Between the English National Language and
British Local Dialects ......................................................................... 207
§ 6. Local Dialects in the USA ..................................................................... 208
§ 7. Summary and Conclusions .................................................................... 209
IX. FUNDAMENTALS OF ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY
Main Types of English Dictionaries
§ 1.
Encyclopaedic and Linguistic Dictionaries ............................................ 210
§ 2. Classification of Linguistic Dictionaries ................................................ 211
§ 3. Explanatory Dictionaries ........................................................................ 213
§ 4. Translation Dictionaries ......................................................................... 213
§ 5. Specialised Dictionaries ......................................................................... 214
Some Basic Problems of Dictionary-Compiling
§ 6. The Selection of Lexical Units for Inclusion ........................................... 216
§ 7. Arrangement of Entries...................................................................... .
218
§ 8. Selection and Arrangement of Meanings ............................................... 219
§ 9. Definition of Meanings . ....................................................................... 220
§ 10. Illustrative Examples ........................................................................... 221
§ 11. Choice of Adequate Equivalents ......................................................... 222
§ 12. Setting of the Entry , ........................................................................... 222
§ 13. Structure of the Dictionary .................................................................. 225
268
Learner’s Dictionaries and Some Problems of Their Compilation
§ 14. Main Characteristic Features of Learner’s Dictionaries ........................
226
§ 15. Classification of Learner’s Dictionaries ..............................................
227
§ 16. Selection of Entry Words ....................................................................
229
§ 17. Presentation of Meanings ....................................................................
230
§ 18. Setting of the Entry ............................................................................
232
§ 19. Summary and Conclusions .................................................................
233
X. METHODS AND PROCEDURES OF LEXICOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
§
1.
Contrastive Analysis , . ..........................................................................
234
§ 2. Statistical Analysis . . . .......................................................................
242
§ 3. Immediate Constituents Analysis ...........................................................
245
§ 4. Distributional Analysis and Co-occurrence .............................................
246
§ 5. Transformational Analysis ..................................... ' .............................
251
§ 6. Componental Analysis ..........................................................................
254
§ 7. Method of Semantic Differential ...........................................................
259
§ 8. Summary and Conclusions.....................................................................
261
Material for Reference ......................................................... , . . .
262
Гинзбург Розалия Залмоновна,
Хидекель Сарра Соломоновна,
Князева Галина Юрьевна,
Санкин Александр Александрович
ЛЕКСИКОЛОГИЯ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА
(для институтов и факультетов иностранных языков)
(на а н г л и й с к о м языке)
Изд. 2-е, испр. и доп.
Редактор В. И. Киселева
Издательский редактор Л. А. Долгопятова
Художественный редактор Н. Е. Ильенко
Технический редактор Л. А. Муравьева
Корректор О. В. Ачкасова
ИБ № 1751
Изд № А-588 Сдано в набор 12.05.78 Подп. к печати 13.10.78
Формат 60x90/16 Бум. тип. № 3 Гарнитура литературная. Печать
высокая. Объем
17,0
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Ордена Октябрьской Революции и ордена Трудового Красного Знамени
Первая Образцовая типография имени А А Жданова Союзполиграф-
прома при Государственном комитете СССР по делам издательств,
полиграфии и книжной торговли. Москва М-54, Валовая 28.