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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
,
Preface to the First Edition ...........................................................................
3
Preface to the Second Edition ........................................................................
5
I. INTRODUCTION
§ 1. Definition. Links with Other Branches of Linguistics .............................
7
§ 2. Two Approaches to Language Study ......................................................
7
§ 3. Lexicology and Sociolinguistics ............................................................
8
§ 4. Lexical Units ..................................................................................... .
9
§ 5. Varieties of Words ................................................................................
10
§ 6. Course of Modern English Lexicology. Its Aims and Significance . . ......
11
II. SEMASIOLOGY
Word-Meaning
§ 1. Referential Approach to Meaning ..........................................................
13
§ 2. Meaning in the Referential Approach ....................................................
16
§ 3. Functional Approach to Meaning ...........................................................
17
§ 4. Relation Between the Two Approaches ..................................................
18
Types of Meaning
§ 5. Grammatical Meaning ............................................................................
18
§ 6. Lexical Meaning ....................................................................................
19
§ 7. Part-of-speech Meaning .......................................................................
19
§ 8. Denotational and Connotational Meaning ..............................................
20
§ 9. Emotive Charge ....................................................................................
21
§ 10. Stylistic Reference ..............................................................................
21
§ 11. Emotive Charge and Stylistic Reference ..............................................
22
§ 12. Summary and Conclusions ..................................................................
22
Word-Meaning and Meaning in Morphemes
§ 13. Lexical Meaning .................................................................................
23
§ 14. Functional (Part-of-speech) Meaning ...................................................
24
§ 15. Differential Meaning...........................................................................
24
§ 16. Distributional Meaning .......................................................................
25
Word-Meaning and Motivation
§ 17. Morphological Motivation ..................................................................
25
§ 18. Phonetical Motivation .........................................................................
26
§ 19. Semantic Motivation ...........................................................................
27
§ 20. Summary and Conclusions ..................................................................
27
Change of Meaning
§ 21. Causes of Semantic Change ................................................................
29
§ 22. Nature of Semantic Change ................................................................
30
§ 23. Results of Semantic Change ...............................................................
31
§
24.
Interrelation of Causes, Nature and Results of Semantic Change
32
§ 25. Summary and Conclusions ..................................................................
33
264
Meaning and Polysemy
§ 26. Semantic Structure of Polysemantic Words ..........................................
33
§ 27. Diachronic Approach ..........................................................................
34
§ 28. Synchronic Approach ..........................................................................
35
§ 29. Historical Changeability of Semantic Structure .....................................
36
§ 30. Polysemy and Arbitrariness of Semantic Structure ................................
37
§ 31. Summary and Conclusions ...............................................................
38
Polysemy and Homonymy
§ 32. Homonymy of Words and Homonymy of Word-Forms .........................
39
§ 33. Classification of Homonyms ................................................................
40
§ 34. Some Peculiarities of Lexico-Grammatical Homonymy ........................
41
§ 35. Graphic and Sound-Form of Homonyms .............................................
42
§ 36. Sources of Homonymy ........................................................................
42
§ 37. Polysemy and Homonymy: Etymological and Semantic Criteria
43
§ 38. Formal Criteria: Distribution and Spelling ............................................
44
§
39.
Summary and Conclusions ...............................................................
45
Word-Meaning in Syntagmatics and Paradigmatics
§ 40. Polysemy and Context .........................................................................
47
§ 41. Lexical Context ................................................................. - ................
48
§ 42. Grammatical Context ...........................................................................
49
§ 43. Extra-Linguistic Context (Context of Situation) ....................................
50
§ 44. Common Contextual Associations. Thematic Groups........................
50
Meaning Relations in Paradigmatics and Semantic Classification of Words
§ 45. Conceptual (or Semantic) Fields ..........................................................
51
§ 46. Hyponymic (Hierarchical) Structures and Lexico-semantic Groups
53
§ 47. Semantic Equivalence and Synonymy .................................................
55
§ 48. Criteria of Synonymity ........................................................................
57
§ 49. Patterns of Synonymic Sets in Modern English .....................................
58
§ 50. Semantic Contrasts and Antonymy ......................................................
59
§ 51. Semantic Similarity of Morphemes and Word-Families ....................
61
§ 52. Summary and Conclusions ..............................................................
62
III. WORD-GROUPS AND PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS
Some Basic Features of Word-Groups
§
1.
Lexical Valency (Collocability) .........................................................
64
§ 2. Grammatical Valency , ......................................................................
66
Structure of Word-Groups
§ 3.
Distribution as a Criterion of Classification ........................................
67
Meaning of Word-Groups
§ 4.
Lexical Meaning ...................................................................................
68
§ 5. Structural Meaning ................................................................................
69
§ 6. Interrelation of Lexical and Structural Meaning in Word-Groups
69
Interdependence of Structure and Meaning in Word-Groups
§ 7. Syntactic Structure (Formula) and Pattern of Word-Groups . . .
70
§ 8. Polysemantic and Monosemantic Patterns ..................................................................
71
§ 9. Motivation in Word-Groups ..........................................................................................
71
§ 10,
Summary
and Conclusions .........................................................................................
72
265
Phraseological Units
§
11. Free Word-Groups, Versus Set-Phrases. Phraseological Units, Idioms,
Word-Equivalents..............................................................................
74
§ 12. Criteria of Stability and Lack of Motivation (Idiomaticity) . . .
74
§ 13. Classification ......................................................................................
75
§ 14. Some Debatable Points ........................................................................
76
§ 15. Criterion of Function ...........................................................................
79
§ 16. Phraseological Units and Idioms Proper ...............................................
80
§ 17. Some Debatable Points ........................................................................
81
§ 18. Criterion of Context ............................................................................
82
§ 19. Some Debatable Points ........................................................................
83
§ 20. Phraseology as a Subsystem of Language ............................................
84
§ 21. Some Problems of the Diachronic Approach ........................................
86
§ 22. Summary and Conclusions ..................................................................
88
IV. WORD-STRUCTURE
§ 1. Segmentation of Words into Morphemes ..............................................
89
§ 2. Principles of Morphemic Analysis. Types of Word Segmentability
89
§ 3. Classification of Morphemes .................................................................
92
§ 4. Procedure of Morphemic Analysis ........................................................
94
§ 5. Morphemic Types of Words .................................................................
95
§ 6. Derivative Structure . ............................................................................
95
§ 7. Derivative Relations..............................................................................
96
§ 8. Derivational Bases ...................................................................... . .
97
§ 9. Derivational Affixes..............................................................................
100
§ 10. Semi-Affixes ......................................................................................
102
§ 11. Derivational Patterns ................................. , ........................................
103
§ 12. Derivational Types of Words ...............................................................
104
§ 13. Historical Changeability of Word-Structure ........................................
105
§ 14. Summary and Conclusions ..................................................................
106
V. WORD-FORMATION
Various Ways of Forming Words
§ 1.
Various Types and Ways of Forming Words ..........................................
108
§ 2. Word-Formation. Definition» Basic Peculiarities ..................................
109
§ 3. Word-Formation as the Subject of Study . . ............................................
111
§ 4. Productivity of Word-Formation Means ................................................
112
§ 5. Summary and Conclusions ....................................................................
114
Affixation
§ 6. Definition. Degree of Derivation. Prefixal and Suffixal Derivatives
114
§ 7. Prefixation. Some Debatable Problems .................................................
115
§ 8. Classification of Prefixes ..................................................... . . . . .
117
§ 9. Suffixation. Peculiarities of Some Suffixes ............................................
119
§ 10. Main Principles of Classification ........................................................
120
§ 11. Polysemy and Homonymy ..................................................................
121
§ 12. Synonymy ..........................................................................................
122
§ 13. Productivity ........................................................................................
123
§ 14. Origin of derivational affixes ...............................................................
125
§ 15. Summary and Conclusions ........................................................... .
126
Conversion
§ 16. Definition ...........................................................................................
127
§ 17. Synchronic Approach ..........................................................................
130