ВУЗ: Не указан
Категория: Не указан
Дисциплина: Не указана
Добавлен: 06.04.2021
Просмотров: 1498
Скачиваний: 6
77
has bееn ordered for mе. 9) Annie's sculptures are going to bе exhibited tomorrow.10)
А skateboard was being made for Tim.
EXERCISE 7. Correct the mistakes.
1 The new regulations will been announced in September.
2 Dо they have their dogs walking every day?
3 She has the piano tune twice а year.
4 The letters are bе posted first thing tomorrow morning.
5 When Mr Cobert arrived at the office, he realised his computer has bееn stolen.
6 The photographs will already bееn developed.
7 It's worth having the car servicing.
8 She is expects to win the November election.
9 They are having their garage painted when I called.
10 Your teeth is bе cheeked every six months.
INFINITIVE / - ING FORM / PARTICIPLES: Level B
Tenses of the Infinitive
Tenses of the - ing form
Active Voice
Passive Voice
Active Voice
Passive Voice
Present
(to) offer
(to) be offered
offering
being offered
Present Cont.
(to) be offering
-
-
-
Perfect
(to) have offered
(to) have been
offered
having offered
having been offered
Perfect Cont.
(to) have been
offering
-
-
-
The Present Infinitive
refers to the present or future.
I’d like to go for a walk.
The Present Continuous Infinitive
is used with
appear, claim, happen, pretend,
seem, must, can’t, should, would etc
to describe an action happening now.
He must be working in the garden now.
The Perfect Infinitive
is used with
appear, happen, pretend, seem etc
to show that
the action of the infinitive happened before the action of the verb.
He claims to have met the Queen. (First he met the Queen, then he claimed he had
met her.)
It is also used with modal verbs
should, would etc
.
The Perfect Continuous Infinitive
is used with
appear, seem, pretend etc
to put
emphasis on the duration of the action of the infinitive, which happened before the
action of the verb.
She looks tired. She seems to have been working all morning.
It is also used with modal verbs.
78
The Present Gerund
( - ing form)
refers to the present or future.
She enjoys dancing.
The Perfect Gerund ( - ing form)
shows that the action of the gerund has happened
before the action of the verb. We can use the Present Gerund instead of the Perfect
Gerund without a difference in meaning.
He denied having stolen the money. OR He denied stealing the money.
The -to- infinitive is used :
1.
to express purpose
She went out to buy some milk.
2.
after certain verbs (
advise, agree, appear, decide, expect, hope, promise, refuse
etc)
He promised to be back at 10 o clock.
3.
after certain adjectives (
angry, happy, glad
etc)
She was glad to see him.
4.
after question words (
where, how, what, who, which
, BUT not after “
why
”)
Has she told you where to meet them?
But:
I don’t know why he left so early.
5.
after:
would like/ would love/ would prefer
(to express specific preference)
I’d love to go for a walk.
6.
after nouns
It’s a pleasure to work with you
.
7.
after
too/enough
constructions
He is too short to reach the top shelf.
He isn’t tall enough to reach the top shelf.
8.
with
it + be + adjective (+ of + object)
It was nice of him to remember my birthday.
9.
with “
only
” to express unsatisfactory result
He called me only to say that he would be late.
The infinitive without -to- is used:
1.
after modal verbs (
must, can, will
etc)
You must be back at 12 o clock.
2.
after:
had better/ would rather
I’d rather have stayed in last night.
3.
after:
make/let/see/ hear/feel + object
Mum let me watch TV. I made him apologise.
BUT: in the passive form:
be made/ be heard/ be seen + to-infinitive
He was made to apologise.
79
Note: help is followed by a -to-infinitive or an infinitive without -to-
She helped me (to) wash the dishes.
The -ing form is used:
1.
as a noun
Eating vegetables is good for your health.
2.
after certain verbs (
admit (to), avoid, consider, continue, delay, deny, enjoy,
escape, excuse, fancy, finish, forgive, imagine, involve, keep (=continue), look
forward to, mention mind, miss, object to, postpone, practice, prevent, report,
resist, risk, save, stand, suggest, understand
etc)
He admitted (to) stealing the painting.
3.
after:
love, like, dislike, hate, enjoy, prefer
(to express general preference)
He likes cooking (in general).
Note:
like + to infinitive
= it’s a good idea; it’s useful
I like to eat a healthy breakfast. (specific preference)
4.
after:
I’m busy, it’s no use, it’s (no) good, it’s (not) worth, what’s the use of,
can’t help, there’s no point in, can’t stand, be/get used to, be/get accustomed
to, have difficulty (in)
It’s no use complaining.
5.
after “
go
” for physical activities
They go skiing every winter.
6.
after:
spend/waste time
He wasted his time playing video games.
7.
after prepositions
He entered without knocking at the door.
8.
after:
see, hear, listen, watch
to express an incomplete action, an action in
progress or a long action
I saw Kate painting the kitchen. (I saw Kate in the middle of painting.)
BUT:
see, hear, listen, watch + infinitive without -to-
– to express a complete
action, something that one saw or heard from beginning to end.
I watched Kate paint the kitchen. I took her two hours. (I saw the whole action from
beginning to end.)
NOTE: If two infinitives are joined by “and”, the -to- of the second infinitive can
be omitted.
I want to eat something and have a rest.
80
Verbs taking -to- infinitive or –ing form without a change in meaning
1.
begin, start, continue
+ to –inf. or –ing form
However, we never have two –ing forms
together
She began dancing/ to dance
But: It’s beginning to get cold.
Not: It’s beginning getting cold.
2.
advise, allow, permit, recommend,
encourage
when followed by an object or
in passive form take a to-infinitive
They take the –ing form when not followed
by an object.
He doesn’t allow us to smoke here.
They aren’t allowed to smoke here.
They don’t allow smoking here.
3.
It needs/It requires/It wants
+ -ing form
“
it needs
” can also be followed by a passive
infinitive.
The house needs/requires/wants
painting.
The car needs repairing/to be repaired.
Verbs taking to- infinitive or –ing form with a change in meaning
1.
forget + to- inf
= not remember
I’m sorry, I forgot to buy milk.
forget + ing form
= forget a past event
He’ll never forget flying over the Alps
6.
try + to –inf
= do one’s best, attempt
The fireman are trying to put out the
fire.
try + -ing form
= do sth as an
experiment
Why don’t you try adding some sugar to
the sauce? It might taste better.
2
.remember + to –inf
= remember to do sth
Remember to turn off the cooker before
leaving.
remember + -ing form
= recall a past event
I don’t remember staying in this hotel before.
7.
want + to –inf
= wish
I want to spend my holidays in Spain.
want + -ing form
= need sth done
This room wants painting again.
3.
go on + to –inf
= finish doing sth and start
doing sth else;
After finishing the report, she went on to type
some letters.
go on + -ing form
= continue
She went on Talking for hours
.
8.
stop + to –inf
= pause temporarily
She stopped to get some petrol before
continuing on her journey to Leeds.
stop + -ing form
= finish; end
Stop talking, please!
4.
mean + to –inf
= intend to
He means to find a job abroad.
mean + -ing form
= involve
Finding a job means attending many
interviews.
9.
be sorry + to –inf
= regret
I’m sorry to hear they fired him.
be sorry for + -ing form
= apologise
I’m sorry for being/having been unfair
to you.
5.
regret + to –inf
= be sorry to
I regret to tell you that there is no money in
your account.
regret + -ing form
= have second thoughts
about sth one has already done
I regret buying/having bought this dress; it
10.
be afraid + to –inf
= the subject is too
frightened to do sth)
I’m afraid to climb up that tree. (I don’t
want to do it.)
be afraid of + -ing form
= the subject is
afraid that what is described by the -ing
81
doesn’t look nice on me.
form may happen)
She won’t climb up the tree; she is
afraid of falling. (She is afraid because
she might fall.)
EXERCISE 1 . Fill in the correct tense of the infinitive.
1. We ‘d better not bother her – she seems
to be studying
(study). 2. The accused
denied ___ (do) anything wrong. 3. Paul pretended ___ (win) a lot of money but in
fact he had won nothing at all. 4. She must ___ (work) outdoors when we rang. She
didn’t answer the phone. 5. Jane hoped ___ (give) the prize, but someone else won
it. 6. He seemed ___ (swim). He was all wet. 7. I should ___ (give) him some
money before I went out, but I forgot. 8. She says she would love ___ (come) to
dinner with us tonight. 9. He must ___ (practise) that piece for hours – he plays it
very well now. 10. The athlete seemed ___ (be) out of breath – he must ___ (run) for
hours.
EXERCISE 2. Insert to where necessary before the infinitives in brackets. In
some of the sentences a present participle could be used instead
of an infinitive. Comment your choice.
1. It is easy (be) wise after the event. 2. Do you (wish) (make) a complaint? 3. We
don’t (want) anybody (know) that we are here. 4. If you cant (remember) his number
you’d better (look) it up. 5. I want her (learn) Esperanto; I think everybody ought to
(know) it. 6. He is said (be) the best surgeon in the country. 7. Visitors are asked
(not feed) the animals. 8. It’s better (travel) hopefully than (arrive). (
proverb
) 9. He
was made (sign) a paper admitting his guilt. 10. He should (know) how (use) the
film projector, but if he doesn’t you had better (show) him. 11. I saw the driver
(open) his window and (throw) a box into the bushes. 12. I heard a cock (crow) in a
neighbouring village.
EXERCISE 3. Fill in the gaps with the verbs in brackets in the infinitive or the
–ing form.
1. Remember
to go
(go) to the bank. You’ve got to pay the bills. 2. I don’t remember
___ (see) this film before. 3. When he had written his first book he went on ___
(write) seven more. 4. She went on ___ (talk) even after her friend had fallen asleep.
5. I regret ___ (leave) school at the age of 16. 6.I regret ___ (tell) you that you have
failed the test. 7. He means ___ (build) a boat and travel round the world. 8. Doing
well on this course means (study) very hard. 9. I’ve been trying ___ (start) this car
for hours. 10. Why don’t you try ___ (put) some petrol in the tank? 11. I don’t want
to drive a car; I’m afraid of ___ (have) an accident. 12.She’s afraid ___ (walk) alone
tonight. 13. He forgot ___ (invite) his friend to the party. 14. I’ll never forget ___