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It is the year
AD
105. We are leavi ng Vindolanda this summer because
Flavius has a new job i n Eboracum (York). It's a very long journey so
we will need to stop on the way. I've never travelled before
-
I hope
I won't get lost! I su ppose Vibrissa wi ll be comi ng too . . .
eheu!
VINDOLANDA
(Catterick)
CAMULODUNUM
This is where we will l ive!
A special occasion
Now that Flavius is leaving Vindola nda, all the soldiers are taking part
in a big parade: they are saying goodbye to him and to his family.
milites appropinquant.
alii incedunt, alii equitant.
WO R DS TO H E L P
Nouns
clam ore m
noise
pompa
parade
praefectus
commander
Adiectives
agitati
excited
laeti
happy
omnes
all, everyone
praecipuus
special
Exclamations
ecce!
look!
euge!
hooray!
vale!
goodbye!
Ques tion word
cur?
why?
Verbs
appropinquat
it approaches/is approaching
audiunt
they hear / are hearing
equitat
he rides/is riding
incedunt
they march/ are marching
Adverbs
subito
suddenly
turn
then
IdLoms
alii . . . alii
.
.. some . . . others
. . .
ita vero
y es
rem explicat
explains the situation
G RAS P T H E G RA M M A R
The most important word in a sentence is the
verb;
i t describes what
action
is happening. In Latin, the verb is normally found at the
end
of
the sentence.
Look carefully at these two sentences. Can you remember what they mean?
a
Minimus pompam
spectat.
b
Lepidlna et l ulius pompam
spectant.
In each sentence, the verb is in
bold.
Notice that
spectat
means "he watches/
he is watching" but
spectant
means "they watch/ they are watching" .
Latin uses different verb endings to show
who
is doing the action.
Notice too that there is no word for "he" or "they" . The ending of the verb
shows us who is doing the watching.
Here is the full set of six verb endings:
spec to
spectas
spectat
I watch/ am watching
you watch/ are watching*
he/ she/ it watches/ is watching
specta
mus
specta
tis
spectan t
* when "you" refers to one person
(singular)
** when "you" refers to more than one person
(plural)
we watch/ are watching
you watch/ are watching**
they watch/ are watching
We call this set of endings t he
present
tense, because the action is happening
now.
Here are some more
verbs.
Translate them into English, taking care to check the
endings to see
who
is doing the action:
1
equitat
5
spectat
9
equitant
2
appropinquant
6
equito
10
vocas
3
voco
11
spectamus
4
equitamus
7
appropinquatis
8
spectatis
12
appropinquas
Try to remember those endings beca use then
you can understand hund reds of Latin verbs!
But here's one verb that is a bit different!
From the pictures on pages
6
and
7,
try to work out the meaning of
est, sumus
and
sunt.
These are all parts of the verb "to be" . This verb needs special care: it
doesn't follow the normal pattern for verbs in Latin - or in any other
language in fact! It's called an
irregular
verb.
sum
es
est
l am
you are
he/ she/ it is
sumus
estis
sunt
we are
you are
they are
LATI N ROOTS
.
d
r
d word in each sent ence.
U Y our knowledge of Lat in t o explam t he un er m e
�
.
�
1
The Q ueen likes t o wat ch
even .
1
d
.
ou must look aft er your
cor s.
2
If you are a smger, y
. de seat ing for t he
3
Most foot ball clubs now proVI
.11
d
rl·od of
service.
.
people sh
0
a pe
4
In some countn es, young
Vesuvius is a dormant volcano.
.
.
�
Teachers somet imes use audio-visual aIds m lessons.
ROMAN REPORT
Uncovering tbe past
Flavius and h is family lived at Vindolanda for about six years at
t he beginning of th e second cent ury
A
D.
Trying t o piece t oget her
all th e evidence for th eir life t here is rath er like doing a large
jigsaw puzzle.
•
Arch aeologist s wh o h ave excavat ed at Vindolanda can t ell us a lot
about th is family. Th ey have found many int erest ing it ems th at
belonged t o th e family and t o ot her people wh o lived inside and
out side th e Roman fort . For example, we can see Lepidina's
sandals, h er comb in it s case and h er sewing needles. These
artefacts
are displayed in th e Ch est erh olm museum at Vindolanda.
•
Every year, arch aeologist s dig at
Vindolanda. Th ey have found th e
remains of
buildings
used by th e
soldiers and by Flavius and h is
family. Th ey h ave worked out th e
size of th ese buildings, including t he
act ual h ouse th at t he family lived in.
•
When th e family left th e fort , Flavius
decided t o burn h is personal
letters
along wit h t he records of th e fort .
However, t he wooden writ ing t ablet s
were not complet ely dest royed.
They were buried and wh en
archaeologist s excavat ed th em
th ey were able t o read t he messages.
This is the type of decorative
head-dress which was worn by
Flavius's horse in the parade
•
Archaeologist s h ave also found alt ars and t ombst ones t hat h ave
inscriptions
on t hem. Th ese give us valuable informat ion about
th e people who lived in th e fort and about th eir religious beliefs.