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An important job
After the parade, Flavius gives the sol diers some surprising orders.
WO R DS TO H E LP
Nouns
ancillae slave girls
liiridum lard
ligna logs
rogum bonfire
silices flints
silvam forest
tabula.s writing tablets
Verbs
ardet it burns/is burning
colligite! collect
currunt they runl are running
facimus we do/are doing
fundunt they pour
I
are pouring
iactant they throw
I
are throwing
nescio
I
don't know
terunt they rub
I
are rubbing
truncant they cutl are cutting
G RAS P T H E G RA M M A R
Pronoun
hoc this
Acl;edive
calidum hot
A
noun
is the name of a person, a place or a thing. Names of people and
places are called
proper nouns.
They always have a capital letter, both in
English and in Latin, for example Pandora, Rufus and Vindolanda.
All other words in Latin begin with a small letter.
Nouns can do different jobs in a sentence. The person or thing
doing the
action
is called the
subject
of the sentence; the person or thing
having the
action done to them
is called the
obj ect.
In Latin, nouns that are the
object
of a sentence have different endings.
Look at these two sentences:
a
rogus ardet.
The bonfire is burning.
b
milites rogum construunt.
The soldiers build a bonfire.
In sentence
a,
the bonfire is the
subj ect.
In sentence
b,
it is the
object,
so
it changes from
to
rogum.
Copy out these sentences and translate them into English. Then underline
the verb, both in English and in Latin. Finally, put an
s
over the
subj ect
and an
0
over the object. The first one is done for you.
s
o
s
0
1
Pandora Rufum vocat.
=
Pandora calls Rufus.
2
Lepidina pompam spectat.
3
Minimus clamorem audit.
4
Iulius rem explicat.
5
Vibrissa Minimum spectat.
6
omnes flammas spectant.
7
milites tabulas iactant.
Pandora decides to tell Rufus a story to cheer him up. He loved the
parade with the wonderful horse so she tells him the story of another
s peci al horse.
PEGASUS THE WONDER-HORSE
Long ago in Greece there lived a handsome hero called Bellerophon. He
quarrelled with Proteus, the King of Corinth, so the King gave him some
terrible tasks to do. One of these was to kill a monster called the Chimaera,
a strange beast which breathed fire. It had the head of a lion, the body of a
goat and a snake for a tail. It was destroying the land. Bellerophon went to
sleep, wondering how he could kill such a frightening creature. While he
slept, the goddess Minerva appeared and left a golden bridle by his side.
When he woke up, Bellerophon saw a wonderful horse with wings. This
horse was called Pegasus. With the help of the golden bridle, he mounted
the horse and soared into the sky in search of the Chimaera. Once he
caught sight of it he swooped down low, choked its fiery breath with lead
and cut its head off. Bellerophon was so proud of his achievements that he
decided to fly Pegasus up to Mount Olympus, where the gods lived.
Jupiter was angry with Bellerophon for his arrogance so he sent a gadfly
to sting Pegasus. Bellerophon was thrown from his horse and plummeted
to earth.
Remember, the
verb
is the action
word in the sentence!
And a
noun
is the name of
A soldier at last!
Iulius has joined the Roman army and will soon be leaving Vindolanda.
He discusses this plan with Flavius and Rufus.
nvnc.- rYlTlo; RorYlanv� �vrYl.
lac-ti��irYlv� �vrYll
WO R DS TO H E L P
Nouns
bellum
war
dea
goddess
imperator
emperor
iter
journey
mare
sea
pontem
bridge
Ques hon worqS
quid?
what?
quis?
who?
ubi?
where?
lqiom
bellum gerit
he is
fighting a war
Verbs
aedificant
they build
noli timere!
don't be afraid!
superant
they win
vado
I go
Aqverbs
ibi
there
scilicet
of course
semper
always
tam
so
Preposihons
prope
near
trans
across
Aqiedives
notissimae
very famous
periculosum
dangerous
sollicitus
worried
Coniundions
quod
because
quoque
also
sed
but